FINAL a&k
DIP joint, tip of finger struck with ball, rupture of DIP extensor tendon, results in inability to extend distal phalange
Mallet Finger
What makes up the Feiss line?
Medial malleous 1st metatarsal bone navicular
Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to compression to what nerve?
Median
where do lumbricals in hand and feet originate from?
FDP tendons hand flexor digitorum longus foot
Linea aspera is on what bone?
Femur
Pectineal line is on what bone?
Femur
Cause of TBI and motions of the brain for TBI?
If hit something the brain shakes, goes back and forth. The frontal lobe leads to emotion dysregulation, if back of head its vision. Male patients lose sexual urge spiral force affects middle of the brain
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon injury, occurs when athlete finger catches on another players clothing, injury causes forced extension of the DIP joint during active flexion
Jersey Finger
Flexion of the IP joints and hyperextension of the MCP joints is an intrinsic ____ position?
Minus
Posterior cerebral artery goes to what side and simple function?
Posterior side supplies temporal and occipital lobe
Flexion fracture of the radius?
Smith
Swan neck deformity vs. Boutonniere Deformity
Swan neck is hyperextended PIP flexed DIP Boutonniere is flexed PIP and hyperextended DIP
C4 injury leads to C6 injury leads to T6 injury leads to L1 injury leads to
Tetraplegia (below neck) tetraplegia (below shoulders) paraplegia (not including arms, under chest) paraplegia (below hips)
What is the function of the anterior transverse arch (AB)
The concave arch adapts to various surfaces
Tendonitis, tendon sheath swollen or thickened preventing the tendon from sliding freely
Trigger Finger
Hyperextension of the PIP joint tears the volar plate
Volar Plate Avulsion
Action of dorsal interossei?
abduction of 2-4 and MTP flexion
Action of plantar interossei
adduction of 3-5 and MTP flexion
what muscles insert at the linea aspera
adductor longus adductor magnus adductor brevis
what does the obturator nerve innervate
adductor longus, brevis, magnus gracilis obturator externus
what muscles originate on the ischial tuberosity?
adductor magnus quadratus femoris inferior gemellus hamstrings
tibialis anterior action?
ankle dorsiflexion
Anterior cerebral artery goes to what side plus simple function?
anterior supplies frontal lobel, logical thought personality and voluntary movement
What makes up the circle of WIllis?
anterior cerebral artery internal carotid artery posterior communicating artery posterior cerebral artery basilar artery middle cerebral artery anterior communicating artery
where does the deep peroneal nerve go
anterior lower leg
where does the femoral nerve go
anterior upper leg
what muscles are on the fourth layer of the foot?
dorsal and plantar interossei extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis brevis
Action of the peroneus tertius?
dorsiflex eversion abduction
action of the masseter
elevate mandible and assist to protract the mandible
action of serratus posterior superior
elevates ribs 2-5
primary movement of peroneous brevis?
eversion
what is the purpose of the Feiss line?
examine the height of arch, if midpoint is above the line then you are flat footed
action of external oblique v internal oblique?
ext BILATERAL: lumbar flexion UNILATERAL: lumbar lateral flexion to the same side and rotation to opposite side internal BILATERAL: lumbar flexion UNILATERAL: lumbar lateral flexion and rotation to same side
function of hamstrings
extend hip and flex knee
What does the rectus capitis posterior major and minor do when contracting on both sides?
extend the head
action of the erector spinae: iliocostalis longissimus and spinalis
extension lateral flexion rotation
action of the extensor hallucis longus, digitorum longus?
extension and dorsiflexion Digitorum: eversion of the ankle
Deep peroneal nerve innervates what muscles?
extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius
Adductor tubercle is on what bone
femur
Patella is on what bone
femur
intercondylar notch, fossa, and patellar groove is on what bone
femur
Action of the flexor digitorum longus and hallucis longus?
flex MTP and IP and plantar flexion of ankle
action of longus colli
flexes cevical spine and stabilizes head when upper traps move
action of the lumbricals on foot?
flexion of proximal phalanges extension of middle and distal phalanges 2-5
what muscles are on the third layer of the foot
flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis
Action of rectus capitis anterior?
flexor of cervical spine, muscle spindles with a proprioceptive role
action of the transversus abdominis muscle?
forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inward
Famous person hong loves that has CP?
forrest gump
What muscle moves the forehead
frontalis
what muscles insert on greater trochanter?
