Final B

Stacey accidentally jams her finger in a door. She looks down and sees that her nail is broken. Stacey begins to bite her nail until it is no longer jagged. Afterwards, she gets an ice pack to numb the pain. If biting her nail is the target behavior, what is the antecedent? -Looking down -A broken nail -Getting an ice pack -The door

A BROKEN NAIL

Which of the following is NOT a component typically listed in a skill acquisition plan? -Caregiver interview documents and record reviews -Reinforcement strategies -Teaching instructions and procedures -Objectively-defined target responses for increase

CAREGIVER INTERVIEW DOCUMENTS AND RECORD REVIEWS

Client session notes should include all of the following, except: -Day, time, and location of client session -Brief summary of target behaviors and progress towards goals -Caregivers own recall of incidents that occurred with the client -Items and activities used as reinforcers

CAREGIVERS OWN RECALL OF INCIDENTS THAT OCCURED WITH THE CLIENT

Which of the following is within the scope of practice for an RBT? -Providing both non-behavior analytic and ABA services to clients -Serving as an independent practitioner, company owner or manager -Designing and directing trainings for stakeholders -Collecting and summarizing client data

COLLECTING AND SUMMARIZING CLIENT DATA

Which of the following is likely to be a role of the RBT in the skills assessment process? -Implementing the skills assessment with the client independently -Discussing assessment result with caregivers -Collecting data during assessment implementation -Selecting which skills assessment to use based on client needs

COLLECTING DATA DURING ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION

RBT Jerry delivers a small piece of a known reinforcer (cracker) to his client, Mary, each time she reads a word correctly from a deck of flash cards. This is an example of: -Intermittent reinforcement -Interval schedules -Extinction -Continuous reinforcement

CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT

A pre-school teacher sets up five bowls of different colored paint in the back of the classroom. The teacher asks each student in the class to walk over, one at a time, to the paint bowls and identify the colors in each bowl. This is an example of: -Discrete Trial Teaching -Artificial Teaching -Contrived Naturalistic Teaching -Captured Naturalistic Teaching

CONTRIVED NATURALISTIC TEACHING

Farrah is an RBT working with a client named Tanner. Tanner cries and flops to the ground each time Farrah brings him to the work table for math tasks. Instead of using the usual counting blocks and number flash cards as math materials, Farrah decides to use Tanner's favorite toy cars and flash cards with his favorite action heroes on them in attempt to make math work more fun and exciting. Which type of antecedent intervention is Farrah using to decrease Tanner's crying and flopping behavior during math work? -Noncontingent reinforcement -Differential reinforcement -Task modification -Providing choice

TASK MODIFICATION

Approximately every minute, Roger kicks his peers sitting next to him during "circle time" at the ABA clinic he attends. Following the behavior plan, Roger's RBT is to implement a DRO procedure to decrease Roger's kicking behavior during circle time. At the beginning of circle time, the RBT sets her timer for 2 minutes. If Roger does not kick his peers for the entire 2 minutes, the RBT should: -Immediately remove Roger from circle time since Roger met the goal of not kicking for 2 minutes -Let the timer continue running to determine how long Roger can sit near his peers without kicking -Deliver the reinforcer to Roger and reset the timer for another 2 minutes -Tell the circle time leader to deliver an instruction to Roger now that he has not kicked for 2 minutes

DELIVER THE REINFORCER TO ROGER AND RESET THE TIMER FOR ANOTHER 2 MINUTES

In the control (toy play) condition of a functional analysis, all may be present in the condition, EXCEPT: -Demands and instructions -None; each of these should be present in the control (toy play) condition -Free attention (independent of the target behavior) -Preferred items and toys

DEMANDS AND INSTRUCTIONS

RBT Martin receives feedback on his performance from his supervisor and is now developing a plan of action. In his action plan, Martin should include all the following, except: -Detailed records of all meetings with his supervisor -A way to track his performance and progress over time -Specific steps he needs to take towards meeting his end goal -The skills he needs to improve upon

DETAILED RECORDS OF ALL MEETINGS WITH HIS SUPERVISOR

When a client's behavior poses an immediate and significant danger to the client or others in the environment, the RBT may be required to implement: -Behavioral contracts -Naturalistic teaching procedures -Discrete trial teaching procedures -Emergency/crisis procedures

EMERGENCY/CRISIS PROCEDURES

"Everything that an organism can experience that is happening around them." This describes: -Environment -Behavior -Intelligence -Emotion

ENVIRONMENT

Lisa is an elementary school teacher preparing for the new school year. Each year, Lisa goes to the store and gets brand new toys, books, and games for her classroom. She also plans new activities and incentives to incorporate throughout class time. Lisa has learned that by adding these reinforcers and activities ahead of time in the classroom environment, her students are less likely to engage in problem behavior during class. What strategy is Lisa using to decrease instances of problem behavior in her classroom? -High-probability instructional sequence -Environmental enrichment -Time-based reinforcement schedules -Differential reinforcement

ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT

Each time the teacher tells Carl to work on the problems in his math book, Carl pounds on his desk and screams loudly. The teacher then sends him to the principal's office until math time is over. Carl continues to pound and scream every time his teacher asks him to work on math problems. Based on the information provided, what is the likely function of Carl's pounding and screaming behavior? -Escape -Automatic -Access to tangibles -Attention

ESCAPE

Matt, an RBT, is providing services to a client in-home. While on a break during his session, he says to the mother of his client, "I just overheard the conversation you were having with your friend. From what I heard, it seems like her son has autism. I would love to meet with her if she is looking for ABA services in the area." Based on the information provided, this is likely an example of: -A situation for the RBT to follow mandated reporting requirements and file a report with the information he overheard -Failing to respect and maintain a client's dignity by disrespecting the client's privacy -Appropriate compliance with legal and workplace requirements for disclosing client information -Effective communication between an RBT and a stakeholder

FAILING TO RESPECT AND MAINTAIN A CLIENT'S DIGNITITY BY DISRESPECTING THE CLIENT'S PRIVACY

Grace is a student who frequently asks her teacher for help on various tasks. The teacher sets a recurring timer for exactly three minutes. The first time Grace asks for help after three minutes have passed, she will receive assistance from the teacher. If she asks for help before three minutes have passed, she will not receive assistance from the teacher. Which schedule of reinforcement is the teacher using in this example? -Fixed Interval (FI) -Variable Interval (VI) -Fixed Ratio (FR) -Variable Ratio (VR)

FIXED INTERVAL (FI)

Jamie's teacher tells her to open her reading workbook in class. The teacher starts the timer immediately after she gives the instruction. The teacher stops her timer when Jamie opens her workbook. In this example, the teacher is measuring: -Frequency -Latency -Duration -Rate

LATENCY

RBT Lainie observes a new client in the natural environment and writes a paragraph describing the activities of the client, notes about the environment, and information about each time the client engages in the target behavior during a 20-minute observation period. Which type of descriptive assessment is Lainie participating in? -Narrative recording -Questionnaire/survey -Scatterplot -A-B-C data collection

NARRATIVE RECORDING

Teaching takes place in a setting more typical of the learner's everyday environment rather than in an artificial or controlled setting (i.e., work table or station in clinic). This describes which type of teaching approach? -Naturalistic Teaching -Discrete Trial Teaching -Total Task Chaining -Errorless Learning

NATURALISTIC TEACHING

All of the following are ways an RBT can behave with integrity and promote an ethical culture in his or her work environment, EXCEPT: -Reinforcing honest and accurate data collection by others -Encouraging honest discussions with others about ethical dilemmas -Providing services free of charge temporarily to clients struggling to make payments -Modeling ethical behavior for others to follow in the workplace

PROVIDING SERVICES FREE OF CHARGE TEMPORARILY TO CLIENTS STRUGGLING TO MAKE PAYMENTS

Which of the following is likely to be a responsibility of the RBT in relation to data and graphing? X = Graph data according to protocol Y = Provide updated graphs to supervisor Z = Make treatment decisions based on graphed data -X, Y, and Z -X and Y only -Y only -Z only

X AND Y ONLY

Jasmine is preparing for the skill acquisition plan before a session with her client. She has reviewed both the skill acquisition and behavior intervention plan, collected all necessary materials to implement procedures, and set up the teaching environment per the plan's directions. Is there anything else Jasmine should be before the client session begins? -Yes; she should update all client graphs with the data that was missed from the previous session -Yes; she should also review all notes and data collected from the previous session with the client -No; she has completed all of the necessary tasks when preparing for the skill acquisition plan -Yes; she should meet with caregivers separately to discuss possible changes to plan procedures

YES, SHE SHOULD ALSO REVIEW ALL NOTES AND DATA COLLECTED FROM THE PREVIOUS SESSION WITH THE CLIENT

What should the therapist do if the client engages in the target behavior in the demand (escape) condition of an FA? -Do nothing; ignore all behavior -Give the client a preferred item -Remove the demand -Deliver a brief reprimand

REMOVE THE DEMAND

Which of the following is an example of reinforcement? -Sarah is the behaver: Dad gives Sarah a cookie when she screams and now Sarah screams more -Andy is the behaver: Paul punches Andy for stealing his toy and Andy never steals Paul's toy again -Joey is the behaver: Mom praises Joey for cleaning and Joey smiles -Zach is the behaver: Zach brings his girlfriend flowers because he forgot her birthday

