final database

Which query is used to list a unique value for V_CODE, where the list will produce only a list of those values that are different from one another? SELECT DISTINCT V_CODEFROM PRODUCT; SELECT DIFFERENT V_CODEFROM PRODUCT; SELECT UNIQUE V_CODEFROM PRODUCT; SELECT ONLY V_CODEFROM PRODUCT;

SELECT ONLY V_CODEFROM PRODUCT

A multivalued attribute is _____. a. an attribute that can have many values. b. an attribute represented by double values. c. an attribute that can have many entities. d. All of the above

a

A repeating group is defined as _____. a. a characteristic describing a group of multiple entries of the same or multiple types for a single key attribute occurrence b. a characteristic describing a group of multiple entries of the same or multiple values for a single key attribute occurrence c. a characteristic describing a group of multiple entries of the same or multiple types d. a characteristic describing a group of multiple entries of the same or multiple values

a

Inherent problems of M:N relationships cannot be avoided by creating? a. Transient entity b. Composite entity c. Bridge entity d. Associative entity

a

What are the components of database systems? a. Hardware, software, people, procedures, data b. Hardware, system, people, programs, data c. System, personnel, programs, data d. Software, personnel, procedures, data

a

What does Big Data refer to? a. A movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web- and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost. b. A model that represents complex data relationships. c. A model that works with a data subset of the global database schema. d. An abstract representation of a real-world entity that has a unique identity, embedded properties, and the ability to interact with other objects and itself.

a

Which of the following is a valid multirow subquery operator? a. ALL b. IN c. EVERY d. EXISTS

a

Which of the following is not a true statement about entities? a. An entity is an object of interest to the end designer. b. An entity refers to the entity set and not to a single entity occurrence. c. The ERM refers to a table row as an entity instance or entity occurrence. d. The entity name, a noun, is usually written in all capital letters.

a

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. A database that is designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations is classified as an analytical database. b. Online analytical processing is a set of tools that work together to provide an advanced data analysis environment for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse. c. The data warehouse is a specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support. d. Analytical database focuses primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.

a

Which of the following is the correct syntax of a SELECT statement? a. SELECT columnlistFROM tablelist[WHERE conditionlist ][ORDER BY columnlist [ASC | DESC]; b. SELECT columnlist[WHERE conditionlist ]FROM tablelist[ORDER BY columnlist [ASC | DESC]; c. SELECT tablelistFROM columnlist[WHERE conditionlist ][ORDER BY columnlist [ASC | DESC]; d. SELECT tablelistFROM columnlist[ORDER BY columnlist [ASC | DESC][WHERE conditionlist ];

a

Which of the following statements best defines a recursive entity? a. A recursive relationship is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the same entity set. b. A recursive relationship is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the same entity set or another entity. c. A recursive relationship is one in which one or more attributes can exist between occurrences of the same entity set. d. A recursive relationship is one in which one or more attributes can exist between occurrences of the same entity set or another entity.

a

Which of the following statements best defines an index? a. An index is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table. b. An index is an orderly arrangement used to physically access rows in a table. c. An index is used to logically access rows in a table. d. An index is used to physically access rows in a table

a

Which of the following statements best describes a partial dependency? a. A partial dependency exists when there is a functional dependence in which the determinant is only part of the primary key. b. A partial dependency exists when there is no functional dependence in which the determinant is only part of the primary key. c. A partial dependency exists when there is a functional dependence in which the determinant is the primary key. d. A partial dependency exists when there is no functional dependence in which the determinant is the primary key.

a

Which statement best defines a schema? a. A schema is a logical group of database objects—such as tables and indexes—that are related to each other. b. A schema is a logical group of database objects—such as tables and indexes—that may not be related to each other. c. A schema is a physical group of database objects—such as tables and indexes—that are related to each other. d. A schema is a physical group of database objects—such as tables and indexes—that may not be related to each other

a

Why is identifying and documenting business rules essential to database design? a. It helps to standardize the company's view of data. b. It can be a communication tool between users and managers. c. It allows the designer to manage business processes. d. It allows the user understand relationship participation rules and constraints.

