Female reproductive system

explain the difference in the timing of mitosis between males and females

mitosis in males is exact copies made for sperm before they under go meiosis when fertilized mitosis in females is present in the eggs

explain how nutrient and waste exchange occur in the placenta

mother and fetus share nutrient and waste exchange through the umbilical cord

uterus

muscular organ located between bladder and rectum

vagina

muscular tube that stretches to the vulva

which layer of the uterus contains smooth muscle of the uterus

myometrium

cervix

narrow inferior portion of the uterus

where does the sperm have to travel through to reach the egg

sperm travels up the vagina reaches secondary oocyte travels up the cervix into the uterus

how does a spermocyte move through the vas defernes

spermocyte passed through vas defers to the ejaculatory duct

how does an oocyte move through a fallopian tube

an oocyte moves through by cilia

polar body

one cell receives little and becomes nonfunctional polar body that is eventually reabsorbed

ovulation stage of ovarian cycle

oocyte released into fallopian tube during ovulation oozy secreted

how has the fertilized egg changed in the 7 days it takes to reach and implant in the uterus

rapid mitosis forms hollow ball of cells

why do seem undergo mitosis before beginning meiosis

they have to make exact copies before they can make half for fertilization

what is tubal ligation and how does it affect female reproduction what is spaying

tubal ligation is cutting and tieing fallopian tube spaying removes ovaries

follicular stage of ovarian cycle

follicle develops oocyte released secretes estrogen

why is the placenta a blood barrier

makes sure mothers blood does not mix with fetus blood

ovum

mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization from a male

how are the end products of meiosis different with spermatogenesis and oogenesis

meiosis in spermogensis creates 23 chromosomes in a sperm to meet an egg cell. in oogenesis it only occurs to the egg cell when it is fertilized and begins to grow

explain the difference between what is produced in meiosis and mitosis

meiosis is a haploid cell and mitosis is diploid cells

what changes between the formation of a zygote and implantation of a blastocyst

23 chromosomes combine into one nucleus forming a diploid zygote. zygote will take up to 7 days to reach uterus undergo rapid mitosis creating blastocyte

proliferative stage of uterine cycle

estrogen levels begin to rise new follicle develops in ovary estrogen secreted

changes that occur during the ovarian cycle

The ovarian cycle refers to the series of changes in the ovary during which the follicle matures, the ovum is shed, and the corpus luteum develops. The follicular phase describes the development of the follicle in response to follicle stimulation hormone (FSH). As luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH levels increase they stimulate ovulation, or the release of a mature oocyte into the fallopian tubes. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms on the ovary and secretes many hormones, most significantly progesterone, which makes the endometrium of the uterus ready for implantation of an embryo. If implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum will be degraded, resulting in menstruation. If implantation occurs the corpus luteum is maintained.

changes that occur during the uterine cycle

The uterine cycle includes the increase in the endometrium in preparation for implantation and the shedding of the lining following lack of implantation, termed menstruation. Menstrual cycles are counted from the first day of menstrual bleeding. Endometrial thickening is stimulated by the increasing amount of estrogen in the follicular phase. If implantation does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels drop, which stimulates menstruation.

oocyte

cell in an ovary that may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum

follicular cells

cells in fallopian tube

how does the ovum travel down the fallopian tubes if it has no flagella

cilia in the fallopian tube move it through

menses stage of uterine cycle

corpus legume egenerates estrogen and progesterone decrease lining and blood secreted

secretory stage of uterine cycle

corpus leutum secretes uterine gland fluid secreted

ovaries contain hundred of follicles. what is found inside each follicle

each of these structures consists of a single large cell called a primary oocyte

which lining is replaced monthly of the uterus?

endometrium

three layers of the uterus from inner to outer

endometrium, myometrium, perimentirum

fallopian tubes

oocytes are moved towards the uterus through the fallopian tube by the movement of cilia and peristalsis

what occurs in the female reproductive system before birth? what doesnt until puberty?

oogenesis-making of eggs ovulation- begins at puberty

when would be the most fertile time of the menstrual cycle for a sperm

ovulation

menstruation

process in a women of discharging blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus at intervals of about one lunar month from puberty until menopause or pregnancy

luteal stage of ovarian cycle

remaining follicle cells multiple to produce corpus legume secretes progesterone

ovulation

will be released into the fallopian tube during ovulation cycle start at puberty age 11-12 ends until menopause 47-50