SARAH IS THE BEHAVER: DAD GIVES SARAH A COOKIE WHEN SHE SCREAMS AND NOW SARAH SCREAMS MORE

Tyler is an RBT assisting with a functional assessment on a client's behavior. His supervisor has given him a data sheet with pre-selected and defined categories of antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to use during observations. From the pre-selected list, Tyler is to circle the target behavior and the events that occurred immediately before and after that target behavior. Which type of descriptive assessment is Tyler conducting? -Rating scale -Scatterplot -A-B-C data collection -Functional analysis

A-B-C DATA COLLECTION

Ben is a 4-year-old boy who often cries and bites his hands. Whenever Ben engages in this behavior, his parents hug him, tell him everything will be okay, and always offer to take him to get ice cream or treats, which typically help soothe and calm him down. Ben continues to cry and bite himself frequently. Based on this information, what is the likely function of Ben's crying and biting behavior? -Control -Escape -Automatic -Access to attention and/or tangibles

ACCESS TO ATTENTION AND/OR TANGIBLES

Amy is assisting her supervisor in running a functional analysis (FA) on their client, Mario's, face slapping behavior. Amy is the therapist for all conditions in the FA. In the current condition, Amy brings Mario into an empty room. Amy immediately leaves the room and observes the entire 10-minute condition through a one-way mirror (out of sight from Mario). She collects data by counting how many times Mario slaps his face with his hands in the empty room. Which FA condition is Amy currently running? -Alone -Attention -Tangible -Control (toy play)

ALONE

All of the following are important steps for an RBT to take in preparing for data collection during sessions with a client, EXCEPT: -Recording important information about the session such as date, location, client name, etc. -Arriving early to sessions to write the operational definitions for the target behaviors the RBT will be collecting data on for that session -Gathering all necessary materials that will be needed during the session such as task items, reinforcers, and recording equipment -Reviewing the programs within the client's behavior plan and ensuring all instructions are understood

ARRIVING EARLY TO SESSIONS TO WRITE THE OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS FOR THE TARGET BEHAVIORS THE RBT WILL BE COLLECTING DATA ON FOR THAT SEASON

An individual's behavior results in some form of sensory stimulation, which causes the behavior to continue to occur in the future in order to access that same form of sensory stimulation. This describes which common function of behavior? -Escape -Automatic -Tangible -Attention

AUTOMATIC

What is the FIRST step in running a discrete trial with a learner? -Deliver the instruction -Wait for the response -Record data -Get the learner's attention

GET THE LEARNER'S ATTENTION

Keri, the RBT, is teaching her client, Mary, how to make her bed. Keri begins the first trial by teaching Mary the last step in the 8-step sequence before delivering praise (the reinforcer). For trial 2, Keri delivers praise only when Mary has completed steps 7 and 8 of the sequence independently. For trial 3, Mary must perform steps 6-8 independently, then Keri provides praise. Keri continues this pattern until Mary can independently complete all bed-making steps in the correct order. This is an example of which chaining procedure? -Total task chaining -Forward chaining -Backward chaining -None; this is not an example of chaining

BACKWARD CHAINING

Henry is a 3-year-old boy who often engages in hand-mouthing (placing his fingers or hands into his mouth). A functional analysis revealed that this behavior is maintained by sensory stimulation (sensory feeling produced in his mouth). Which of following is the best way to implement a noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) procedure to reduce hand-mouthing behavior? -Ignore Henry and only give him attention once he has stopped hand-mouthing -Before Henry hand-mouths, deliver access to a chew toy item every 2 minutes, no matter what else he is doing -Put Henry in "time-out" for 2 minutes each time he engages in hand-mouthing -When Henry engages in hand-mouthing, lightly smack his hands down and deliver a reprimand

BEFORE HENRY HAND MOUTHS, DELIVER ACCESS TO A CHEWY TOY ITEM EVERY 2 MINUTES, NO MATTER WHAT SELSE HE IS DOING

Each of the following are required components of a behavior reduction plan, except: -Emergency measures (procedures) -Operational definitions of the target behavior(s) -Antecedent or consequence modifications -Behavioral contracts

BEHAVIORAL CONTRACTS

Which of the following is information an RBT should communicate with their supervisor BEFORE beginning an assigned task with a client? X = The RBT has not received training and has no experience performing the assigned task Y = A client performed a skill in a program independently for the first time in months Z = The materials/tools needed to complete an assigned task are not available -Both X and Y -Both X and Z -Y only -X, Y, and Z

BOTH X AND Z

During an art class, Zena gets out of her seat to get materials an average of 10 times in the one-hour (60-min) class period. The art teacher implements a procedure in which she will give Zena her favorite gummy snacks only if Zena gets out of her seat 4 times or less in the one-hour class period. This is an example of: -Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) -Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) -Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) -Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF LOW RATES OF RESPONDING (DRL)

