Female reproductive system Part 2

polythelia

accessory nipples

lactiferous ducts

milk ducts which carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple

Identify the layer and organ

endometrium of uterus inner lining of the uterus lost during Day 1 to Day 6 of menstrual cycle Then endometrium building up again in anticipation of the fertilized egg that implant as a blastocyst about 7 days after fertilization.

Parts of the uterus?

fundus body cervix (neck)

cervical mucus

mucus, the consistency of which varies around the menstrual cycle, secreted by glands in the cervix dry/tacky/thick CM - not fertile Creamy/sticky CM Not fertile Cloudy/stretchy CM - semi fertile Watery/Stretchy egg white - most fertile

stratum basalis of endometrium

permanent layer - builds the functional layer after each menstruation

oral contraceptives

pills high in progestin inhibits FSH, LH prevents ovulation

polymastia

presence of more than 2 breasts

What lines the vagina?

stratified squamous epithelium (non -keratinized) lamina propria fibrous

Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

stratum functionalis of the endometrium Also the site where fertilized egg implants

What is the uterus?

the hollow, muscular organ located between the urinary bladder and rectum nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth

What are the four components of the oviduct?

Infundibulum (adjacent to ovary, fimbria located here) Ampulla (longest segment, site fertilization) Isthmus (narrow segment near uterus) Interstitial segment Uterine (~1cm near uterine wall)

fallopian/oviduct/uterine tube

Lumen Muscular layer Mucosal folds ridges and grooves

Structure and function of breast

Modified sweat gland Lactiferous 12-15 glands in each breast 1. modified sweat glands' 2. lobes groups each group with duct that opens independently to surface of nipple

What does Chlamydia infection cause in fallopian tube?

Mucosal folds to fuse which affects cilia movement

What is the epithelium of the oviduct mucosa and the two different cell types?

Simple columnar 1. Ciliated 2. Peg cells (non-ciliated): secrete nutrients for ovum LP

adult breast non pregnant

contain well developed ducts connective tissue scanty secretory units adipose

myoepithelial cells in the breast

contract the glandular cells in the breast to squeeze milk (OXYTOCIN)

mamary gland structure

coope ligaments - stretch with age nipple areola - have sebaceous glands montgomery tubercles (in pregnancy secrete oil to protect nipple during breast feeding

breast/mammary glands

function to secrete milk. The breast tissue is composed of glandular milk-producing fatty, and fibrous tissue.

What are 6 ways the atretic follicles can be removed?

1. Apoptosis of granulosa cells 2. Invasion of stratum granulosa by macrophages, neutrophils and vascularized CT 3. Sloughing of granulosa cells into follicle antrum 4. Hypertrophy of t. lutein cells 5. Follicles collapse 6. Invasion of CT into antrum

What are the 3 layers of the oviduct?

1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal) 3. Serosa

What are the five different ovarian follicles?

1. Primordial 2. Unilaminar primary 3. Multilaminar primary 4. Secondary/Antral 5. Mature/Graafian

What are the 2 chief layers of the endometrium?

1. stratum functionalis (functional layer) undergoes cyclic changes in response to blood levels of ovarian hormones 2. stratum basalis (basal layer)

When does ovulation occur in the menstrual period?

14th day

Vagina

A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body relatively thin tube 8-10 cm in length btw rectum and bladder low ph acidic walls of vagina secrete slippery fluid comes from blood plasma during sex

What does the cortex and medulla contain in the ovary?

Cortex- ovarian follicles and highly cellular CT Medulla- loose CT, coiled BV, lymphatics and nerves

What is the histological structure of the ovary?

Cortex/medulla with a hilus

What type of epithelium does the ovary contain?

Cuboidal germinal epithelium

What are the crypts?

Found in the cervix they are mucous producing glands where sperm can hide site of papanicolaou pap smear

What are two major functions of the ovary?

Gamete and steroid production

Where does the secondary oocyte enter post ovulation______________________; Directed by Finger-like extensions called ______________________

Oviduct/Fimbrae

Endometrium

Provides protection and nourishment

uterus cross section

Se - serousa My myometrium En - endometrium Lu - lumen Bv - blood vessels arrows are pointing to uterine glands

Cervix

The opening near the vagina. External os = opening where semen is deposited during intercourse Internal os =opens into uterine cavity

What is the dense IR CT of the ovary called?

Tunica albuginea

changes in female breast

progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy promote gland growth (placenta) prolactin promote lactation active milk secretion (ant. pit) oxytocin promotes milk ejection (post. pit._

If no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will degenerate to corpus albicans which later

reabsorbs into stroma

ampulla

site of fertilization

arteries in endometrium of the uterus

spiral - functional straight - basal

What does progesterone do to maintain functional layer?

typically progesterone promotes uterine gland formation maintains blood supply in the functional layer Loss of progesterone, CL degenerates, Blood vessels at this layer begin to constrict blocking of blood supply, shedding of layer commence

In the Oviduct: Mucosal cilia on ridges and mucous like substance from the secretory cells move ovum towards the ______________________/Mucosal cilia on grooves move sperm towards the _____________________

uterus/ovaries