Final exam A&P 2 (edit)

The human ear can detect what frequency of vibrations?

20 to 20,000 Hz

Which of the following describes the duplicity theory of vision?

A single type of receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution.

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

ACTH

Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired

Abducens-V

Stimuli produced by sound waves reach the brain following which pathway?

Auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlear duct → spiral organ → fibers of cochlear nerve

What are the first-order neurons in the visual pathway?

Bipolar cells

From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?

Dural sinus

What is the crista ampullaris associated with?

Dynamic equilibrium in angular acceleration

Divergent sensory pathways explain the phenomenon of referred pain.

False

Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia

False

Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light.

False

The autonomic nervous system carries out many somatic reflexes that are crucial to homeostasis

False

The enteric system controls the digestive system with no extrinsic control necessary.

False

The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.

False

There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.

False

Transduction begins with an action potential in a sensory receptor.

False

vasomotor tone is controlled by using the sympathetic division for vasodilation and the parasympathetic division for vasoconstriction.

False

which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?

Fingers

In a taste bud, which cell produces a receptor potential?

Gustatory cells

Which of the following is not a cause of Cushing syndrome?

Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to the polyuria and dehydration associated with diabetes mellitus?

Hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?

The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

True

Binding of norepinephrine (NE) to an alpha-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory, and binding to a beta-adrenergi receptor is usually inhibitory.

True

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs

True

The adrenal medulla is modified sympathetic ganglion

True

The wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language.

True

Under normal circumstances, both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are active simultaneously.

True

the parasympathetic division stimulates digestion

True

Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?

V

which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?

Vestibulocochlear nerve (Vlll)

When you view objects close to the eye, the eye makes an adjustment called __________.

accommodation

The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are)

acetylcholine (ACh)

The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention.

adrenal cortex; aldosterone

The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by __________.

alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine

The _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.

anterior pituitary

What event causes rhodospin to go from violet to clear in color?

cis-retinal straightens to become trans-retinal

The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by __________.

cortisol

Light falling on the retina is absorbed by rhodopsin and photopsin in the pigment epithelium

false

Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes.

false

Rods secrete glutamate from the base of the cell when exposed to light

false

Pain, heat, and cold are detected by

free nerve endings

which of the following are unencapsulated endings?

free nerve endings

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.

glucagon; raises

The anterior pituitary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.

larger; no nervous

Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the _________ and the __________.

liver; kidneys

The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.

melatonin

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

negative feedback inhibition

sympathetic fibers do not release _______

nitric oxide (NO)

Nerve fibers from all regions of the retina converge on the _____ and exit the eye by way of the optic nerve.

optic disc

When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your __________.

semicircular ducts

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the _____.

skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis

Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________.

stress

where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

temporal lobe

Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration and insulin decreases it. This is an example of _____.

the antagonistic effect

The solar plexus is used as a name for the ______.

the celiac and mesenteric ganglia

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.

thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary

Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.

true

Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.

true

Hormones that bind to proteins while transported in the blood generally have a longer half-life.

true

Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.

true

Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.

true

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.

true

The ossicles belong to the middle ear.

true

The vestibule contains organs of hearing and equilibrium.

true

Which of the following is not a characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

Hypoglycemia

Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain ?

Hypothalamus

Which structure acts as a transducer in the spiral organ?

Inner hair cell

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

Insulin

Which of the following is not a feature of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

It has long preganglionic fibers

The incus articulates with which bone(s)?

Malleus and stapes

What do pheromones stimulate?

Olfactory cells

Which of these hormones does not stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?

PRL

What is the correct order of cells in the retina from back to front?

Photoreceptor-bipolar-ganglion

Which of the following is not considered an optic component of the eye?

Retina

Which of the following structures belong to the inner ear?

Semicircular duct

which of the following structures belong to the inner ear?

Semicircular duct

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?

Substantia nigra

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

Temporal lobe

The three types of cones in the retina are differentiated from one another by what feature?

The absorption peak of their photopsin

When you travel in an elevator, what senses when the elevator is moving?

The hair cells of the otolithic membrane of the macula sacculi

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

CRH

The cerebellum is _______ to the cerebrum

Caudal

In which structure is the arbor vitae found?

Cerebellum

Which of the following structures houses the spiral organ?

Cochlea

The spinal organ is housed within which of the following structures?

Cochlear duct

The spiral organ is housed within which of the following structures?

Cochlear duct

The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?

Commissural