Final Exam - Abnormal Psychology

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

- Exposed to, witnessed, or experienced the details of a traumatic experience. This is one that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence Symptoms: - Flashbacks - Nightmares - Startle responses - Difficulty remembering aspects of the event - Troubling memories of event

ADHD primarily hyperactive type

- Fidgets with hands, feet, or squirms - Leaves seat - Talks excessively - Difficulty in waiting turns; blurts out replies - Interrupts, intrudes

Panic Disorder

- Heart beats fast - Profuse sweating - Unable to breathe well - Feels as though the walls are closing in

General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

- Occurs when anxiety becomes debilitating or severely interferes with daily functioning - Typically stressful life events triggers these symptoms - Psychotropic medications can help temporarily reduce these symptoms

C

According to the textbook, which brain region is best believed to play a critical role in OCD? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex

D

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have? A. bipolar B. peripartum/postpartum C. persistent depressive D. seasonal pattern

ADHD

Behavior marked by chronic impulsiveness, low tolerance to frustration, inattention, and generally significant inappropriate activity - 1/3 of ____ kids grow up to be psychopaths - 1/3 of kids outgrow it - 1/3 are fine with medication

A

Bipolar disorder was formerly called _____. A. manic-depression. B. hysteria. C. illness anxiety disorder. D. multiple personality disorder

Disorganized Schizophrenia

Can't control emotions in a normal way

B

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months

Seasonal Depression

Depression occurring during months when darkness is longer than light - Previously called SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)

Families

Depression shows a strong tendency to run in _____________

D

Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves ________. A. depersonalization B. derealization C. schizophrenia D. different personalities

B

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia

A

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless. B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other. C. hates being outside the home alone. D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day.

D

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________. A. exhibit an extreme fear of water. B. insist that she hears voices. C .refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day. D. wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

B

Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way, and she finds it nearly impossible to relax. Edwina's therapist believes her symptoms best represent ___ A. obsessive-compulsive. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

Major Depressive Disorder

Extreme depression resulting ina marked struggle with daily functions

Delusions

False beliefs about reality

D

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue

Negative

Functions are taken away

A

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A. concern over germs B. germs C. spending hours washing her hands D. spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home

C

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she _________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression. B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode. C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired.

B

In explaining the development of schizophrenia, the diathesis-stress model emphasizes ____. A. the role of brain abnormalities. B. the interaction of genetic predispositions and stress. C. the role of stressful life experiences in creating a diathesis. D. the role of psychosocial influences in creating a diathesis.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Involuntary dwelling on unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or involuntary repetition of unnecessary actions (compulsions)

C

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. Jerry cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder

B

Karl can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take Karl to a doctor in order to have him assessed for ________. A. Asperger's syndrome B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder C. autism spectrum disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

A

Long-term is to __ Disorder as short-term is to ___ Disorder. A. Persistent Depressive ; Major Depressive B. Major Depressive ; Persistent Depressive C. Somatoform ; Body Dysmorphic D. Body Dysmorphic ; Somatoform

A

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder. A. body dysmorphic B. generalized anxiety C. mood D. neurological

Hallucinations

Misconception of the senses about reality

Catatonic Schizophrenia

Overproduce dopamine; can become frozen for hours upon hours

B

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value or usefuleness

Psychosis

Person is out of touch with reality

Neurosis

Person who struggles to deal with life anxiety - Anyone can be this - Difficult to deal with day-to-day stress

B

Phobias develop through associations of aversive stimuli with previously neutral stimuli. This expresses the explanation of phobia development in terms of ____. A. cognitive. B. classical conditioning. C. operant conditioning. D. psychodynamic.

D

Schizophrenia is considered a_______ disorder. A. mood B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. psychotic

Positive

Things that are added to the symptoms

C

Which of the following best exemplifies avolition? A. inability to enjoy fine dining B. lack of interest in going out with your friend C. lack of motivation to bathe yourself D. refusing to speak

A

Which of the following least describes suicidal ideation? A. fearing you will die B. making a self-harm attempt C. spending an unusual amount of time talking about death D. writing self-harm letters

D

Chi-en harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath her fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic

D

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is least true? A. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

A

Which of the following statements is most true about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. B. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. C. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. D. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

D

Which of the following statements least describes Antisocial Personality Disorder? A. They do not feel normal remorse when doing bad behaviors. B. These individuals are self-serving, unkind, and mean. C. Some people with this disorder can be charming. D. This disorder affects women more often than men.

