FINAL 8: (Remainder) Public Opinion, The Media

fact that individuals will often quickly form opinions in response to current events by using their emotions as a guide.

"Affective intelligence" refers to the...

the American system of government includes arrangements, such as an appointed judiciary, which may produce policy decisions that run contrary to prevailing popular sentiment

An important reason for why public policy and public opinion may not coincide in the United States is that

56 percent

Based on recent polling data, what percentage of Americans is worried about government monitoring of personal information?

False

Because of their dependence on government sources, the news media are unable to set the agenda of debate

democratic socialist; libertarian

Bernie Sanders is best described as a _________, while Rand Paul is best described as a ________.

False

Broadcast and print media tend to orient their reporting to issues of interest to the lower middle class

True

Calling randomly selected phone numbers is a good way for pollsters to reduce sampling errors

person's family.

A person's political party preference is primarily acquired through the influence of the...

a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government

A political ideology is best defined as...

the bandwagon effect

If I decide to support a candidate because I see that he or she is the front-runner in a poll, I become an example of

watchdog

If a number of newspapers published stories exposing an elected official's acceptance of monetary bribes from a corporation in exchange for passing a particular law, it would be an example of the media serving their role as a...

fairness doctrine

In 1985, the federal government stopped enforcing the ___, arguing that it was no longer necessary due to the increasing number of television and radio stations

libertarian

In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we refer to as today...

support for military intervention and the maintenance of American military power.

In international affairs, conservation has come to mean...

the First Amendment of the Constitution

In the United States, freedom of the press is protected by...

True

Interest groups often spend time and money trying to shape public opinion

75%

Large media conglomerates own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.

False

Less than 50 percent of Americans believe that gays should have equal employment rights

False

Level's of education have not been shown to affect one's political opinions

False

Liberal and conservative ideologies are clear and well-defined doctrines of thought

political ideologies

Liberalism and conservatism are examples of

emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government.

Libertarianism is a political ideology that...

True

Media prophecies on a candidate's momentum in an election often become self-fulfilling

sound bite

A short, attention-grabbing phrase that summarizes a position is called a

liberals, conservatives, or moderates.

A vast majority of Americans describe themselves as...

half

Advertising revenue at print newspapers is currently ________ what it was in 2005.

enabling privately owned companies to advertise their products to the public.

All of the following are important roles for the media in American Democracy EXCEPT...

upscale

American print and broadcast media tend to be more responsive to the ___segments of the audience

True

Most Americans are unified in their belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and democracy

False

Most journalists describe themselves as conservative or moderate-to-conservative

the Associated Press

Much of the national news that is published in local newspapers is provided by ________.

citizen journalism

News produced by individuals and organizations who are not employed as professional journalists is called...

False

Newspapers are among the most heavily regulated media in the United States

conservatives; liberals

Opposition to legalized abortion is a position most likely supported by ________, while support for legalized abortion is a position most likely supported by ________.

True

Political ideologies do not always provide us with a clear opinion on particular policies

True

Political protests are often the only way some groups can attract media attention to their issues and causes

advertising

Privately owned media companies in the United States earn most of their revenue from...

accounts for a much smaller share of the media market than in other Western democracies, such as France, Germany, and Denmark.

Public Broadcasting in the United States...

receives funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars.

Public broadcasting refers to any television, radio, and digital media that...

False

Push polling is a trend that has been decreasing over the years

generally demonstrate a great deal of discretion while interpreting the news, giving themselves the opportunity to interject personal views and ideals into their stories

Reporters have the ability to significantly influence news stories since they

False

Since the 1980s, the ownership of news media has expanded and fallen into many different hands

attitude; value

Support for an affirmative action policy that considers an applicant's race in university admissions is an example of a political ________, while a belief in equality of opportunity is an example of a political _______.

higher in the United States than in most other countries in the world.

Support for freedom of speech, a free internet, and the press is...

False

T/F: Because of the United States' diversity of races, ethnicities, and religions, Americans do not share a common political culture.

True

T/F: Many of the most critical dilemmas of American politics involve conflicts over the way commonly held values are put into practice.

False

T/F: Recent polls reveal that more than three-fourths of Americans know the name of the current speaker of the House.

True

T/F: The most important thing for a citizen to possess is political knowledge.

True

Television reaches more Americans than any other single source of news

True

The Federal Communications Commission no longer requires broadcasters who air controversial issues to provide time for opposing views

True

The Internet has vastly expanded the number of sources of news

False

The United States is a nation without political ideologies

True

The United States went to war with Spain in 1898 largely due to the reporting of newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst

an expansion in governmental social services.

