Female Reproductive Anatomy

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What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

Into lumbar lymph nodes via para-aortic lymph nodes

What is the hymen?

The incomplete partition formed by the mucosa near the vaginal opening

The ovarian artery is a direct branch of this artery

abdominal aorta --branches off below the renal artery

In what portion of the fallopian tube does fertilization usually occur?

ampulla

What is the most common part of the fallopian tube for an ectopic pregnancy to occur?

ampulla

Where are the uterine arteries in relation to the ureter?

anterior

Where does the uterine artery run in relation to the ureter as it comes down to enter the bladder?

anterior

What are the branches o the uterine arteries?

arcuate radial straight spiral

within the myometrium, the uterine arteries branch out into _________

arcuate arteries

Where is the vesicouterine pouch?

between bladder and uterus anterior structure that is reflected from the level of the isthmus onto the bladder

Where is the Pouch of Douglas ("cul-de-sac") located?

between rectum and uterus

Where is the rectouterine pouch?

between uterus and rectum runs from the posterior wall of the uterus to the upper 1/4 of the vagina and onto the rectum

What mesentery secures the uterus to the side walls of the abdominal-pelvic cavity?

broad ligament

What ligaments help support the uterus to prevents uterine prolapse?

cardinal ligaments and uterosacral ligaments

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

catch released oocytes and transport them to the uterus

What is the name of the narrow inferior 1/3 of the uterus?

cervix

What structures are connected by the ovarian ligament?

connects the *ovary* to the lateral side of the *uterus*

What is the histology of the endometrium from deep to superficial

deep (next to myometrium) = basilar zone functional zone (has the endodmetrial glands)

Describe the course of the ovarian artery

direct branch of the AA below the renal artery enters the suspensory ligament and runs towards the ovaries *laterally*

Where is the external cervix?

distal to the external os --in the superior portion of the vagina

The vaginal arteries are branches of __________

either branch of the uterine artery or come directly off the internal iliac artery

What layer of the uterine wall changes with the menstrual cycle?

endometrium

Where in the uterus does a blastocyst implant if fertilization occur?

endometrium

what sheds during menstruation?

endometrium

Where are oocytes typically fertilized?

fallopian tubes

T/F The ovaries are covered by peritoneum

false

T/F The ovarian ligament attaches to the uterus superiorly to the attachment of the fallopian tube

false --connects just below where the fallopian tube joins the uterus

T/F The ovarian artery is posterior to the ureter

false --located anteriorly as they travel laterally after branching off the aorta

What is the clinical significance of the cul-de-sac?

fluid in the peritoneal cavity can collect here it can be used to detect cells from malignancy

Where does the endocervical canal run?

from the internal os on the inner end of the cervix to the external os on the outer end of the cervix

What portion of the endometrium respond to hormones?

functional zone

What portion of the endometrium does implantation occur?

functional zone sloughs off if fertilization doesn't occur

What layer of the endometrium responds to hormonal changes and sloughs off during menstruation?

functional zone NOT the basilar zone

What is the rounded superior portion of the uterus?

fundus

What are the portions of the uterus?

fundus, body, isthmus, cervix

What type of epithelium forms the single layer of cuboidal cells that covers the outer layer of the ovary?

germinal epithelium

What portion of the fallopian tube is closest to the ovary?

infundibulum (egg picked up the the fimbriae)

What is the most distal portion of the fallopian tube, that catches the eggs?

infundibulum (has the fimbriae)

The uterine artery is a branch off the ____________

internal iliac arteries

Where does the uterine vein drain into?

internal iliac vein

What is the landmark where the composition of the lining of the uterus changes?

internal os superior--endometrial glands and stroma inferior--endocervix

What are the portions of the cervical canal?

internal os--narrowing inside the isthmus external os--external opening of the uterus that's continuous with the vagina

What is the arterial supply of most of the skin, external genitalia, and perineal muscles?

internal pudendal artery

What is the opening of the vagina?

introitus

What portion of the fallopian tube is closest to the uterus?

isthmus

What portion of the uterus separates the body from the cervix?

isthmus

What are the vestibular bulbs?

masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal entrance act like corpus spongiousum

What division of the broad ligament attaches the fallopian tubes?

mesosalpinx

What subdivision of the broad ligament suspends the ovaries in the abdominal cavity?

mesovarium

What is the thickest wall of the uterus?

myometrium

What layer of the uterine wall grows (thickens) during pregnancy?

myometrium (the muscle)

What is the histology of the vagina?