gluteus medius minimus obturator internus superior inferior gemellus piriformis
what muscles medially rotate thigh?
gluteus minimus and medius
action of the quadratus lumborum
lateral flexion to side which it is located stabilizes pelvis and lumbar spine
where does the superficial peroneal nerve go?
lateral lower leg
where does the inferior superior gluteal nerves go?
lateral upper leg
what muscle raises upper corner of lips?
levator anguli oris
what muscle raises the upper lip
levator labii
Muscles that flex 2-5th toes at the MP joint and extend the IP?
lumbricals
what muscle closes the jaw
masseter
action of the gluteus maximus vs. medius and minimis?
maximus: hip extension, lateral rotation, posterior pelvic tilt medius: hip abduction, anterior flexes and medially rotates. Posterior side extends and laterally rotates minimis medially rotate and hip abduction
where does the obturator nerve go
medial upper leg
what muscle pulls chin down
mentalis
Ventral roots of spinal cord have what function?
motor
What are the motor and sensory nerves of the foot?
motor are lateral and medial plantar nerve sensory are the cutaneous nerves
What are the three regions of the nervous system
peripheral (not in vertebral column/skull) spinal (in the vertebral column, include axons until axons exit intervertebral foramen) cerebral (cerebral hemispheres: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic lobe)
What is the windlass mechanism?
plantar aponeurosis with the intrinsic muscles reinforce the longitudinal arch when individual raises on toes the fascial tension increases and intrinsic muscles contract , locks the arch to provide a secure lever for the extrinsic muscles to produce the motions
inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot?
plantar fascitis
peroneus longus and brevis are involved with _______ of the foot
plantar flexion and eversion
action of the gastrcnemius?
plantar flexion of ankle and knee flexion
soleus action?
plantarflexion of the ankle
Flexion of the MCP joints and extension of the IP joints are intrinsic _____ position?
plus
where does the tibial nerve go?
posterior lower leg
Tarsal tunnel is caused by what nerve
posterior tibial nerve
Where does the sciatic nerve go?
posterior upper leg
Why are the arches in general important?
provides a structure able to absorb high forces, obtains strength and support from design to absorb repetitive forces
which mastification muscle is the most involved ones?
pterygoids
what muscles are on the second layer of the foot?
quadratus plantae lumbricals
which two muscles attach to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus?
quadratus plantae and lumbricals
What are the abdominal muscles?
rectus abdominis (2nd layer) external oblique (1st layer), internal oblique (2nd layer) transverse abdominis (3rd layer)
what muscle puts lips into smile
risorius
what does the femoral nerve innervate
sartorius iliopsoas rectus femoris pectineus
What muscles attach to the ASIS?
sartorius tensor fascia latae
what muscles insert at the pes anserinus
semitendinosus sartorius gracilis
what muscles attach to the linea aspera?
short head of biceps femoris
rectus capitis lateralis action?
stabilize head, medial lateral control
what does the superior and inferior gluteal nerves innervate?
superior: gluteus medius minimis TFL inferior: maximus
Action of oblique capitis superior v inferior?
superior: rock and tilt head into extension AND laterally flex the head to the same side while inferior is just rotate head to the same side
mastification muscle that retracts the mandible?
temporalis
4 mastification muscles
temporalis pterygoids (2) masseter
Pes anserinus is on what bone?
tibia
intercondylar eminence is on what bone?
tibia
what does the sciatic nerve branch into?
tibial and common peroneal nerves
what foramen does the vertebral arteries go through?
transverse
Glut medius weakness, strong side drops
trendelenberg sign
action of the popliteus
unlock and medially rotate the knee during initiation of knee flexion
whats longer spinal cord or vertebral column?
vertebral column
Action of vatsus medialis lateralis and intermedius
knee extension
function of quadriceps
knee extension
Heberden nodes are bumps occurring on last joint of the thumb or finger, characteristic of what?
Arthritis
what bones form the arched part of the dorsum (transverse arch)
3 cuneiforms
What are the three arches of the foot?
AB: anterior transverse arch BC: lateral longitudinal arch AC: medial longitudinal arch
What muscles are on the first layer of the foot?
Abductor Hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi
what is the function of the lateral longitudinal arch? (BC)
Absorb force from the ground
Action of semispinalis capitis and cervicis?
BILATERAL: extend head and neck UNILATERAL: laterally flex and rotate head to same side
action of the SCM?
BILATERAL: flex neck UNILATERAL: laterally bend neck and rotate to opposite side
action of longus capitis?
