Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Questions

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx

Caudal regression syndrome

Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all the following except SCT Meningocele Meningomyelocele Phocomeningocele

Phocomeningocele

All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except S-Shaped spine Banana Sign Lemon Sign Colpocephaly

S-Shaped spine

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except Frontal bossing Flattening nasal bridge Trident hand Absent mineralization of the skull

Absent mineralization of the skull

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as

Acoustic Shadowing

The form of inheritance inwhich at least on parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is:

Autosomal Dominant

Talipes equinovarus is associated with

Clubfoot

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the

Massa intermedia

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except

Multiple dislocated joints

The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is

Sandal Gap

Rhizomelia denotes

Shortening of the prox segment of a limb

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohyramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities

Sirenomelia

What term is defined as fusion of the digits

Syndactyly

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except Amputation of fetal parts Anencephaly Facial Clefting Synechiea

Synechiae

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot

The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia fibula

A protein producedby the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is

AFP

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is

Achondroplasia

THe most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is

Achondroplasia

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is

Amniotic band syndrome

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexist with spina bifida is referred to as

Arnold-Chiari Syndrome

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?

Arthrogryposis

In VACTERL association, the letter C stands for

Cardiac

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as

Caudal regression syndrome

The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as

Colpocephaly

All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except

Decreased MSAFP

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except

Elevated MSAFP

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except Splaying of the laminae Enlarged posterior fossa Lemon Sign Banana Sign

Enlarged Posterior Fossa

What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?

Folate

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?

Hemivertebra

In VACTERL association, the letter L stands for

Limb

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28 week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes

Phocomelia

Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?

Preexisting maternal diabetes

Absence of the radius is referred to as

Radial Ray Defect

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as

Scoliosis

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with

Thanatophoric dysplasia

The lemon sign denotes

an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as

mermaid syndrome

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except

normal MSAFP