D

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? A. anxiety B. bipolar C. personality D. schizophrenia

D

Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms? A. Isla Fischer B. John Waller C. Marcia Cross D. Thomas Szasz

A

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction? A. Jerome C. Wakefield B. John Waller C. Stanley Rachman D. Thomas Szasz

A

Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. B. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. C. Everyone knows that all vaccinations are unhealthy. D. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism.

C

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) _______. A. mood disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. phobia D. psychosis

Women

________ are more likely to become depressed or worry

C

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. Grandiose B. Hallucination C. Paranoid D. Somatic

A

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A. Anxiety B. Body dysmorphic C. Obsessive-compulsive D. Personality

Men

________ have higher rates of substance of abuse

C

________ involves thoughts of self-inflicted death, thinking about or planning one's death, or making a self-death attempt. A. Flight of ideas B. Rumination C. Suicidal ideation D. Suicide

D

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A. Bipolar disorder B. Mood disorder C. Persistent depressive disorder D. Seasonal pattern

C

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A. Obsessions B. Ruminations C. Safety behaviors D. Therapies

ADHD

Two types: Primarily inattentive or primarily hyperactive type - Have to have symptoms before age 12 in order to receive a formal diagnosis

D

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. With which of the following disorders is Veena living? A. anxiety disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. major depressive disorder D. schizophrenia

A

Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A. Gina exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. B. Gina is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. C. Gina is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. D. Gina is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

B

Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. D. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance

D

Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder? A. Rafe believes he is entitled to special treatment from those around him. B. Rafe believes that his dreams are prophetic. C. Rafe is convinced his life has meaning beyond himself. D. Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason

B

Which of the following best exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? A. Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. C. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. D. When Stella's father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat.

D

Which of the following best exemplifies flight of ideas? A. Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1. B. Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session. C. Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice. D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly

A

Which of the following best exemplifies hopelessness theory? A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. B. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. C. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. D. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

A

Which of the following factors does least strongly predicts the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. experiencing trauma in isolation B. greater trauma severity C. lack of immediate social support D. trauma experience

B

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A. above average number of psychoses B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C. inability to control the body's reaction to paranoia D. sporadic, intense panic attacks

A

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood

A

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A. behavioral inhibition B. biological predisposition C. displaying a specific phobia D. exhibiting stress

A

Which of the following is best describes neurodevelopmental disorders? A. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood. B. All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in middle-aged patients. C. All neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly. D. Neurodevelopmental disorders are not diagnosed in males.

A

Which of the following is least associated with a manic symptom? A. Irregular breathing B. Sleep problems C. Unusual energy D. Odd behaviors

A

Which of the following is least associated with a panic attack? A. must remain in one's present location B. sweating C. breathing struggles D. feeling closed-in (losing control)

C

Which of the following is least true regarding ADHD? A. Symptoms must be present in early childhood. B. All adults with ADHD possessed symptoms as children. C. Nobody ever grows out of ADHD symptoms. D. The formal diagnostic label is always ADHD and never ADD.

D

Which of the following is the best example of a flashback? A. Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. B. Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. C. Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again

C

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality

B

Which of the following least describes a reason that ADHD may be over-diagnosed? A. Doctors are too quick to medicate children as a behavior treatment. B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified. C. There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past. D. What might seem like inattention to some parents and teachers could simply reflect exposure to too much technology.

C

Which of the following least describes a risk factor for suicide? A. alcohol dependence B. history of previous suicide attempts C. popular music that promotes suicide D. substance abuse

B

Which of the following least describes dissociative disorders? A. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. B. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. C. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. D. These disorders do not have a physical cause.

C

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing _______.________. A. body dysmorphia. B. flight of ideas. C. mania. D. rapid cycling

C

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Jeff's personality? A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

D

Joey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. deprivation. C. disorder. D. retardation

A

John is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. John suffers from psychomotor________. A. agitation. B. distress. C. rigidity. D. tension.

C

Juanita was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Juanita also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.

C

People who are normal all year long, but experience mood problems during the months of December, January, and February suffer from _______. A. Prodromal Syndrome B. Body Dysmorphic Disorder C. Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern D. Depersonalization Disorder

B

People who cannot bear to part with personal possessions are most likely to suffer from ___ Disorder. A. Body Dysmorphic B. Hoarding C. Dissociative Amnesia D. Dissociative Fuge

D

People with ____ disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment. A. psychiatric B. psychological C. Psychosocial D. personality

D

Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________. A. intrusive thoughts or memories of a traumatic event. B. avoidance of things that remind one of a traumatic event. C. jumpiness (startle). D. physical complaints that cannot be explained medically.

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

Symptoms of several types that taken together don't neatly fall into one specific category

True

T/F ADD does NOT exist!

