Female reproductive system
explain the difference in the timing of mitosis between males and females
mitosis in males is exact copies made for sperm before they under go meiosis when fertilized mitosis in females is present in the eggs
explain how nutrient and waste exchange occur in the placenta
mother and fetus share nutrient and waste exchange through the umbilical cord
uterus
muscular organ located between bladder and rectum
vagina
muscular tube that stretches to the vulva
which layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle of the uterus
myometrium
cervix
narrow inferior portion of the uterus
where does the sperm have to travel through to reach the egg
sperm travels up the vagina reaches secondary oocyte travels up the cervix into the uterus
how does a spermocyte move through the vas defernes
spermocyte passed through vas defers to the ejaculatory duct
how does an oocyte move through a fallopian tube
an oocyte moves through by cilia
polar body
one cell receives little and becomes nonfunctional polar body that is eventually reabsorbed
ovulation stage of ovarian cycle
oocyte released into fallopian tube during ovulation oozy secreted
how has the fertilized egg changed in the 7 days it takes to reach and implant in the uterus
rapid mitosis forms hollow ball of cells
why do seem undergo mitosis before beginning meiosis
they have to make exact copies before they can make half for fertilization
what is tubal ligation and how does it affect female reproduction what is spaying
tubal ligation is cutting and tieing fallopian tube spaying removes ovaries
follicular stage of ovarian cycle
follicle develops oocyte released secretes estrogen
why is the placenta a blood barrier
makes sure mothers blood does not mix with fetus blood
ovum
mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization from a male
how are the end products of meiosis different with spermatogenesis and oogenesis
meiosis in spermogensis creates 23 chromosomes in a sperm to meet an egg cell. in oogenesis it only occurs to the egg cell when it is fertilized and begins to grow
explain the difference between what is produced in meiosis and mitosis
meiosis is a haploid cell and mitosis is diploid cells
what changes between the formation of a zygote and implantation of a blastocyst
23 chromosomes combine into one nucleus forming a diploid zygote. zygote will take up to 7 days to reach uterus undergo rapid mitosis creating blastocyte
proliferative stage of uterine cycle
estrogen levels begin to rise new follicle develops in ovary estrogen secreted
changes that occur during the ovarian cycle
The ovarian cycle refers to the series of changes in the ovary during which the follicle matures, the ovum is shed, and the corpus luteum develops. The follicular phase describes the development of the follicle in response to follicle stimulation hormone (FSH). As luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH levels increase they stimulate ovulation, or the release of a mature oocyte into the fallopian tubes. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms on the ovary and secretes many hormones, most significantly progesterone, which makes the endometrium of the uterus ready for implantation of an embryo. If implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum will be degraded, resulting in menstruation. If implantation occurs the corpus luteum is maintained.
changes that occur during the uterine cycle
The uterine cycle includes the increase in the endometrium in preparation for implantation and the shedding of the lining following lack of implantation, termed menstruation. Menstrual cycles are counted from the first day of menstrual bleeding. Endometrial thickening is stimulated by the increasing amount of estrogen in the follicular phase. If implantation does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels drop, which stimulates menstruation.
oocyte
cell in an ovary that may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum
follicular cells
cells in fallopian tube
how does the ovum travel down the fallopian tubes if it has no flagella
cilia in the fallopian tube move it through
menses stage of uterine cycle
corpus legume egenerates estrogen and progesterone decrease lining and blood secreted
secretory stage of uterine cycle
corpus leutum secretes uterine gland fluid secreted
ovaries contain hundred of follicles. what is found inside each follicle
each of these structures consists of a single large cell called a primary oocyte
which lining is replaced monthly of the uterus?
endometrium
three layers of the uterus from inner to outer
endometrium, myometrium, perimentirum
fallopian tubes
oocytes are moved towards the uterus through the fallopian tube by the movement of cilia and peristalsis
what occurs in the female reproductive system before birth? what doesnt until puberty?
oogenesis-making of eggs ovulation- begins at puberty
when would be the most fertile time of the menstrual cycle for a sperm
ovulation
menstruation
process in a women of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause or pregnancy
luteal stage of ovarian cycle
remaining follicle cells multiple to produce corpus legume secretes progesterone
ovulation
will be released into the fallopian tube during ovulation cycle start at puberty age 11-12 ends until menopause 47-50