Final Exam Chapters 13 & 14

The average adult in middle adulthood ____ height and weight.

loses; gains

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife?

Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis

Stan, a middle-aged man, rarely gets more than five hours of sleep a night. Stan is at risk for:

a weakening of his immune system

Drew, age 72, is in great physical and mental shape. He is an active runner who prefers half-marathons and runs a small business out of his home. When he is wondering if he has crossed the bridge from middle age to late adulthood, he is pondering his:

age identity

___ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines

climacteric

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because

middle aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents

Accumulated information and verbal skills is known as ____ intelligence, while one's ability to reason is known as ___ intelligence

Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

According to the Almeida & Horn study, which of the following is the difference in the experience of stressors between young adults and middle-aged adults?

Middle aged adults experienced more "overload" stressors

Which of the following best explains why middle adulthood comes later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s

People today have their better health care and nutrition than people in the early 1900s

Phyllis is upset because she believes her memory has been getting worse since she entered middle age. She finds it harder to remember a grocery list or telephone number, although she does not have difficulty with information she uses often, such as her address or Social Security number. Which of the following is probably true about Phyllis?

Phyllis is typical of middle aged people in her ability to remember information

For women and men, the role of grandparent is seen differently. For women, grandparenting is _______, whereas for men, it is _______.

a responsibility; voluntary

It has been a month since Brianna's husband left her for someone else. She knows divorce will be a life-changing event for her. Even though she is distressed, she has coped with difficult things in the past, and is sure she will recover from this, too. The contemporary life-events approach considers her appraisal to be

an adaptation factor

Which of the following is the conclusion of the study conducted by Costa and McCrae on approximately 1,000 college-educated men and women aged 20-96

considerable stability occurs in the five personality factors

The ___ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality

cumulative personality

Dorothy is a 65-year-old. If she had been born a century earlier and destined to turn 65 in the year 1900, by that year she would probably have been

deceased

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a_____, and when women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in a ____

fight-or-flight manner; tend and befriend pattern

Marina is having hot flashes, nausea, and rapid heartbeat, all signs that the production of _____ by the ovaries declines dramatically.

estrogen

Joshua, now in midlife, has been a Boy Scout leader since his children were small. He is taking great pride in watching his son take a leadership position in the scouts. His son is fulfilling Joshua's needs for:

generativity

Middle-aged adults tend to focus more on assessment of _____ than young adults do

how much time remains in life

____were the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century, while the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are

infectious diseases; chronic diseases

One reason that leisure is important in middle adulthood is that

it prepares middle aged adults for retirement

Alexis is feeling the stress of a major life event—her daughter's wedding. Her already high blood pressure is soaring, causing her to worry. The contemporary life-events approach would consider her health issues to be:

mediating factor

According to Lachman, researchers have found that on average a sense of personal control peaks in _____ and then declines.

midlife

According to Levinson, by age 40, a man has

reached a stable point in his career.

Brady has been farming for most of his adult life. Now to years old, he knows he has to get started figuring out how to get the physical labor done before his ___ has advanced enough that he cannot do his job.

sarcopenia

As he looks back over his life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed, and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of _____.

stagnation

Dominick has noticed his sex drive and ability to get a full erection have been fading. Now in middle-age, it is likely that his ____ has declined

testosterone level

Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to research, this will most likely be a time when:

they will have increased marital satisfaction

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is true?

when HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened