Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Questions
The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
Caudal regression syndrome
Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all the following except SCT Meningocele Meningomyelocele Phocomeningocele
Phocomeningocele
All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except S-Shaped spine Banana Sign Lemon Sign Colpocephaly
S-Shaped spine
Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except Frontal bossing Flattening nasal bridge Trident hand Absent mineralization of the skull
Absent mineralization of the skull
The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as
Acoustic Shadowing
The form of inheritance inwhich at least on parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is:
Autosomal Dominant
Talipes equinovarus is associated with
Clubfoot
The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the
Massa intermedia
All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except
Multiple dislocated joints
The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is
Sandal Gap
Rhizomelia denotes
Shortening of the prox segment of a limb
What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohyramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities
Sirenomelia
What term is defined as fusion of the digits
Syndactyly
All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except Amputation of fetal parts Anencephaly Facial Clefting Synechiea
Synechiae
Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot
The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia fibula
A protein producedby the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is
AFP
A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
Achondroplasia
THe most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is
Achondroplasia
The disorder associated with fetal amputations is
Amniotic band syndrome
The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexist with spina bifida is referred to as
Arnold-Chiari Syndrome
What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?
Arthrogryposis
In VACTERL association, the letter C stands for
Cardiac
An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as
Caudal regression syndrome
The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as
Colpocephaly
All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except
Decreased MSAFP
All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except
Elevated MSAFP
All of the following are associated with spina bifida except Splaying of the laminae Enlarged posterior fossa Lemon Sign Banana Sign
Enlarged Posterior Fossa
What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?
Folate
What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?
Hemivertebra
In VACTERL association, the letter L stands for
Limb
Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28 week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes
Phocomelia
Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?
Preexisting maternal diabetes
Absence of the radius is referred to as
Radial Ray Defect
The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as
Scoliosis
A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with
Thanatophoric dysplasia
The lemon sign denotes
an abnormal shape of the fetal skull
Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as
mermaid syndrome
All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except
normal MSAFP