Feline quiz questions - Virology

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

A herpesvirus that causes about 40% of clinical respiratory infections in cats. Close contact is required for transmission which commonly results in disease in cats during their first year of life. Most recovered cats are latently infected with viral reactivation and shedding associated with stressful events such as parturition, lactation, or change of housing.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

A lentivirus (in the retroviridae family) that replicates principally in CD4+ T lymphocytes of cats. Infected cats may remain healthy and survive for a normal life-span or may exhibit progressive deterioration of cell-mediated immunity.

Borna Disease Virus

A linear, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus associated with severe meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep. This disease is commonly seen in Europe. (It can also affect cats uncommonly)

Hendra virus

A paramyxovirus associated with infectious rhinopneumonitis and late term abortions in horses (which can also affect cats uncommonly)

Feline Leukemia Virus

A retrovirus that may cause a high risk of tumors, fetal anemias or induce immunodeficiency in cats. An optimal test to detect clinically significant infections with this virus is an ELISA test for p27 GAG antigen in blood.

Feline Leukemia virus

A retrovirus which can cause lymphosarcoma and an immunosuppresive disease in cats.

Progressive - Persistently shed, 3 year prognosis, Elisa detection in blood Regressive - Apparent clearing, good prognosis, Lack of viral antigen in blood/requires PCR

Brief comparison: What are differences in virus shedding, prognosis and test results between progressive and regressive infections of cats with Feline Leukemia Virus?

Feline Leukemia Virus

ELISA detection of the p27 GAG antigen in blood indicates a progressive infection with this virus. Progressively infected cats will shed infectious virus throughout their life and typically develop virus-associated diseases such as neoplasia or anemia. After clinical presentation, 80% of progressively infected cats die within three years.

Virulent

Feline calicivirus is a virus associated with the formation of vesicles on the tongue and causes approximately 40% of pathogenic upper respiratory tract infections in cats worldwide. In recent years, _____________ systemic disease (VSD-FCV) has been described, associated with certain pathogenic strains of the virus and characterized by vasculitis, multi-organ involvement and high mortality.

Yes

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus is a coronavirus that exhibits helical symmetry. Can FIP virus be easily rendered non-infectious with lipid solvents and various detergents?

Monocytes, macrophages

Feline infectious peritonitis arises as a mutant of the widely distributed feline enteric coronavirus resulting in the ability to infect and replicate in ____________ and _______________ rather than exclusive growth in enteric epithelial cells.

Feline Enteric Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis arises as a mutant of this widely distributed virus. This virus causes mild or inapparent disease unless a unique mutation of the virus occurs

monocytes, macrophages

Feline infectious peritonitis virus arises as a mutant of the widely distributed feline enteric coronavirus when recombination or mutation of spike or 3C protein allows productive infections of ______________ and ____________ cell types.

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

Infection with this herpesvirus requires close contact for transmission though 40% of respiratory infections in cats are attributed to this virus. Disease is most common in the first year of life with most recovered cats being latently infected. Control of this disease in the U.S. involves vaccination and biosecurity.

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Infections of cats with this retrovirus are appropriately detected by testing for the presence of antibodies. Survival of client-owned cats infected with this virus was not significantly different than uninfected cats in a large, retrospective, case-control study.

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

Infections with this non-enveloped DNA virus may be rapidly fatal in young cats (median age = 2 months). Clinical signs often involve a sudden onset of pronounced depression, lethargy, anorexia and fever with variable vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Kittens that are infected during gestation exhibit persistent ataxia, hypermetria, incoordination and intention tremors.

Feline Calicivirus (typical)

Infections with this non-enveloped RNA virus account for about 40% of upper respiratory tract infections in cats. Acute disease most commonly occurs in kittens at two to three months of age. Fever, oculonasal discharge and conjunctivitis are accompanied by the development of characteristic vessicles (which rapidly progress to ulcers) on the tongue and oral mucosa.

monocytes, macrophages

Mutation of feline enteric coronaviruses that result in infection of _____________ and _____________ (cell types) result in feline infectious peritonitis.

Virulent Systemic Disease - Feline Calicivirus

Mutations of a feline virus that is commonly associated with mild to moderate feline respiratory disease will result in this unique illness. In affected cats, the upper respiratory tract disease is accompanied by pyrexia, cutaneous edema (often seen as severely swollen paws), ulcerative dermatitis, alopecia and icterus. Infections are often rapidly fatal.

Coronavirus (both spaces)

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus is a highly contagious, viral disease of young pigs. The virus is closely related to canine _______ and feline _______ and causes vomiting, watery diarrhea, rapid dehydration and weight loss in piglets less than seven days old. Mortality among newborn pigs may reach 100%.

Humoral Immunity

Regarding the pathophysiology of disease and immune response to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), _____________________ is not protective and may actually enhance disease progression. This issue has been associated with the failure to develop effective vaccines for FIP.

Humoral immunity

Regarding the pathophysiology of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), _____________________ is not protective and may actually enhance disease progression. This issue has been associated with the failure to develop effective vaccines for FIP.

Feline Panleukopenia virus

The non-enveloped parvovirus that causes cerebellar hypoplasia in cases of transplacental infection of cats

rodents

The reservoir host that commonly maintains the cowpox virus within an environment is considered to be wild ______________. This reservoir host often results in infection of cats.

Rabies Virus

This enveloped, bullet-shaped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus with a helical nucleocapsid causes fatal non-suppurative encephalitis in cats with perivascular lymphoid cuffing and intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies). Disease control focuses on effective vaccination with inactivated virus.

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

This virus replicates in monocytes and macrophages commonly due to a recombination or mutation of spike or 3C protein. While early clinical signs are generally non-specific, they include anorexia, weight loss, listlessness and dehydration. Cats with effusive forms of the disease have fibrin-rich exudates in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The effusive form of the disease usually leads to death within eight weeks.

Feline calicivirus (typical)

_____________ ______________ is a virus associated with the formation of vesicles on the tongue and causes approximately 40% of pathogenic upper respiratory tract infections in cats worldwide.

Feline panleukopenia virus

_____________ is a parvovirus that causes diease in cats. Cats are commonly immunized, as vaccination against this virus is considered core.

Pseudorabies Virus

______________ is a herpesvirus that affects swine and diverse host species (including cats, but not people). Clinical disease in swine involves abortions, mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets in pregnant sows and sneezing, coughing, and moderate fever in weaned pigs. Young piglets exhibit nearly 100% mortality with neurologic signs.

Feline calicivirus (typical)

___________________ is a non-enveloped RNA virus that is associated with respiratory disease in cats. In fact, this virus accounts for about 40% of upper respiratory tract inflammatory disease in cats worldwide. Fever, oculo-nasal discharge and conjunctivitis are accompanied by the development of characteristic vesicles on the tongue and oral mucosa of infected cats.