Final Exam

scales and feathers: which statement best explains what causes some theropods to develop feathers? A. The mutation in DNA affected the types of proteins produced by placodes B. A protein in the placodes cause a mutation in the gene that produces feathers C. A Mutation in the placodes gene caused placodes to produce different DNA D. A mutation in DNA caused the placodes that control gene to grow feathers

C. A Mutation in the placodes gene caused placodes to produce different DNA

Tonewood Trees: Used table one in figure 2 to answer the questions. Which claim about the transfer of energy in the tonewood ecosystem is best supported by the data? A. At the higher elevation, more energy is available to transfer from the tropic level occupied by the red deer then from the tropic level occupied by the Northway spruce B. At lower elevation more energy is available to transfer from the tropic level occupied by the Italian more than from the tropic level occupied by the Europeans spruce bark beetle C. More energy is available to transfer from the tropic level occupied by the Northway spruce at high elevations then from the same tropic level at lower elevations D. More energy is available to transfer from the traffic level at lower elevations then from the traffic level at a higher elevations

D. More energy is available to transfer from the traffic level at lower elevations then from the traffic level at a higher elevations

INFORMATION ABOUT INFECTIOUS DISEASES: One reason the number of deaths due to measles is significantly lower than the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS is the introduction of ______________. The larger number of cases of tuberculosis despite an effective treatment strategy suggests that complete control of an infectious disease depends on educating patients about ___________________.

Vaccines, proper use of antibiotics

BANDED SNAILS: As the climate in northern regions changes, the population of snails with darker-colored shells will likely ______________ because they have ________________ than snails with lighter-colored shells.

decrease, high body temperatures

TONEWOOD TREES: The data for 1945 in Table 2 represent the typical relationship between environmental factors ad the growth pattern for trees in the Dolomite mountain range. Tonewood trees are most likely to be produced as a result of _________________ tempertures and _________________ prepcipitation.

higher-than-average, lower-than-average

ALASKAN SALMON: Develop a model that can be used to explain the stages of growth and development that result in a salmon fry. Choose the correct order of events to place in the image below. - Sperm fertilizes egg - Specialized tissues and organs are produced - cells differentiate - embryo changes from two to four cells - genetic material is evenly divided

1. Sperm fertilizes egg 2. genetic material is evenly divided 3. cells differentiate 4. embryo changes from two to four cells 5. Specialized tissues and organs are produced

Like all fruit, pears continue to undergo after they are harvested. As pears ripen, they begin respiration and carbohydrates in the fruit converted to other forms. if enough times goes by, the fruit may begin to rot. Growers want to keep the pears unripe for as long as possible and ripen the fruit just before sending them to the supermarket. For this reason, growers have investigated storing pears under different conditions. The graph shows the result of one investigation. For long-term storage of pears, the oxygen concentration should be ______ and the temperature should be _______________. This will result in the least ___________ amount of energy being used by the pears.

5%, 7 degrees C, least

Primate traits: Which statements explain the most likely cause of the difference between the hands of chimpanzees in those are gorillas? Select all that apply: A. A Single nucleotide bass in the enhancer sequence change, which caused in an activator protein to the enhancer sequence B. Several individual chimpanzees all developed the same mediation at the same time, which caused them to grip branches better C. Chimpanzees used their hands for climbing more than gorillas did, so there DNA mutated to disable enhancers and caused their hands to develop differently from those of gorillas D. The exchange of pieces of DNA between alleles during a sexual reproduction caused new combinations of DNA to form E. An individual had a genetic mutation that resulted in a hand structure with a selective advantage that was passed on to offspring

A. A Single nucleotide bass in the enhancer sequence change, which caused in an activator protein to the enhancer sequence D. The exchange of pieces of DNA between alleles during a sexual reproduction caused new combinations of DNA to form E. An individual had a genetic mutation that resulted in a hand structure with a selective advantage that was passed on to offspring

During an investigation, two German shepherds with long hair were each bred with a German shepherd with short hair in a first generation cross. The offspring from each first-generation were then bred to produce a second generation cross. SELECT THREE ANSWERS: A. Is hair length in German Shepherds a dominant or recessive trait? B. How often does the mutation for long hair randomly occur in german shepherds? C. How does the protein made by the gene for hair length differ among German shepherds? D. Is long hair in German shepherds an inherited trait? E. What percentage of offspring in the second generation of German shepherds are homozygous for the recessive hair-length trait?

A. Is hair length in German Shepherds a dominant or recessive trait? D. Is long hair in German shepherds an inherited trait? E. What percentage of offspring in the second generation of German shepherds are homozygous for the recessive hair-length trait?