True

T/F Insurance companies only covers the type of psychological disorders from the DSM

APD

- A history of illegal or antisocial activity beginning early in life - Failure to show constancy and responsibility in work, sexual relationship, parenthood, or financial obligations - Aggressive and cruel disposition towards vulnerable people and/or animals - Impulsive and thrill seeking behavior - Habitual lying with no remorse

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

- A set of developmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, communication, and social problems - Some people with this disorder have intellectual disability and others don't - Few _______ people possess both intellectual disability and areas of unusual abilities

Personality Disorders

- Are longstanding - Begin by teenage years and persist into adulthood - Most often involve character deficiencies and being self-centered

ADHD primarily inattentive type

- Often doesn't pay attention or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities - Often forgetful or easily distracted by outside stimuli - Seems to not be listening when adressed

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

- Once referred to as psychopaths and sociopaths - A chronic indifference to and violation of the rights of others

Residual Schizophrenia

- Person has had at least one schizophrenic episode but no longer shows major symptoms - Still shows leftover symptoms: social withdrawal, bizarre thoughts, inactivity, flat effect

Bipolar Disorder

- Previously called manic disorder - Extreme mood swings from activity to inactivity - Manic Episodes

Abnormal behavior

1. Dangerousness 2. Amount of distress it causes others 3. Suffering it causes the person 4. Strangeness

Manic Episode

1. Excessive talking 2. Mind racing 3. Sleep difficulties 4. Extra surge of energy 5. Odd behaviors *Must be 7 days in a row*

Schizophrenia

A group of psychoses marked by severe distortion of thought, preoccupation with inner fantasies, bizarre behavior, and/or social withdrawal - Reactive - Progressive

A

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A. anxiety B. generalized C. safety D. social

B

A primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder is _____. A. bed-wetting. B. difficulty relating to others. C. short attention span. D. high and engaging interest in others.

A

A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. C. manifestation of a psychopathology. D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings.

Progressive Schizophrenia

Also called "process" - Gradual onset with poor long-term prognosis for recovery - Tends to be physiological

D

A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________. A. a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder. B. delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination. C. quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder. D. the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder.

A

Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology

A

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

A

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, Kwaku is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder

B

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Yin can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. Yin spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. A. having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B. organizing the books C. thinking about the books all the time D. thinking about the order of the books all the time

Phobia

Irrational fears

B

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. Miguel calls his parents twice a day because he worries about how they might feel regarding him. Miguel most likely suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder

C

Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ____, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called____. A. diatheses; delusions. B. compulsions; obsessions. C. obsessions; compulsions. D. diatheses; conversions.

C

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

A

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. Nicole has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday Nicole was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

D

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. A. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. B. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms. C. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences. D. that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.

C

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses best accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

A

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of __ A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. heights

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Previously called Dysthmic Disorder and Neurotic Depression - Long term; typically lasts at least two years, but the person is functional - Shallow

Reactive Schizophrenia

Sudden onset with good prognosis for recovery

C

Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. A. higher; higher B. lower; lower C. higher; lower D. lower; higher

A

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A. diathesis-stress B. supernatural C. Szasz D. Venn

A

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological

A

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion. A. can perform miracles on demand B. can quit smoking C. do not love your parents D. will be arrested for committing a crime

D

The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________. A. Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine B. Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders C. Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

C

The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is _______. A. visual B. olfactory C. auditory D. tactile

C

The type of mood disorders characterized by severe mood swings is called_______ disorder. A. Psychogenic B. Dysphoric C. Bipolar D. Autistic

D

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

A

What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death

C

What kind of schizophrenic symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A. absentee B. invisible C. negative D. positive

A

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" B. change the word "fear" to the word "terror" C. change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" D. change the word "specific" to the word "simple"

A

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" B. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" C. change the word "escape" to the word "survive" D. change the word "panic" to the word "heart"

B

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding." A. change the word "beyond" to the word "within" B. change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural" C. change the word "psychological" to the word "psychopathological" D. change the word "scientific" to the word "spiritual"

A

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" B. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" C. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" D. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

A

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress." A. insert the word "diathesis-" before the first appearance of the word "stress" B. change the first appearance of the word "stress" with the word "trauma" C. change the second appearance of the word "disorder" with the word "diathesis" D. change the word "predisposition" to the word "susceptibility"

B

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions

D

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests? A. antisocial personality disorder B. attention deficit disorder C. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D. autism spectrum disorder

D

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

B

Which of the following best defines antisocial personality disorder? A. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

A

Which of the following best exemplifies a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.