FINAL: 6

**MC6-7. Digestion of protein begins in the: Mouth Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Stomach

MC6-26. Negative nitrogen balance occurs in: Growing children Lactating women Pregnant women Surgery patients

Surgery patients

TF6-11. When dietary protein is inadequate, body protein is broken down faster to replenish the amino acid pool, which can lead to a loss of essential body tissue. True False

True

TF6-33. Vegan is the most limiting form of vegetarianism. True False

True

TF6-34. Adequate energy intake spares dietary and body proteins so they can be used for protein synthesis. True False

True

FB6-3. Just as glucose is the basic building block of carbohydrates, [term1] are the basic building blocks of protein.

amino acids

TF6-21 Amino acids are not similar in size, shape, or composition, but are similar in pH and electrical charge. True False

False

TF6-3. Just as glucose is the basic building block of carbohydrates, peptide are the basic building blocks of protein. True False

False

TF6-36. It is not considered risky for a person to take large amounts of one particular amino acid. True False

False

TF6-8. Protease is an enzyme that breakdown protein into fatty acids and amino acids. True False

False

MC6-38. Calculate the recommended protein intake for an adult woman who weighs 128 pounds. 38g 46g 53g 58g

46

MC6-38. Calculate the recommended protein intake for an adult woman who weighs 130 pounds. 47g 53g 65g 104g

47g

MC6-39. Calculate the recommended protein intake for an adult man who weighs 190 pounds. 58g 69g 82g 152g

69

MC6-39. Calculate the recommended protein intake for an adult man who weighs 242 pounds. 58g 66g 88g 97g

88

MC6-28. An example of a good complementary food combination is: Oatmeal and sunflower seeds An English muffin and granola A whole-wheat bagel and peanut butter Tofu and soy beans

A whole-wheat bagel and peanut butter

MC6-13. The amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for new protein synthesis are called: Protein neurotransmitters Amino acid pool Complete proteins Incomplete proteins

Amino acid pool

MC6-24. The role of enzymes in the small intestine during protein digestion is to split proteins into: Carbon-carbon double bonds Oligopeptides Amino acids and small peptides Enzymes and hormones

Amino acids and small peptides

FB6-9. During protein synthesis, if an _____ amino acid is missing, the body may break its own protein down to supply the missing amino acid. If the missing amino acid is unavailable, protein synthesis halts, and the partially completed protein is broken down into individual_____ for use elsewhere in the body.

Essential Amino Acid

TF6-1. When the diet lacks protein, the body breaks down tissue, such as muscle, and uses it as a protein source. This causes loss, or hypertrophy, of muscles, organs, and other tissues. True False

False

TF6-20. Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition resulting from chronic inadequate consumption of protein and energy that is characterized by wasting of muscle, fat, and other body tissue. True False

False

MA6-29. Select the those values that are/is NOT low in a poorly planned vegetarian diet. Calcium Folate Zinc Vitamin B 12 Vitamin D Vitamin A Omega-3 fatty acids

Folate Vitamin A

MC6-23. Chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called: Peptides Catalysts Hormones Transport proteins

Hormones

MC6-19. A protein deficiency resulting in swelling of the body tissue, usually in the feet and legs is known as: Marasmus Kwashiorkor Ketosis Rickets

Kwashiorkor

MC6-16. The amino acid present in the smallest amount relative to biological needs is called the: Nonessential amino acid Limiting amino acid Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score Protein hydrolysate

Limiting amino acid

MA6-4. Select each of the correct answers. Our bodies use protein for various functions such as replacing skin cells, producing antibodies to fight infections, and assisting in the essential body processes of: Maintaining water balance Transport nutrients Muscle contractions Hearing and eyesight

Maintaining water balance Transport nutrients Muscle contractions

MC6-27. A severely ill person would likely have which of the following nitrogen balances? Positive Zero Negative Inactive

Negative

MC6-18. Nutritional areas of concern for vegetarian children does NOT include: Providing an adequate iron intake Obtaining sufficient vitamin D and calcium Having food in an appropriate form and combination to ensure that nutrients can be digested and absorbed by all children Providing sufficient energy and nutrients for normal growth Identifying adequate sources of vitamin B12 to prevent deficiencies Ensuring a plentiful supply of short chain fatty acids from nonmeat sources, such as seeds and nuts and fortified foods None of the above

None of the above

MC6-17. Which protein quality assessment is used to determine the protein quality of most foods? Protein efficiency ratio Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) Net protein utilization Biological value

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

MC6-10. The constant recycling of proteins in the body is known as: Amino acid pool Protein turnover Positive nitrogen balance Negative nitrogen balance

Protein turnover

MC6-31. What is the consequence of inadequate energy intake as it relates to protein synthesis, or how our body uses protein for energy production. Spares dietary and body proteins for protein synthesis The body burns dietary protein for energy

The body burns dietary protein for energy

MC6-2. Which of the following best describes nonessential amino acid? They are amino acids that can be manufactured in the body when enough nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are available. They are amino acids that are found only in plant proteins. They are amino acids that cannot be made in the body and must be obtained from the diet. They are amino acids that your body makes under normal circumstances, but when one has certain deficiencies and disorders, the body can no longer produce them and they must be obtained from the diet.

They are amino acids that can be manufactured in the body when enough nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are available.

TF6-41. Although diets high in protein have been suggested to contribute to kidney problems, osteoporosis, heart disease, and cancer, the Food and Nutrition Board believes the evidence to support these links was not strong enough to set a UL for protein. True False

True

TF6-5. One possible consequence of eating too little protein in your diet is that your body cannot make as many antibodies as it needs and therefore your immune response is weakened and your risk of infection and illness increases. True False

True

MA6-18. Nutritional areas of concern for vegetarian children does include: Providing an adequate iron intake Obtaining sufficient vitamin D and calcium Having food in an appropriate form and combination to ensure that nutrients can be digested and absorbed by all children Providing sufficient energy and nutrients for normal growth Identifying adequate sources of vitamin B12 to prevent deficiencies Ensuring a plentiful supply of long chain fatty acids from nonmeat sources, such as seeds and nuts and fortified foods

all

MC6-12. Breakdown of an amino acid yields an amino group (-NH2). This NH2 molecule is unstable and is quickly converted to ___, which is toxic to cells and is therefore expelled into the bloodstream as a waste product and is carried to the __, where the amino group and an ammonia group react with carbon dioxide through a series of reactions known collectively as the urea cycle to produce urea and ___. carbon; kidney; water carbon; liver; hydrogen ammonia; kidney; hydrogen ammonia; liver; water

ammonia; liver; water

MC6-9. During protein synthesis, if an ___ amino acid is missing, the body may break its own protein down to supply the missing amino acid. If the missing amino acid is unavailable, protein synthesis halts, and the partially completed protein is broken down into individual ____ for use elsewhere in the body. nonessential; amino acid essential; amino acid nonessential; peptide essential; peptide

essential; amino acid

TF6-34. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. If you eat more protein than your body needs, it turns to usable energy, but excrete all excess. True False

false

MATCH6-40. Connect the vegetarian diets, lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, and vegan diets to the best description. Eliminate animal products to various degrees Include milk and eggs in their diets Eat no animal foods

vegetarian Lacto-ovo-vegetarian vegans