Final Exam
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of __________ ATP.
2
The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is:
2 in the inner shell, 8 in the second energy shell and 8 in the outer shell
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
Chromatin
becomes chromosomes when condensed
A study is done to evaluate the effect of medication on blood pressure. Two medications will be studied. What is the dependent variable in the study?
blood pressure
Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?
both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.
Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study?
female bats that are not pregnant
Simple diffusion of molecules occurs
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
The shape of a protein determines its _______
function
Write out the reaction/equation for cellular respiration.
glucose + oxygen > water + carbon dioxide + energy
Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water
has surface tension
If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as
hydrophilic
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n):
ion
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown here, is a(n) __________________ bond.
ionic bond
Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
it is denser when frozen than when liquid
Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. The chemical name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. What is the bicarbonate doing to help with stomach upset?
it is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid.
Cytoplasm
jellylike substance
What happens after glycolysis if there is not enough oxygen present?
lactic acid produced from pyruvate
What category of biological molecules are steroids included in?
lipids
cholesterol
lipids
Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?
living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature
What differentiates a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
location of genetic material
A study is done to evaluate the effect of medication on blood pressure. Two medications will be studied. What is the independent variable in the study?
medication
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. The chemical reactions that involve energy conversion are called:
metabolism
During which stage of meiosis will the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up?
metaphase I
What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?
mitochondria
Where do the phases of the preparatory reaction, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the cell?
mitochondria
The production of ATP in cellular respiration occurs through the
removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose
As fall approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristics of life?
response to the environment
Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix or pleated sheet?
secondary structure
Saturated fats are generally ______________________ at room temperature while unsaturated fats are generally _____________________ at room temperature.
solid, liquid
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes lipids
Ribosome
synthesizes proteins
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce
ATP
The product of the preparatory reaction is
Acetyl CoA
Which formula is a hydrocarbon?
CH4
Which of the following reactions is not part of the cellular respiration pathway?
Calvin cycle
Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Waste disposal
If a solution has a pH of 5 it is considered a(n) ___________________ while a solution with a pH of 9 would be considered a(n) _________
acid, base
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site
Cell membrane
controls what comes in and out of the cell
Protein shape can change with pH and temperature. Give an example.
cooking an egg or cooking meat
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Why do leaves change color in the fall?
decreased photosynthesis; exposes carotenoid pigments
Golgi apparatus
distribution center
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
does not require energy from the cell
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octet
Write out the reaction/equation for photosynthesis.
energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
An atom with a neutral charge has:
equal numbers of protons and electrons
A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will
express an intermediate phenotype
Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in
facilitated diffusion
What is the monomer of fats?
fatty acids or triglycerides
What process typically regulates enzymes when product levels are adequate? (and you want to stop the enzyme from continuing to make product)
feedback inhibition
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
number and sequence of amino acids
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific methods in the correct order? (list steps in order)
observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory
During cellular respiration, what is required for the mitochondria to operate?
oxygen
Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?
oxygen
Fermentation occurs if
oxygen is not present
The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in cellular respiration is _________________________ which produces _____________________________.
oxygen; water
Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?
photosynthesis
Why do plants look green?
plants reflect green light
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
The electron transport chain is considered more efficient than glycolysis alone. Why?
produced more ATP
Nucleolus
produces rRNA
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide results in:
two monomers
A water molecule is polar because of:
unequal sharing of electrons
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not DNA?
uracil
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons
In osmosis, ________ moves to balance molecular concentrations.
water
Where does the hydrogen (H) come from in photosynthesis to form glucose (C6H12O6)?
water
The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is
36-38
Meiosis results in ___________ daughter cells from one parent that are genetically __________________.
4, different
An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are:
78 protons and 78 electrons
The chemical form of energy in the body is _____
ATP
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in:
DNA
How does DNA differ from RNA?
DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.
The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound?
H2O
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Has ribosomes attached
How is it possible that the child of 2 brown eyed parents has blue eyes?
If both parents are heterozygous then there is a 25% chance that a child could have blue eyes.
In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________________ while the Calvin cycle ______________________.
capture solar energy; converts energy to chemical potential energy
cellulose
carbohydrate
energy
carbohydrate
starch
carbohydrate
When a carbon (C) is removed from the carbohydrate structure in cellular respiration, where does it go? (hint: what does it form?)
carbon dioxide
Where does the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) come from during photosynthesis to form glucose (C6H12O6)?
carbon dioxide
What is the main job of the citric acid cycle?
collect hydrogens from carbohydrate structure
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
concentration of H+ present in a solution
Nucleus
contains genetic information
The basic building block or subunit organic molecules is called a(n)
monomer
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides
genetic information
nucleic acids
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not RNA?
thymine
The purpose of a control group is an experiment is:
to compare to other test groups
Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.
true
Organisms that have had foreign genes inserted into them are called transgenic organisms.
true