FINAL 2
In comparison to cones, rods:
Are more sensitive to dim light
The bipolar cells send their messages to ____, located closer to the center of the eye.
Ganglion cells
In humans, the optic nerves from the two eyes follow what pathway?
Half of the axons from each eye cross to the other side at the optic chiasm
How do the retinas of predatory birds, such as hawks, differ from the retinas of prey species, such as rats?
Hawks have greater density of receptors on the top half of their retinas than do rats
How does light excite a rod or cone?
It converts 11-cis-reitnal into all-trans-retinal
What is the perception of a sound wave called?
Loudness
Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?
More receptors in the periphery of than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.
Magnocellular cells are to ____ as parvocelluar cells are to_____
Movement; color
___ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.
Photopigments
Which of the following characterizes the blind spot?
There are no receptors there.
Cells in the retina that provide connections among themselves as well as with bipolar and ganglion cells are known as:
amacrine cells
What is the intensity of a sound wave called?
amplitude
What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?
bar in a particular orientation
Light from above our heads strikes the
bottom half of the retina
The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.
frequency
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochela causes
hair cells to displace
An ____ cell has a strong inhibitory area at one end of its bar-shaped receptive field
hypercomplex
which of the following has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces?
inferior temporal cortex
Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?
lateral geniculate and superior colliculus
the enhancement of contrast at the edge is the result of:
lateral inhibition in the retina
Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex it:
may return to the primary visual cortex
In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that responds to:
mechanical displacement
Ganglion cells near the fovea in humans and other primates are called ___ ganglion cells
midget
which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
opponent-process theory
According to the trichromatic theory of vision
our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones.
The tympanic membrane occurs to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the :
oval window
the pathway associated with integrating vision and movement progresses from the occipital cortex to the
parietal cortex
Color perception depends MOSTLY on the:
parvocellular pathway
The receptive field of a receptor is the
point in space from which light strikes the receptor
Damage to the fusiform gyrus of the inferior temporal cortex results in
prospagnosia
Stimulating a receptor leads to either excitation or inhibition of a particular neuron; the receptor is part of that neuron's
receptive field
Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect
retinal disparity
The stirrup makes the oval window vibrate at the entrance to the?
scala vestibuli
If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus on which part of your retina?
the fovea
All of the following are reasons why the fovea is well suited for highly detailed vision EXCEPT:
the optic nerve connects there
the eardrum vibrates at:
the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it.
At the level of rods and cones the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells ____ the theory seems to fit best
thichromatic; opponent process
The primary visual cortex sends its information:
to area V2
an inability to recognize objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called:
visual agnosia
According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by
which neurons are active