BILATERAL: head and neck flex UNILATERAL: lateral bending and rotation
action of rectus abdominis muscle
BILATERAL: lumbar flexion UNILATERAL: lateral flexion same side
Action of the multifundus/rotators
BILATERALLY extend vertebral column UNILATERALLY rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Action of scalene muscles?
BILATERALLY: forward flex UNILATERAL: laterally flex and rotate to same side all elevate ribs
Extension fracture of the radius
Colles
Parkinson's Disease: what color of substantia nigra causes it? Signs of it? How to help your patients with it?
Dark color Sign is a tremor Prepare actions, help rock them when you stand up and be patient
_____ Tendonitis is the swelling about the tendons to the base of the thumb which results in painful motion
DeQuervain's
Thickening and shortening of palmar fascia, aponeurosis. Fingers curl towards palm and makes extension of fingers difficult or impossible
Dupuytren's Contracture
____ maneuver is used to diagnose deQuervian's tendonitis, grab thumb and move hand down
Finkelstein
Action of the rectus femoris?
Hip flexion Knee extension
Actions of the tensor fasciae latae?
Hip flexion, abduction, medial rotation knee lateral rotation
Action of Sartorius for sure going to be on exam
Hip flexion, hip abduction, and lateral rotation Knee flexion and medial rotation
Break in the humerus causes damage to what nerve?
Radial
Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?
Radial
what muscle attach to the AIIS
Rectus Femoris
Dorsal roots of spinal cord have what function?
Sensory
Ulnar collateral ligament tear causes what?
Skier's Thumb/gamekeepers thumb
Action of the platysma?
assist to depress the mandible, tighten fascia of neck, draw down corner of the mouth
action difference of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus/membrinosus?
biceps femoris is lateral rotation while semis are medial rotation
damage to the peroneal nerve is caused by
broken fibula
what muscles make lips go wide and tight
buccinator
What are the support systems of the brain?
cerebrospinal fluid (ventricles) blood supply of the brain
What nerves make up the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?
cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
foot drop definition and what nerve?
common or deep peroneal, deficient dorsiflexion
what muscle moves the eyebrows
corrugator supercili
the common peroneal nerve branches into
deep and superficial
Damage to what nerve causes foot drop?
deep peroneal
action of serratus posterior inferior
depresses thoracic ribs 9-12
what muscle lowers bottom corner of the lips?
depressor anguli oris
what muscle lowers the lower lip?
depressor labii
Middle cerebral artery goes to what side plus simple function? FUN FACT Largest branch of internal carotid
goes to medial side supplies frontal lobe and lateral surface of temporal and parietal lobes: motor and sensory areas of the face, throat, hand, and arm, speech more medial side, motor control problems
5 muscles that originate at the pubis?
gracilis adductor brevis, longus, magnus pectineus
what does the sciatic nerve innervate?
hamstrings and adductor magnus
When does CP happen? Where are the deficits? How can you help a patient with CP?
happens before birth, during birth, or early life, it's a brain injury that is fixed and non-progressive, turning head during birth motor impairment and some cognitive deficits (may not be there) the mom will feel guilty, focus and help her emotional guilt. Help children through making occupations meaningful/assisstive devices
action of the adductor brevis?
hip adduction
action of the adductor longus?
hip adduction
Action of gracilis?
hip adduction knee medial rotation
adductor magnus?
hip adduction and assists in extension
action of the biceps femoris
hip extension knee flexion lateral rotation
Action of semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
hip extension medial rotation of hip and knee knee flexion
Action of the iliopsoas?
hip flexion anterior pelvic tilt
action of the pectineus
hip flexion and adduction
Action of piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus?
hip lateral rotation
what muscles insert on ischial tuberosity
idk
what inserts on the lesser trochanter
iliopsoas
what is the function of the medial longitudinal arch? (AC)
increase base of support and provide weight bearing surface, helps to walk because of spring shape
In the brain is the write matter inside or outside?
inside
in the spinal cord is the gray matter inside or outside?
inside
where does the blood supply of the brain come from?
internal carotid vertebral arteries
primary movement of tibialis posterior?
inversion
action of the tibialis posteior?
inversion and plantar flexion
what muscle moves the nose
nasalis
what muscle moves around the eye
obicularis oculi
what muscle purses the lips?
obicularis oris
In the spinal cord is the white matter inside or outside?
outside
in the brain is the gray matter in the inside or outside?
outside
what muscles insert at the pectineal line
pectineus