a

A(n) _____ is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement. stored function data type trigger alias

alias

Each row in the relational table is known as an ________? a. entity set b. entity occurrence c. entity tuple d. entity relation

b

Normalization is a process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize _____. a. data anomalies and integrity b. data redundancy and anomalies c. data redundancy and security d. data integrity and security

b

Which of the following is a valid UPDATE command? a. UPDATE table_name WHERE condition b. UPDATE table_name SET column_name WHERE condition c. UPDATE column_name SET table_name WHERE condition d. UPDATE column_name WHERE condition

b

Which of the following is not a function of DBMS? a. Metadata management b. Performance tuning c. Security management d. Data presentation management

b

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. Database design refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data. b. Data is the foundation of facts, which is the bedrock of information and knowledge. c. A database is a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection user-data and metadata. d. Data redundancy exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places.

b

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. The proper use of foreign keys minimizes data redundancies. b. The real test of redundancy is how many copies of a given attribute are stored. c. The proper use of foreign keys minimizes the chances that destructive data anomalies will develop. d. The real test of redundancy is whether the elimination of an attribute will eliminate information.

b

Which of the following is not true about attribute naming conventions? a. They should be unique within the entity. b. They should not use the entity abbreviation as a prefix. c. They should be descriptive of the characteristic. d. They should not contain spaces or special characters such as @, !, or &

b

Which of the following lists problems with file system data processing? a. Development complexity, administration complexity, and answers complexity b. Development complexity, administration complexity, and lack of security c. Administration simplicity, security complexity, and answers simplicity d. Administration simplicity, answers simplicity, and lack of security

b

Which of the following statements best defines a record? a. A record is a collection of fields. b. A record is a set of related fields. c. A record is a set of data in related files. d. A record is collection of data in files.

b

Which of the following statements best defines an outer join? a. An outer join returns only the rows matching the join condition and rows with unmatched values are not returned. b. An outer join returns not only the rows matching the join condition, but it also returns the rows with unmatched values. c. An outer join returns only unmatched values and matched values are not returned. d. An outer join returns only matched values and matched values are not returned.

b

Which of the following statements best defines data dictionary? a. The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all entities in the database created by the user and designer. b. The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the user and designer. c. The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all entities in the database created by the developer and designer. d. The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the developer and designer

b

Which of the following statements best defines entity integrity purpose? a. Each row identifies other rows in other tables. b. Each row will have a unique identity, and foreign key values can properly reference primary key values. c. Each row will have a unique identity. d. Each row will have a value identifying foreign key values in other tables.

b

Which of the following statements best defines functional dependence? a. The value of an attribute determines the value of one or more other attributes. b. The value of one or more attributes determines the value of one or more other attributes. c. The data type of an attribute determines the data type of another attribute. d. An attribute determines the relationship of one or more other attributes.

b

Which of the following statements is true? a. Each entity should be atomic. b. Each entity should represent a set of distinguishable entity instances. c. All entities should be in 4NF or higher. Any entities below 4NF should be justified. d. The ethnicity of the entity instance should be clearly defined.

b

Building an ERD involves the following activities except a. Creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations. b. Identifying the business rules based on the description of operations. c. Identifying all entities and relationships from the business rules. d. Identifying the attributes and primary keys that adequately describe the entities.

c

What is the most important advantage of relational database management systems? a. The use of Structured Query Language (SQL). b. The need to focus on the physical aspects of the database. c. The ability to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user. d. The level of controlled redundancy

c

What is the result of redundant data in the database? a. Lack of data sharing among database users b. Increased data security that leads to data access c. Data anomalies that lead to data inconsistency d. Enforced data integrity that leads to data anomalies

c

Which SQL command changes the structure of a TABLE? a. MODIFY b. AMEND c. ALTER d. CHANGE

c

Which of the following is a valid SQL statement? a. SELECT FROM table_name column1, coulmn2; b. SELECT FROM table_name column1, coulmn2 c. SELECT column1, coulmn2 FROM table_name; d. SELECT column1, coulmn2 FROM table_name Hide Feedback

