Final Exam (Exams 1 and 2 now)

As compared to subaerial basaltic lavas, submarine basaltic lavas differ in that they ________. form pillow-like mounds because they cannot flow as far from their source form long but irregular sheets of a'a' produce violent pyroclastic debris flows produce large crystals of pyroxene and plagioclase

form pillow-like mounds because they cannot flow as far from their source

Pillow lavas are most commonly associated with ________. submarine basaltic eruptions subaerial basaltic eruptions submarine rhyolitic eruptions subaerial rhyolitic eruptions

submarine basaltic eruptions

What is the age of Earth accepted by most scientists today? 6.4 billion years 64 million years 4.6 million years 4.6 billion years

4.6 billion years

The oldest geologic unit is Layer 5. Layer 10. Layer 8. Layer 1.

Layer 1

Which type of seismic wave has the fastest velocity? P-wave R-wave S-wave L-wave

P-wave

Which of the following statements is true regarding the clasts (labeled 5) inside the granite pluton? The inclusions are younger than the pluton. The inclusions are older than the pluton. The relative age of the inclusions and the pluton cannot be determined. The inclusions are the same age as the pluton.

The inclusions are older than the pluton.

Accurate radiometric dating typically requires that a rock contains a measurable amount of either parent or daughter atoms. parent isotope atoms. daughter isotope atoms. both parent and daughter atoms.

both parent and daughter atoms.

Two atoms of a single element that differ in number of neutrons are said to represent two distinct ________ of that element. atomic species isomers isotherms isotopes

isotopes

Look at the figure below. The contact between the Vishnu Schist and the Tapeats Sandstone is a(n) angular unconformity. nonconformity. conformable contact. disconformity.

nonconformity.

A mixture of air, hot ash, and pumice lapilli that rushes down the side of a volcano in a scalding avalanche is termed a(n) ________. pyroclastic flow ash fall convective plume lahar

pyroclastic flow

A ____________ is a scientific instrument used to record the ground motions produced by an earthquake. seismometer strain gauge tidal gauge seismic wave

seismometer

Of the three primary forms of subaerial volcanoes, ________ are large cone-shaped mountains that consist of alternating layers of tephra and solidified lava. cinder cones fissure volcanoes shield volcanoes stratovolcanoes

stratovolcanoes