Final Exam

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of __________ ATP.

2

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is:

2 in the inner shell, 8 in the second energy shell and 8 in the outer shell

What is the monomer of proteins?

amino acids

Chromatin

becomes chromosomes when condensed

A study is done to evaluate the effect of medication on blood pressure. Two medications will be studied. What is the dependent variable in the study?

blood pressure

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant brown bats. What would be the best control group for this study?

female bats that are not pregnant

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

The shape of a protein determines its _______

function

Write out the reaction/equation for cellular respiration.

glucose + oxygen > water + carbon dioxide + energy

Sucrose, cellulose, amino acids and starch are all made from what starter molecule in plants?

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

hydrophilic

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n):

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown here, is a(n) __________________ bond.

ionic bond

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

it is denser when frozen than when liquid

Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. The chemical name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. What is the bicarbonate doing to help with stomach upset?

it is serving as a buffer to take up excess H+ ions from stomach acid.

Cytoplasm

jellylike substance

What happens after glycolysis if there is not enough oxygen present?

lactic acid produced from pyruvate

What category of biological molecules are steroids included in?

lipids

cholesterol

lipids

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature

What differentiates a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

location of genetic material

A study is done to evaluate the effect of medication on blood pressure. Two medications will be studied. What is the independent variable in the study?

medication

Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. The chemical reactions that involve energy conversion are called:

metabolism

During which stage of meiosis will the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up?

metaphase I

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

Where do the phases of the preparatory reaction, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the cell?

mitochondria

The production of ATP in cellular respiration occurs through the

removal of electrons and hydrogen from glucose

As fall approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of which characteristics of life?

response to the environment

Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix or pleated sheet?

secondary structure

Saturated fats are generally ______________________ at room temperature while unsaturated fats are generally _____________________ at room temperature.

solid, liquid

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesizes lipids

Ribosome

synthesizes proteins

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to produce

ATP

The product of the preparatory reaction is

Acetyl CoA

Which formula is a hydrocarbon?

CH4

Which of the following reactions is not part of the cellular respiration pathway?

Calvin cycle

Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast

Lysosome

Waste disposal

If a solution has a pH of 5 it is considered a(n) ___________________ while a solution with a pH of 9 would be considered a(n) _________

acid, base

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

Cell membrane

controls what comes in and out of the cell

Protein shape can change with pH and temperature. Give an example.

cooking an egg or cooking meat

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

decreased photosynthesis; exposes carotenoid pigments

Golgi apparatus

distribution center

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octet

Write out the reaction/equation for photosynthesis.

energy + carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen

An atom with a neutral charge has:

equal numbers of protons and electrons

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

express an intermediate phenotype

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion

What is the monomer of fats?

fatty acids or triglycerides

What process typically regulates enzymes when product levels are adequate? (and you want to stop the enzyme from continuing to make product)

feedback inhibition

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

number and sequence of amino acids

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific methods in the correct order? (list steps in order)

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

During cellular respiration, what is required for the mitochondria to operate?

oxygen

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

oxygen

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in cellular respiration is _________________________ which produces _____________________________.

oxygen; water

Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process?

photosynthesis

Why do plants look green?

plants reflect green light

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

The electron transport chain is considered more efficient than glycolysis alone. Why?

produced more ATP

Nucleolus

produces rRNA

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide results in:

two monomers

A water molecule is polar because of:

unequal sharing of electrons

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in RNA but not DNA?

uracil

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

valence electrons

In osmosis, ________ moves to balance molecular concentrations.

water

Where does the hydrogen (H) come from in photosynthesis to form glucose (C6H12O6)?

water

The number of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule is

36-38

Meiosis results in ___________ daughter cells from one parent that are genetically __________________.

4, different

An element has an atomic number of 78. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are:

78 protons and 78 electrons

The chemical form of energy in the body is _____

ATP

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in:

DNA

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.

The O2 given off during photosynthesis is derived from which compound?

H2O

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Has ribosomes attached

How is it possible that the child of 2 brown eyed parents has blue eyes?

If both parents are heterozygous then there is a 25% chance that a child could have blue eyes.

In photosynthesis, the light reactions ________________ while the Calvin cycle ______________________.

capture solar energy; converts energy to chemical potential energy

cellulose

carbohydrate

energy

carbohydrate

starch

carbohydrate

When a carbon (C) is removed from the carbohydrate structure in cellular respiration, where does it go? (hint: what does it form?)

carbon dioxide

Where does the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) come from during photosynthesis to form glucose (C6H12O6)?

carbon dioxide

What is the main job of the citric acid cycle?

collect hydrogens from carbohydrate structure

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

concentration of H+ present in a solution

Nucleus

contains genetic information

The basic building block or subunit organic molecules is called a(n)

monomer

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

genetic information

nucleic acids

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

nucleotides

Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not RNA?

thymine

The purpose of a control group is an experiment is:

to compare to other test groups

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

true

Organisms that have had foreign genes inserted into them are called transgenic organisms.

true