c

Which of the following is not a task performed by natural join? a. Determining the common attribute(s) by looking for attributes with identical names and compatible data types b. Selecting only the rows with common values in the common attribute(s) c. If there are common attributes, returning the relational product of the two tables d. If there are no common attributes, returning the relational product of the two tables

c

Which of the following is not a valid Codd's Relational Database rule? a. The database must support set-level inserts, updates, and deletes. b. Every value in a table is guaranteed to be accessible through a combination of table name, primary key value, and column name. c. Any view is theoretically updatable. d. Application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when physical access methods or storage structures are changed.

c

Which of the following is not a valid clause of CREATE TABLE statements? a. CREATE TABLE b. PRIMARY KEY c. FOREIGN KEY d. CONSTRAINT e. All of the above f. None of the above

c

Which of the following is not a valid component of the Object-Oriented Data Model? a. Class b. Method c. Relation d. Inheritance

c

Which of the following is not a valid connectivity statement? a. PAINTER paints many PAINTINGs b. An EMPLOYEE learns many SKILLs c. A CUSTOMER gender is MALE or FEMALE d. An EMPLOYEE manages a STORE

c

Which of the following is not a valid outer join? a. RIGHT OUTER JOIN b. LEFT OUTER JOIN c. ALL OUTER JOIN d. FULL OUTER JOIN

c

Which of the following is not a valid relational set operator? a. UNION b. INTERSECT c. DIFFERENCE d. EXCEPT

c

Which of the following is not true about ER models? a. ER models should be validated against expected processes: inserts, updates, and deletions. b. ER models should evaluate where, when, and how to maintain a history. c. ER models should contain redundant relationships except as required. d. ER models should minimize data redundancy to ensure single-place updates.

c

Which of the following is not used for Big Data technology? a. Hadoop b. NoSQL c. SQL d. MapReduce

c

Which of the following is not used to change a COLUMN in an TABLE? a. ADD b. MODIFY c. DELETE d. DROP

c

Which of the following statements best defines cardinality? a. Cardinality expresses the maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. b. Cardinality expresses the minimum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. c. Cardinality expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. d. Cardinality expresses number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity.

c

Which of the following statements is true? a. DBMS is Database Management Software. b. DBMS is a collection of programs that manages meta data. c. DBMS is a set of processes that manages and control access to data stored in the database. d. All of the above e. None of the above

c

The SQL command that allows a user to permanently save data changes is _____. COMMIT UPDATE SELECT INSERT

commit

A derived attribute is _____. a. an attribute whose value is part of another attribute. b. an attribute whose value is related to other attributes. c. an attribute whose value is composed of other attributes. d. an attribute whose value is calculated from other attributes.

d

A single-valued attribute _____. a. may be a composite attribute because it can be subdivided into several parts. b. is not necessarily a simple attribute. c. is an attribute that can have only a single value. d. All the above

d

Atomicity refers to_____. a. an attribute is atomic that can be further subdivided. b. an attribute is atomic that can be composed. c. an attribute is atomic that cannot be further composed. d. an attribute is atomic that cannot be further subdivided

d

If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then _____. a. it is existence-independent. b. it can be referred to as a strong entity. c. it can be referred to as a regular entity. d. All of the above

d

Which command would you use to save and undo table changes? a. SAVE and UNDO b. COMMIT and UNDO c. SAVE and ROLLABACK d. COMMIT and ROLLBACK

d

Which of the following is a fundamental component of data modeling? a. Attribute b. Relationship c. Entity d. Constraint

d

Which of the following is a rare occurrence of a relationship degree? a. Unary relationship b. Binary relationship c. Ternary relationship d. Four-degree relationship

d

Which of the following is a valid business rule? a. An invoice may have many items. b. A customer may generate many invoices. c. A customer must reside in USA. d. All of the above e. None of the above

d

Which of the following is a valid characteristic of a VIEW? a. Views may be used as the basis for viewing hidden columns. b. Views provide a level of security in the database because they can restrict users to seeing a table. c. Views cannot be dynamically updated. d. You can use the name of a view anywhere a table name is expected in a SQL statement.