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What are the female gametes?

oocytes

Where are the oocytes formed in the ovaries?

ovarian stroma *cortex*

What is the venous drainage of the ovary?

pampiniform plexus --> ovarian vein

Where is the fornix located?

part of the vagina that wraps around where the exo/vaginal cervix sticks out --anterior, posterior, and lateral portions

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall from most superficial to deep (lining the inside cavity)?

perimetrium--outside serous layer of thin connective tissue myometrium--middle layer of smooth muscle endometrium--inner mucous coat that is attached to the myometrium

Where does the ovarian ligament attach the ovary to the uterus in relationship to the uterotubal junction (where fallopian tube connects)?

posteriorinferior

Where do the right and left ovarian veins drain into?

right--directly into the IVC left--drains into left renal vein

What structure restricts posterior movement of the uterus (keeps it ante-verted)?

round ligament

What female structure travels through the inguinal canal?

round ligament (of the uterus)

What are the cardinal ligaments?

run from the supravaginal cervix and the lateral parts of the fornix of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis

What type of epithelium lines the inner portion of the fallopian tubes?

simple columnar ciliated epithelium --has mucous-secreting cells

What is the histology of the lining of the endocervical canal?

simple columnar mucous secreting epithelium

What are the branches of the radial arteries that supply the functional zone of the endometrium?

spiral arteries

What are the branches of the radial arteries that supply the basilar zone of the endometrium?

straight arteries

What is the histology of the external cervix?

stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

What is the name of the extension of the broad ligament that contains the ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves?

suspensory ligament of the ovary --this also keeps the ovaries attaches to the abdominal wall

What is the uterine ostium?

the opening of the fallopian tube into the uterus

What are the uterine horns?

the points where the uterus and the fallopian tubes meet

Where we do take a sample from during a pap smear?

transformation zone of the endocervical canal

T/F The basilar zone of the endometrium doesn't respond to hormonal changes

true

T/F The cervix extends into the superior portion of the vagina

true

T/F The fallopian tubes arch anterior and superior to the ovaries

true

T/F The normal position of the uterus is ante-verted (tipped forward) and ante-flexed (flexed anteriorly relative to the cervix)

true

T/F The ovarian arteries cross anterior to the external iliac vessels at the pelvic brim to enter the suspensory ligament

true

T/F The ovaries are located laterally to the uterus

true

T/F The round ligament of the uterus is encased within the broad ligament

true

T/F The round ligament of the uterus runs through the broad ligament

true

T/F The uterine glands are located within the functional zone of the endometrium and secrete the mucous of the uterus

true

T/F The uterine ostium is inferior to the fundus

true

T/F When an oocyte is expelled from the ovary, it enters the peritoneal cavity before it gets caught up by the fimbriae of the infundibulum

true

T/F the epithelium of the vagina is affected by the ovarian cycle

true

T/F the inferior part of the endometrium is continuous with the endocervical canal

true

T/F the middle and inferior portion of the vagina are supplied by vaginal arteries and internal pudendal arteries

true

T/F the superior portion of the vagina is supplied by branches of the uterine arteries

true

T/F the myometrium responds to hormones

true responds to hormones during pregnancy to grow causes it to contract during delivery

T/F: The wall of the fallopian tube has concentric layers of smooth muscle

true --helps to move the oocyte to the uterus

The ovarian artery terminates by branching into _________ and ________ branches

tubal (supplies fallopian tubes) ovarian

What is the name of the connective tissue capsule that covers the ovary, deep to the germinal epithelium?

tunica albuginea

What is the innervation of the vagina?

upper 2/3 = autonomic lower 1/3 = somatic --pudendal nerve from S2-S4

The branches of the ovarian artery anastomose with ascending branches of the ___________ artery to supply the entire ovary

uterine arteries

What is the arterial supply of the uterus?

uterine arteries

What is the venous drainage of the uterus?

uterine venous plexus --> uterine vein

What is the name of the hollow muscular organ where a fertilized ovum gets implanted and the fetus develops?

uterus

What is the position of the uterus when a women in NOT pregnant?

uterus folds over the bladder the cervix sits between the urinary bladder and the rectum

What are the two surfaces of the uterus and what are they in contact with?

vesical surface--bladder intestinal surface--rectum

What is the clinical significance of the transformation zone?

where metaplastic changes occur between endo and exo cervix the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix changes to squamous epithelium *area of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma*


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