Final exam A&P 2 (edit)
The human ear can detect what frequency of vibrations?
20 to 20,000 Hz
Which of the following describes the duplicity theory of vision?
A single type of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution.
Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?
ACTH
Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired
Abducens-V
Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following which pathway?
Auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve
What are the first-order neurons in the visual pathway?
Bipolar cells
From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?
Dural sinus
What is the crista ampullaris associated with?
Dynamic equilibrium in angular acceleration
Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.
False
Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia
False
Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.
False
The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis
False
The enteric system controls the digestive system with no extrinsic control necessary.
False
The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.
False
There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.
False
Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.
False
vasomotor tone is controlled by using the sympathetic division for vasodilation and the parasympathetic division for vasoconstriction.
False
which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?
Fingers
In a taste bud, which cell produces a receptor potential?
Gustatory cells
Which of the following is not a cause of Cushing syndrome?
Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to the polyuria and dehydration associated with diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis
What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?
The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
True
Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergi receptor is usually inhibitory.
True
Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs
True
The adrenal medulla is modified sympathetic ganglion
True
The wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language.
True
Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously.
True
the parasympathetic division stimulates digestion
True
Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?
V
which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (Vlll)
When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called __________.
accommodation
The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are)
acetylcholine (ACh)
The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention.
adrenal cortex; aldosterone
The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by __________.
alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
The _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.
anterior pituitary
What event causes rhodospin to go from violet to clear in color?
cis-retinal straightens to become trans-retinal
The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by __________.
cortisol
Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium
false
Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes.
false
Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light
false
Pain, heat, and cold are detected by
free nerve endings
which of the following are unencapsulated endings?
free nerve endings
Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.
glucagon; raises
The anterior pituitary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.
larger; no nervous
Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the _________ and the __________.
liver; kidneys
The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.
melatonin
Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.
negative feedback inhibition
sympathetic fibers do not release _______
nitric oxide (NO)
Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the _____ and exit the eye by way of the optic nerve.
optic disc
When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your __________.
semicircular ducts
The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the _____.
skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis
Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________.
stress
where is the primary olfactory cortex located?
temporal lobe
Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and insulin decreases it. This is an example of _____.
the antagonistic effect
The solar plexus is used as a name for the ______.
the celiac and mesenteric ganglia
Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.
thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary
Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.
true
Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.
true
Hormones that bind to proteins while transported in the blood generally have a longer half-life.
true
Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.
true
Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.
true
The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.
true
The ossicles belong to the middle ear.
true
The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.
true
Which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus?
Hypoglycemia
Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain ?
Hypothalamus
Which structure acts as a transducer in the spiral organ?
Inner hair cell
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
Insulin
Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
It has long preganglionic fibers
The incus articulates with which bone(s)?
Malleus and stapes
What do pheromones stimulate?
Olfactory cells
Which of these hormones does not stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?
PRL
What is the correct order of cells in the retina from back to front?
Photoreceptor-bipolar-ganglion
Which of the following is not considered an optic component of the eye?
Retina
Which of the following structures belong to the inner ear?
Semicircular duct
which of the following structures belong to the inner ear?
Semicircular duct
Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?
Substantia nigra
Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?
Temporal lobe
The three types of cones in the retina are differentiated from one another by what feature?
The absorption peak of their photopsin
When you travel in an elevator, what senses when the elevator is moving?
The hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi
Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?
CRH
The cerebellum is _______ to the cerebrum
Caudal
In which structure is the arbor vitae found?
Cerebellum
Which of the following structures houses the spiral organ?
Cochlea
The spinal organ is housed within which of the following structures?
Cochlear duct
The spiral organ is housed within which of the following structures?
Cochlear duct
The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?
Commissural
