Female reproductive system Part 2
polythelia
accessory nipples
lactiferous ducts
milk ducts which carry milk from the mammary glands to the nipple
Identify the layer and organ
endometrium of uterus inner lining of the uterus lost during Day 1 to Day 6 of menstrual cycle Then endometrium building up again in anticipation of the fertilized egg that implant as a blastocyst about 7 days after fertilization.
Parts of the uterus?
fundus body cervix (neck)
cervical mucus
mucus, the consistency of which varies around the menstrual cycle, secreted by glands in the cervix dry/tacky/thick CM - not fertile Creamy/sticky CM Not fertile Cloudy/stretchy CM - semi fertile Watery/Stretchy egg white - most fertile
stratum basalis of endometrium
permanent layer - builds the functional layer after each menstruation
oral contraceptives
pills high in progestin inhibits FSH, LH prevents ovulation
polymastia
presence of more than 2 breasts
What lines the vagina?
stratified squamous epithelium (non -keratinized) lamina propria fibrous
Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
stratum functionalis of the endometrium Also the site where fertilized egg implants
What is the uterus?
the hollow, muscular organ located between the urinary bladder and rectum nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth
What are the four components of the oviduct?
Infundibulum (adjacent to ovary, fimbria located here) Ampulla (longest segment, site fertilization) Isthmus (narrow segment near uterus) Interstitial segment Uterine (~1cm near uterine wall)
fallopian/oviduct/uterine tube
Lumen Muscular layer Mucosal folds ridges and grooves
Structure and function of breast
Modified sweat gland Lactiferous 12-15 glands in each breast 1. modified sweat glands' 2. lobes groups each group with duct that opens independently to surface of nipple
What does Chlamydia infection cause in fallopian tube?
Mucosal folds to fuse which affects cilia movement
What is the epithelium of the oviduct mucosa and the two different cell types?
Simple columnar 1. Ciliated 2. Peg cells (non-ciliated): secrete nutrients for ovum LP
adult breast non pregnant
contain well developed ducts connective tissue scanty secretory units adipose
myoepithelial cells in the breast
contract the glandular cells in the breast to squeeze milk (OXYTOCIN)
mamary gland structure
coope ligaments - stretch with age nipple areola - have sebaceous glands montgomery tubercles (in pregnancy secrete oil to protect nipple during breast feeding
breast/mammary glands
function to secrete milk. The breast tissue is composed of glandular milk-producing fatty, and fibrous tissue.
What are 6 ways the atretic follicles can be removed?
1. Apoptosis of granulosa cells 2. Invasion of stratum granulosa by macrophages, neutrophils and vascularized CT 3. Sloughing of granulosa cells into follicle antrum 4. Hypertrophy of t. lutein cells 5. Follicles collapse 6. Invasion of CT into antrum
What are the 3 layers of the oviduct?
1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis (inner circular, outer longitudinal) 3. Serosa
What are the five different ovarian follicles?
1. Primordial 2. Unilaminar primary 3. Multilaminar primary 4. Secondary/Antral 5. Mature/Graafian
What are the 2 chief layers of the endometrium?
1. stratum functionalis (functional layer) undergoes cyclic changes in response to blood levels of ovarian hormones 2. stratum basalis (basal layer)
When does ovulation occur in the menstrual period?
14th day
Vagina
A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body relatively thin tube 8-10 cm in length btw rectum and bladder low ph acidic walls of vagina secrete slippery fluid comes from blood plasma during sex
What does the cortex and medulla contain in the ovary?
Cortex- ovarian follicles and highly cellular CT Medulla- loose CT, coiled BV, lymphatics and nerves
What is the histological structure of the ovary?
Cortex/medulla with a hilus
What type of epithelium does the ovary contain?
Cuboidal germinal epithelium
What are the crypts?
Found in the cervix they are mucous producing glands where sperm can hide site of papanicolaou pap smear
What are two major functions of the ovary?
Gamete and steroid production
Where does the secondary oocyte enter post ovulation______________________; Directed by Finger-like extensions called ______________________
Oviduct/Fimbrae
Endometrium
Provides protection and nourishment
uterus cross section
Se - serousa My myometrium En - endometrium Lu - lumen Bv - blood vessels arrows are pointing to uterine glands
Cervix
The opening near the vagina. External os = opening where semen is deposited during intercourse Internal os =opens into uterine cavity
What is the dense IR CT of the ovary called?
Tunica albuginea
changes in female breast
progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy promote gland growth (placenta) prolactin promote lactation active milk secretion (ant. pit) oxytocin promotes milk ejection (post. pit._
If no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will degenerate to corpus albicans which later
reabsorbs into stroma
ampulla
site of fertilization
arteries in endometrium of the uterus
spiral - functional straight - basal
What does progesterone do to maintain functional layer?
typically progesterone promotes uterine gland formation maintains blood supply in the functional layer Loss of progesterone, CL degenerates, Blood vessels at this layer begin to constrict blocking of blood supply, shedding of layer commence
In the Oviduct: Mucosal cilia on ridges and mucous like substance from the secretory cells move ovum towards the ______________________/Mucosal cilia on grooves move sperm towards the _____________________
uterus/ovaries