An RBT is able to disclose client confidential information without consent under all of the following circumstances, EXCEPT: -Divorced or separated caregivers -Court orders -Insurance company requests -Suspected child abuse

DIVORCED OR SEPERATED CAREGIVERS

Every time Bobby engages in "tantrum" behavior, his mom runs over to him and gives him a big hug. She also sings his favorite song to him to calm him down. Bobby continues to tantrum at least twice a day. If the goal is to reduce Bobby's tantrum behavior, what is likely the most effective way to implement extinction? -Deliver reprimands when Bobby tantrums and tell him he is going to "time-out" -Provide fun, preferred items for Bobby to play with so he is distracted -Do not attend or speak to Bobby when he tantrums -Allow Bobby to listen to his favorite song before a tantrum occurs

DO NOT ATTEND OR SPEAK TO BOBBY WHEN HE TANTRUMS

Jason runs cross country at his high school. The coach of the team measures the amount of time it takes for Jason to run a 3.1 mile race course from start to finish. The coach is measuring: -Duration -Frequency -Latency -Rate

DURATION

Environmental or other non-discrete conditions that may impact a client's behavior that are not typically specific events, such as physical aspects of the environment or physiological conditions. This describes: -Antecedents -Behavior -Ecological variables -Consequences

ECOLOGICAL VARIABLES

Using a variety of examples and varying materials, people, settings, and responses are all ways to program for: -Pairing -Generalization -Stimulus control -Maintenance

GENERALIZATION

A client named Clay does not like to clean up or put away items when he is finished with them. Clay's behavior plan specifically targets putting items away afteterm-2r use. Yara, the RBT on the case, brings Clay to the activity room at the clinic to play with toys and games for a few minutes. Afterwards, Yara tells Clay that it is time to clean up and taps the toy in front of him. Clay picks up the toy but does not put it away. Yara then taps the toy bin, and Clay puts the toy in the bin. What type of stimulus prompt is Yara using to teach Clay to put away his toys -Gestural -Redundancy -Model -Position

GESTURAL

Jackie is an RBT who just received a new program from her supervising BCBA to implement with one of her clients in today's session. Jackie arrives to the clinic a few minutes before session with her client to read over the program. After reviewing the program, Jackie realizes she has never performed the prompt and prompt fading procedures that are listed in the program and does not know how to implement them. What would be the best course of action for Jackie to take? -Ask another RBT who works at the clinic and has performed the prompt procedures before to demonstrate the procedures before the client arrives for session -Run the new program with the client as requested by the BCBA, but use different prompting procedures that she has before instead of the one listed in the plan that she has not been trained on -Immediately inform the BCBA that she has never performed the prompt procedures listed in the plan and ask for training on how to do so before implementing the new program with a client -Attempt to run the new program using the prompt procedures as listed in the program with the client, and follow up with the BCBA after the client session to ask questions about prompting procedures

IMMEDIATELY INFORM THE BCBC THAT SHE HAS NEVER PERFORMED THE PROMPY PROCEDURES LISTED IN THE PLAN AND ASK FOR TRAINING ON HOW TO DO SO BEFORE IMPLEMENTING THE NEW PROGRAM WITH A CLIENT

Cora is an RBT who has been providing services in home to a child with developmental disabilities. Over the past few weeks, she has observed bruises on the child. What should Cora do first in this situation? -Confront the caregivers and question them about the bruises on the child -Immediately report the suspected abuse to her supervisor, as it is her ethical responsibility to do so -Do nothing since she is an RBT and does not have the authority to report on these issues -File a detailed report of the suspected abuse to the local authorities

IMMEDIATELY REPORT THE SUSPECTED ABUSE TO HER SUPERVISOR. AS IT IS HER ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY TO DO SO

RBT Grant is working with his client, Lukas, on math skills. At the work table, Grant shows Lukas an addition card and asks, "What is 2 + 2?" Lukas responds correctly with the answer "4" and Grant delivers the reinforcer. Grant presents another card to Lukas and asks, "What is 6 + 7?" If Lukas responds incorrectly to this question, what should Grant do next? -Implement an error-correction procedure according to protocol -Stop the math task altogether and move to another task away from the work table -Tell Lukas the correct answer and move to the next math addition card -Tell him the answer is incorrect, and wait until Lukas can figure out the correct answer on his own

IMPLEMENT AN ERROR-CORRECTION PROCEDURE ACCORDING TO PROTOCOL

In which step of the service delivery system is the RBT likely to have a major role? -Revising the treatment plan -Developing the treatment plan -Implementing the treatment plan -Identifying and assessing the problem

IMPLEMENTING THE TREATMENT PLAN

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to store of client records/files? -In the backseat of a locked car not immediately visible (away from public view) -Password protected work document on a password protected computer -Locked in a file cabinet behind a locked door or in a locked room -In a public file sharing software program for immediate access by all agency staff members

IN A PUBLIC FILE SHARING SOFTWARE PROGRAM FOR IMMEDIATE ACCESS BY ALL AGENCY STAFF MEMBERS

Kyle is a 10-year-old boy who eats very slowly during meals. Kyle's mother decides to measure the time in between bites of food for each meal. Kyle takes about 5 minutes in between each bite of food. Which measurement is Kyle's mom using during mealtime? -Frequency -Duration -Inter-response time (IRT) -Percentage

INTER-RESPONSE TIME (IRT)

Which of the following would be an appropriate statement to include in a client's session note? -Kendra spelled 8 out of 10 target words correctly today -Jenna seemed more motivated to work hard during session today -Steven was showing off for his peers today -Molly appeared irritated when we worked on identification tasks today

KENDRA SPELLED 8 OUT OF 10 TARGET WORDS CORRECTLY TODAY

All of the following are features of effective communication with a supervisor, except: -Professional language -Knowledge and IQ -Appropriate dress/attire -Respectful interactions

KNOWLEDGE AND IQ

Dominic opened a can of soda and drank it. He stopped drinking the soda when the can was empty. What effect did the empty soda can have on Dominic's drinking behavior? -Reinforced it -Punished it -Made it more likely (evoked) -Made it less likely (abated)

MADE IT LESS LIKELY (ABATED)

Joy is a client who loves to play on swings. The RBT taught Joy to request the swing by saying, "Swing!" when she is outside on the playground and sees the swing set. Several months later, Joy says, "Swing!" independently each time the RBT takes her outside to the playground. Joy continuing to independently request the swing over time is an example of: -Discrimination -Systematic fading -Maintenance -Pairing

MAINTENANCE

When given at least five opportunities, Daniel will appropriately respond to a peer's greeting on four opportunities (80%) across three consecutive days, with at least two different peers. This describes which component of the skill acquisition plan? -Maintenance -Mastery criteria -Fluency training -Prompt fading

MASTERY CRITERIA

Maddie is an RBT who is teaching her client Zoey to brush her hair. Maddie pulls out two hairbrushes from her workstation materials bin and puts them on the table. Looking at Zoey, Maddie picks up a hairbrush and makes one brush stroke through her own hair. After seeing Maddie brush her hair, Zoey picks up the other hairbrush and makes a brush stroke through her own hair. What type of response prompt is Maddie using during this task? -Model -Position cue -Physical -Verbal

MODEL

Elizabeth, an RBT, wants to identify preferred items to use during her sessions with Harry. She presents an array of five items to Harry and allows Harry to pick one item from the array. She re-presents the same array of five items and allows Harry to pick one item from the same array again. Elizabeth repeats this procedure ten times, representing all five items each time. Which preference assessment is described in this example? -Free-Operant -Multiple-Stimulus With Replacement (MSW) -Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) -Paired-Stimulus

MULTIPLE STIMULUS WITH REPLACEMENT (MSW)

Jack is an RBT working with a young boy with autism named Carl. Recently, Carl's dad lost his job and is having difficulty finding a new one. Jack, who also owns a small auto repair shop, offers to hire Carl's dad as a part-time worker. According to the Code, is it appropriate for Jack to offer his client's father a job at his auto shop? Why or why not? -Yes; As long as there was a signed contact establishing personal and professional boundaries, it is okay to work with a client in a non-behavior analytic role -Yes; Jack is creating a better relationship with his client's family by working closely personally and professionally -No; Carl's dad may feel he is never allowed to say no to Jack if Jack was to ask him to do something at the shop, which can create an exploitative relationship -Yes; Jack has an ethical obligation to assist a client who is in need to the best of his ability

NO, CARL'S DAD MAY FEEL HE IS NEVER ALLOWED TO SAY NO TO JACK IF JACK WAS TO ASK HIM TO DO SOMETHING AT THE SHOP, WHICH CAN CREATE AN EXPLOITATIVE RELATIONSHIP

Each of the following are possible ways for an RBT to prevent a multiple relationship between themselves and their clients from developing, except: -Inform clients of the ethical obligation to maintain professional boundaries outlined in the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code -Only accept invitations/gifts from clients with whom the RBT has worked with for 2 or more years -Avoid sharing detailed, personal information with clients and/or family members -Decline client requests to connect on social media platforms

ONLY ACCEPT INVITATIONS/GIFTS FROM CLIENTS WITH WHOM THE RBT HAS WORKED WITH FOR 2 OR MORE YEARS

Ryan is an RBT who is working with a new client. Currently, verbal praise is not a reinforcer for this new client, but Ryan wants to use praise as a reinforcer during sessions as well as in the natural environment. How might Ryan establish verbal praise as a reinforcer? -Pair praise with one of the client's known reinforcers -None of these; praise is not an effective reinforcer to use during client sessions -Pair praise with a neutral or unknown stimulus -Continuously deliver praise; repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to the development of a reinforcer

PAIR PRAISE WITH ONE OF THE CLIENT'S KNOWN REINFORCERS

If the target behavior occurs at any point within the interval, the data collector marks an occurrence ("+") for that interval. This describes which measurement procedure? -Partial Interval Recording (PIR) -Frequency -Momentary Time Sample (MTS) -Whole Interval Recording (WIR)

PARTIAL INTERVAL RECORDING (PIR)

A student is learning how to swing a tennis racquet. The coach taps the student's elbow to indicate that the racquet needs to be held higher. What type of response prompt did the coach use? -Full physical -Verbal -Model -Partial physical

PARTIAL PHYSICAL

Kayla was playing quietly in her room while her mother made dinner in the kitchen. When dinner was ready, Kayla's mother walked to Kayla's room and saw several colorful crayon marks on the walls. Kayla's mother counted and recorded the total number of crayon marks on the wall. If writing on the walls is the target behavior, which measurement procedure is Kayla's mother using in this scenario? -Rate -PLACHECK -Duration -Permanent Product

PERMANENT PRODUCT

Oliver is an RBT who is training a teacher to collect data on her students' on-task behavior. Oliver instructs the teacher to observe her students in the classroom across 5-minute intervals. At the end of each 5-minute interval, Oliver tells the teacher to look around the room and write down (record) how many students are on-task at that time. Oliver is training the classroom teacher to use which measurement procedure? -Partial Interval Recording (PIR) -Permanent Product -PLACHECK -Rate

PLACHECK

In a school restroom, the janitor strategically places the garbage bin close to the sink in an attempt to increase the likelihood that individuals will discard their paper towels into the bin after washing their hands. This is an example of which type of stimulus prompt? -Redundancy -Verbal -Gestural -Position

POSITION

As an RBT, which of the following would violate a client's dignity in terms of confidentiality? -Keeping client session notes in a locked file cabinet in a locked office at the agency -Writing client identification codes on all client documents rather than the client's full name -Posting a picture or video of you with your client on social media -Requiring a log-in password on your laptop with client files also password-protected

POSTING A PICTURE OR VIDEO OF YOU WITH YOUR CLIENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA

When Ted whines and screams, he is typically given access to preferred items, such as cookies, toys, games, etc. If the behavior plan indicates to use extinction for whining behavior, how should this be implemented? -Deliver demands or instructions until Ted complies and whining stops -Do not provide attention when whining occurs - ignore the behavior -Put Ted in his room for time-out whenever he whines -Prevent access to preferred items following whining - keep items out of reach

PREVENT ACCESS TO PREFERRED ITEMS FOLLOWING WHINING-KEEP ITEMS OUT OF REACH

Which procedure is used to gradually transfer control from a prompt to a naturally occurring event in the learner's environment? -Prompt fading -Continuous reinforcement -Chaining -Extinction

PROMPT FADING

Carrie often bites her nails and the skin around her fingers until they bleed. She does this throughout the day no matter what she is doing or who else is around. Each morning before session, the RBT tapes Carrie's fingertips. Carrie is still able to bring her fingertips into her mouth, but the tape prevents her from biting the nail or skin around the fingertips. The RBT is using which type of extinction procedure for Carrie's nail and skin biting behavior? -Sensory extinction -Tangible extinction -Attention extinction -Escape extinction

SENSORY EXTINCTION

Kip is a boy with autism who loves playing sports that involve kicking balls such as soccer and kick-ball, but struggles kicking a moving ball correctly. RBT Antonio begins to teach Kip to kick a moving ball by having Kip stand in one place and kick a stationary ball. If Kip kicks the ball correctly, Antonio lets Kip play with the ball (reinforcer). If Kip engages in another behavior or does not kick the ball, then Kip does not get to play with the ball. Once Kip is reliably kicking the stationary ball, Antonio increases the difficulty in the next step by slowly rolling the ball to Kip from a few feet away while Kip continues to stand in one place. Antonio lets Kip play with the ball if he kicks the moving ball correctly but does not let Kip play with the ball if he engages in another behavior or does not kick the ball at all. Antonio continues to differentially reinforce Kip's successive approximations until he engages in the terminal skill. Which procedure is Antonio using to teach Kip how to kick a moving ball? -Shaping -Instructional control -Discrimination training -Backwards chaining