A liberal would most likely support...

school prayer

Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support

television

Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically reports on the narrowest range of topics and provides the least depth of news coverage...

True

Differences in opinion can be influenced by one's gender

profitable approach for many elite, national newspapers but not for smaller or mid-sized local newspapers.

Digital subscription models in which people pay to access news content has proven to be a...

bounce

During presidential elections, there is often a post-convention__in the popularity of a presidential candidate resulting from increased media attention

half the

During the 2016 campaign, Hillary Clinton received ________ amount of media coverage as Donald Trump...

False

During the formation of an individual's initial political orientation, the influence of family counts for very little

decreased by 40%

During the last decade, the number of newspaper journalists working in the United States has...

political parties

During the nineteenth century, newspapers were controlled by

True

Families, social groups, and schools are important institutions where people are politically socialized

True

Federal rules grant individuals an opportunity to respond to personal attacks made on television or the radio

programs that assist the poor and needy.

George W. Bush called himself a "compassionate conservative" in order to show that he favored...

basic principles, while attitudes are specific preferences.

The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that values are...

liberty

The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and properties illustrates their commitment to...

increases the risks that politicians and citizens who express less popular or minority viewpoints will have difficulty finding a public forum.

The fact that a smaller and smaller number of companies owns a larger and larger share of the American media is concerning primarily because it...

True

The illusion of saliency can give politicians the mistaken impression that certain opinions are very important to people

they provide a check on the power of government and political leaders

The media are sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government" because

the audience appeal of a story

The most important selection bias in news is

True

The most important sources for setting a news agenda are newspapers

True

The national news media tend to cover the same events and emphasize the same issues and problems

Americans tending to view the world with a similar approach since they are exposed to same concerns and perspectives

The nationalization of the news in the United States has had important political consequences due to

the affluent

The news media are most responsive to what segment of the population?

the newspaper industry's realization that the best way to make a profit was to not alienate potential readers who held liberal or conservative political views.

The practice of training reporters to produce a standardized, seemingly neutral news product was the result of...

political socialization

The process by which political values are formed is known as...

beliefs and attitudes toward different issues, events, and people.

The term public opinion is used to describe

excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.

The traditional news media aim to provide objective reporting on current events by...

the relaxation of government regulations in the 1980's and the 1990's.

The trend in concentration of traditional media ownership occurred in large part due to...

False

Think tanks are not usually important actors in developing and spreading political ideas

True

Throughout the nineteenth century, political parties controlled and subsidized newspapers

False

Under the United States' political system, public policy will always coincide with the state of public opinion

a procedure that allows for laws to be placed on a ballot and voted on by the electorate

What is an initiative?

priming

When media coverage affects the way the public evaluates a political leader in future actions, this effect is called

Ronald Reagan

Which U.S. president ushered in the tax revolt and the deregulation of many government policies in the 1980's?

conservatives

Which group has had great popularity on radio talk shows?

disney

Which of the following is a good example of a media monopoly?

the National Public Radio (NPR)

Which of the following is an example of a public broadcasting organization...

these shows allow politicians to craft their own images without interference or questions from journalists

Which of the following is an important reason why politicians frequently choose to do interviews on talk shows or entertainment programs such as the Oprah Winfrey show?

a free media is needed to ensure economic equality

Which of the following is not a reason why a free media is necessary to democratic government?

television

Which of the following news sources reaches the MOST Americans?

liberty, equality of opportunity, and democracy.

Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values?

a small number of giant, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites.

Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States?

although completely objective reporting is unattainable because people inevitably have biases that shape their understanding of events, journalists attempt to be objective by reporting both sides of a story.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the traditional news media's relationship to objectivity?

there is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the United States.

Which of the following statements best describes current controversies about immigration among conservatives?

the media's relentless investigations revealed various abuses of power by President Nixon and led to his resignation

Which of the following statements best describes the media's role in the Watergate affair?

the government's actions are usually in line with the public's preferences but some areas of disagreement always arise

Which of the following statements best summarizes the findings of studies on the relationship between public opinion and public policy in the United States?

government censorship plays an important role in determining the particular interpretation of a news story

Which of the following statements is false?

an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs.

Which of the following stories would an American news outlet that relies primarily on advertising revenue be LEAST likely to cover?

Howard Dean

Whose presidential campaign was the first to rely heavily on the impact of Internet bloggers?

liberals

________ generally support abortion rights and oppose state involvement with religious institutions...

equality

________ is the most important core value of liberalism...

liberty

_________ is the core political value MOST highly prioritized by American conservatives...