d

Which of the following is an advantage of DBMS? a. Data consistency b. Data security c. Data retrieval d. All of the above e. None of the above

d

Which of the following is known as a relation? a. Tuple b. File c. Entity d. Table

d

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a relational table? a. A table is perceived as a two-dimensional structure composed of rows and columns. b. Each table row (tuple) represents a single entity occurrence within the entity set. c. Each table column represents an attribute, and each column has a distinct name. d. All values in a column may have different data format

d

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of database systems? a. Increased costs b. Management complexity c. Vendor dependency d. Infrequent upgrades Hide Feedback

d

Which of the following is not a valid constraint? a. PRIMARY KEY b. FOREIGN KEY c. CHECK d. UNIQUE

d

Which of the following is not a valid key term in a relational model? a. Superkey b. Composite key c. Secondary Key d. Integrity key

d

Which of the following is not a valid relational set operator? a. UNION operator b. INTERSECT operator c. DIFFERENCE operator d. ADD operator

d

Which of the following statements best defines a transitive dependency? a. A condition in which an attribute is independent of another attribute that is not part of the primary key. b. A condition in which an attribute is dependent on another attribute that is part of the primary key. c. A condition in which an attribute is independent of another attribute that is part of the primary key. d. A condition in which an attribute is dependent on another attribute that is not part of the primary key.

d

Which of the following statements best defines optional attribute? a. An optional attribute is an attribute that requires a value and can be left empty. b. An optional attribute is an attribute that requires a value and can be an optional key. c. An optional attribute is an attribute that does not require a value and can be an optional key. d. An optional attribute is an attribute that does not require a value and can be left empty.

d

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a subquery? a. A subquery is a query (SELECT statement) inside another query. b. A subquery is normally expressed inside parentheses. c. The first query in the SQL statement is known as the outer query. d. The query inside the SQL statement is known as the inner query. e. The inner query is executed last. f. The output of an inner query is used as the input for the outer query.

e

Which of the following is not a valid arithmetic operator? a. + : Add b. - : Subtract c. * : Multiply d. / : Divide e. @: Raise to power of

e

Which of the following statements is not true? a. First normal form (1NF): Table format, no repeating groups, and PK identified. b. Second normal form (2NF): 1NF and no partial dependencies c. Third normal form (3NF): 2NF and no transitive dependencies d. Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF): Every determinant is a candidate key (special case of 3NF). e. Fourth normal form (4NF): 3NF and no dependent multivalued dependencies.

e

Which of the following statements is true about writing effective SQL queries? a. Know your data. b. Know the problem. c. Build one clause at a time. d. Build query components in the order FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, SELECT, and ORDER BY. e. All of the above. f. None of the above.

e

_____ is a relational set operator. EXCEPT ALL PLUS EXISTS

except

Which of the following is not a table constraint? a. NOT NULL b. UNIQUE c. DEFAULT d. ON UPDATE e. ON DELETE f. ON INSERT Hide Feedback

f

Which of the following restrictions is not valid? a. GROUP BY expressions or aggregate functions cannot be used. b. You cannot use set operators such as UNION, INTERSECT, and MINUS. c. Use of JOINs or group operators in views. d. Must be key-preserved; all values of the primary key must be kept unique. e. All of the above f. None of the above

f

SQL is considered difficult to learn; its command set has a vocabulary of more than 300 words. True False

false

The _____ command restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition. FROM HAVING DISPLAY CONVERT

having

When using a(n) _____ join, only rows from the tables that match on a common value are returned. inner outer set full

inner

According to the rules of precedence, which of the following computations should be completed first? Additions and subtractions Multiplications and divisions Operations within parentheses Power operations

operations within parentheses

A database language enables the user to perform complex queries designed to transform the raw data into useful information. True False

true

The ANSI SQL standards are also accepted by the ISO. True False

true