SHAPING

Place items, one at a time, in front of the client and mark whether the client moves toward, avoids, or makes no response to the item that is presented. This describes which preference assessment? -Single-Item Approach -Free-Operant -Paired-Stimulus -Single-Item Duration

SINGLE-ITEM APPROACH

Which of the following is an example of behavior? -Getting kicked -Being bored -Worrying -Smiling

SMILING

Bobby loves chocolate chip cookies. When he gets home from school, he asks his mom if he can have a cookie. His mom says, "No, you will not be hungry for dinner later if you eat a cookie now." A couple hours later when Bobby's dad gets home from work, Bobby greets him at the door and asks if he can have a cookie. His dad says, "Sure, but only one cookie, and don't tell your mother!" Now, every time Bobby wants a cookie, he asks his dad. When a behavior occurs more often in the presence of a stimulus (dad) due to a history of reinforcement, this is known as: -Pairing -Instructional control -Reinforcement -Stimulus control

STIMULUS CONTROL

A parent has a concern about her daughter's programming and makes a request to the RBT about changing a few things. The RBT should: -Tell the parent that RBTs are not allowed to make case decisions and the information will be relayed to the supervising behavior analyst -Show the parent the progress that other clients are making with a similar program to that of her daughter's program -Explain the rationale for all treatment decisions made by the behavior analyst and future plans that have been outline for the client -Give suggestions of what the parent should change at home to increase effectiveness of her daughter's program

TELL THE PARENT THAT RBTS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO MAKE CASE DECISIONS AND THE INFORMATION WILL BE RELAYED TO THE SUPERVISING BEHAVIOR ANALYST

Behavior analysis studies the relationship between behavior and: -The mind -Chemical substances -Human social groups -The environment

THE ENVIRONMENT

Which is an example of an objective observation? Joseph: -Got frustrated when someone asked him to share the TV -Was a bad boy after coming in from recess -Threatened a staff member when told he couldn't have a snack -Acted inappropriately during lunch time

THREATENED A STAFF MEMBER WHEN TOLD HE COULDN'T HAVE A SNACK

Why is it important for RBTs to effectively communicate with their supervisors? -To establish a personal relationship with their supervisor in order to strengthen the working relationship -For the RBT to act as the middleman for communication and interaction between the supervisor and the client and/or caregivers -For the RBT to make program changes on their own without the need to consult their supervisor each time -To ensure that their supervisor is updated on all client information to make effective programming decisions

TO ENSURE THAT THEIR SUPERVISOR IS UPDATED ON ALL CLIENT INFORMATION TO MAKE EFFECTIVE PROGRAMMING DECISIONS

Jeremy's mother gives him a sticker when he completes a household chore. Jeremy can choose a favorite activity to do once he has earned a total of five stickers. This is an example of (a): -Natural environment training -Match-to-sample task -Token economy -Level system

TOKEN ECONOMY

Trent is an RBT who is working on folding laundry with his client, Jake. Trent has reported increased progress in Jake's folding skills, with Jake even folding some laundry items independently. In today's session, Trent got out the laundry basket full of clothes and placed it in front of Jake. Jake did not begin to fold the laundry. The behavior plan specifies to use least-to-most prompting, if prompts are needed to occasion the response. How could Trent use least-to-most prompting to occasion the response? -Trial 1 - no prompt (independent opportunity); Trial 2 - make a verbal statement ("Time to fold your laundry"); Trial 3 - demonstrate (model) the correct folding response; Trial 4 - full hand-over-hand -Trial 1 - 0-second delay (immediate full prompt); Trial 2 - 1-second delay before full prompt; Trial 3 - 3-second delay before full prompt; Trial 4 - full delay (independent opportunity) -Trial 1 - full hand-over-hand; Trial 2 - demonstrate (model) the correct folding response; Trial 3 - make a verbal statement ("Time to fold your laundry"); Trial 4 - no prompt (independent opportunity) -Keep his hands close to Jake's hands but allow for Jake to respond independently; physically guide Jake only when he stops folding items

TRIAL 1- NO PROMPT (INDEPENDENT OPPORTUNITY); TRIAL 2-MAKE A VERBAL STATEMENT ("TIME TO FOLD YOUR LAUNDRY"), TRIAL 3- DEMONSTRATE (MODEL) THE CORRECT FOLDING RESPONSE, TRIAL 4-FULL HAND OVER HAND

A BCBA has written a behavior reduction plan for a client named Jay who frequently engages in hitting others. Ed, the RBT on the case, has been tracking Jay's hitting for the past month. After the first month, the graph of Jay's hitting behavior indicates a 50% decrease in hitting behavior since the implementation of the plan. Over the next few days however, the number of incidents of hitting suddenly increases. Since there is a team case meeting coming up at the end of the week, Ed decides not to graph the sudden increase in hits. In this scenario, Ed's behavior is: -Unethical; Ed has an ethical obligation to record, graph, and report on all data to the team regardless of the outcome -Ethical; the increase in hits is sudden and will likely not maintain so there is no need to report it to the team -Unethical; as an RBT, Ed should not be graphing data at all, he should only be recording it on a data sheet -Ethical; it is okay to withhold data if it is within one week of a scheduled team case meeting

UNETHICAL; ED HAS AN ETHICAL OBLIGATION TO RECORD, GRAPH, AND REPORT ON ALL DATA TO THE TEAM REGARDLESS OF THE OUTCOME

An RBT is using total task chaining to teach a skill to a learner. During teaching trials, the learner is having difficulty performing some of the steps of the sequence independently. What should the RBT do next when using total task chaining? -Start over, and use a full physical prompt for all steps to guarantee the learner performs the entire sequence correctly -Use graduated guidance only for the few steps the learner has difficulty performing -Repeatedly practice only the difficult steps in the sequence, and skip the steps the learner is completing independently -Skip the difficult steps in the sequence, and come back to them on the next trial

USE GRADUATED GUIDANCE ONLY FOR THE FEW STEPS THE LEARNER HAS DIFFICULTY PERFORMING

David is an RBT at a behavioral agency. During their weekly individual supervision meetings, David's supervisor only reviews client-related issues regarding the cases he is assigned to, and rarely has time to discuss David's performance as an RBT. A few months later, David's supervisor tells him that he should find another supervisor, as he consistently performing poorly. If he could do things differently, what would have been the best course of action for David to take during the weekly meetings with his supervisor? -Verbally request feedback from his supervisor on his performance if one or two weeks went by without any direct feedback -Immediately report his supervisor's behavior to the caregivers of his clients and other staff members working at the agency -Ask the other RBTs who were also assigned on his same cases for feedback regarding his performance on specific skills -All of these would have been appropriate courses of action for David to take

VERBALLY REQUEST FEEDBACK FROM HIS SUPERVISOR ON HIS PERFORMANCE IF ONE OR TWO WEEKS WENT BY WITHOUT ANY DIRECT FEEDBACK

The number of bites of food, percent correct on a math worksheet, rate of kicks per hour, and total duration of crying are all measures of a target behavior. On an equal-interval line graph, the values of the target behavior are always represented on the: -Phase change lines -Horizontal x-axis -Figure legend -Vertical y-axis

VERTICAL Y-AXIS

When communicating with stakeholders, it is appropriate for RBTs to discuss: -Insurance/billing information, payment plans, and informed consents -The results of a functional assessment conducted by the BCBA, and future treatment recommendations for the client -Work schedules and when the RBT is scheduled to be working with the client next -The reason a specific treatment procedure was chosen over alternative procedures

WELL ITS NOT INSURANCE...OR RESULTS OF AN FA

Neil is using shaping to teach his client to read a book. The shaping responses are as follows: 1) open the cover, 2) read a sentence, 3) read a paragraph, 4) read a page, 5) read 3 pages, and 6) read the entire book. If Neil is currently teaching response 5 reading 3 pages in a book, which responses should receive reinforcement? -Step 5 only -All responses should receive reinforcement -Steps 5 and 6 -Responses 1, 2, 3, and 4

WELL ITS NOT Step 5 only OR Responses 1, 2, 3, and 4

Courtney engages in property destruction, defined as breaking items. She typically engages in this behavior when her parents ask her to do chores around the house. The functional analysis revealed that property destruction is maintained by escape (breaks) from tasks (chores). The behavior plan specifies using a DRA procedure to decrease property destruction and increase appropriate requests for a break (i.e. saying "break"). When should the RBT deliver the reinforcer of a break from the task? -Every minute, regardless of what Courtney is doing when the 1-minute timer goes off -When Courtney appropriately asks for a break by saying "break" -If Courtney engages in property destruction six times or less in an hour of doing her chores -If Courtney does not engage in property destruction for a 1-minute time period

WHEN COURTNEY APPROPRIATELY ASKS FOR A BREAK BY SAYING "BREAK"

Kara is an RBT collecting data on Eric's in-seat behavior. Kara observes Eric across 20-second intervals. If Eric remains in his seat for the entire 20-second interval, Kara marks a "+" on the data sheet at the end of the interval. If Eric gets out of his seat at any point during a 20-second interval, Kara marks a "-" for that interval. Which measurement procedure is Kara using? -Whole Interval Recording (WIR) -Momentary Time Sample (MTS) -Partial Interval Recording (PIR) -Discrete Categorization

WHOLE INTERVAL RECORDING (WIR)