SCALES AND FEATHERS: Which information is evidence that best supports the answer to Part A? A. The DNA of modern-day vertebrates codes for the proteins in placodes. B. All vertebrate embryos have the same genetic mutations in their placode DNA. C. Placodes in all modern-day embryos contain the same number of mutations. D. A single placode can spontaneously develop into any type of body covering

A. The DNA of modern-day vertebrates codes for the proteins in placodes.

Tonewood trees: Which statement best explains the results shown in table 1? A. Trees from site 1 grow less rapidly than trees from site 2 because the trees have a slower rate of cellular respiration at site 1 than site 2 B. Trees from site 1 grow less rapidly than trees from site 2 because the trees produce more oxygen at site 1 then at site 2 C. Trees from site 1 grow more rapidly than trees at site 2 because there are more hours of sunlight at site 1 than at site 2 D. Trees from site 2 grow more rapidly than trees from site 1 because there is less water available for trees at site 2 than at site 1

A. Trees from site one grow less rapidly than trees from side to because the trees have a slower rate of cellular respiration at site one

SALINE SOLUTION: A saline solution (a type of salt water) can be added to a patient's bloodstream during medical procedures. However, if the concentration of salt is too high, blood cells may become damaged. A student decides to perform an investigation to test this claim. Which investigations are most appropriate to help the student test the claim? SELECT THREE ANSWERS: A. use a microscope to examine changes in leaf sells placed in a solution of 1% or 10% salt B. Measure the mass of carrot sticks before and after being placed in solutions of either saltwater or freshwater C. Examine how quickly colored salt water moves into potato cubes that are 5 mm or 10 mm in length D. Monitor how quickly celery stocks of different lengths in color water E. Compare the firmness of spinach leaves places in a salt solution overnight with those placed in freshwater overnight

A. use a microscope to examine changes in leaf sells placed in a solution of 1% or 10% salt B. Measure the mass of carrot sticks before and after being placed in solutions of either saltwater or freshwater E. Compare the firmness of spinach leaves places in a salt solution overnight with those placed in freshwater overnight

Banded snails: Which claim is supported by graph 1? A. Snails with yellow shells live in all three habitats, but those with banding have a survival advantage in hedge habitats l B. Snails with yellow shells and banding are less able to survive in wood habitats C. Snails l with brown shells live in all three habitats but they have a survival advantage in meadow habitats D. Snails with brown shells and no banding are most often found in meadow habitats

B. Snails with yellow shells and banding are less able to survive in wood habitats

FLIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE: Which statement describes how systems interact to produce the fight or flight response? SELECT TWO ANSWERS: A. The digestive system creates hormones that are sent to the muscular system, resulting in increased blood flow to muscles B. The endocrine system floods the circulatory system with hormones that affect several other body systems C. The circulatory system experience a change in blood flow, which allows the muscular system to obtain additional glucose D. The endocrine system supplies the lungs with insulin allowing increased absorption of oxygen

B. The endocrine system floods the circulatory system with hormones that affect several other body systems C. The circulatory system experience a change in blood flow, which allows the muscular system to obtain additional glucose

The scientist crosses in offspring from cross X with an offspring from cross Z. What are the expected results of this cross? The scientist crosses morning glory plants of different flower colors to determine how the flower color is passed on to offspring. The results of three crosses are shown in the table. A. 100% of plants with red flowers B. 100% of plants with purple flowers C. 50% of plants with red flowers, 50% of plants with purple flowers D. 75% of plants with purple flowers, 25% of plants with red flowers

C. 50% of plants with red flowers, 50% of plants with purple flowers

SCALES AND FEATHERS: Which claim is best supported by the information about scales and feathers? A. The presence or absence of placodes determines whether an organism develops feathers or scales B. All vertebrates evolved directly from a common ancestor that had feathers C. Changes in placodes over time allowed for the development of different structures D. Amy Tatian in DNA use the placodes that control genes to grow feathers

C. Changes in placodes over time allowed for the development of different structures

Which statements describe the steps in photosynthesis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water B. Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP C. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll D. Water is broken apart to produce oxygen E. Energy in the form of heat is used to absorb carbon dioxide

C. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll D. Water is broken apart to produce oxygen E. Energy in the form of heat is used to absorb carbon dioxide

Alaskan salmon: Which statement best explains how salmon obtain and use matter to support their biological function? A. Salmon use complex, carbon-based molecules obtain directly from seawater and the atmosphere to produce other complex molecules, such as fats B. Salmon use the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms obtained directly from seawater and the atmosphere to form sugars and proteins C. Salmon break bonds in complex few food molecules to release the a carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atom needed for the formation of other molecules D. Salmon breakdown carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms of obtain from food in smaller, energy rich elements

C. Salmon break bonds in complex few food molecules to release the a carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atom needed for the formation of other molecules

ALASKAN SALMON: Which claim is supported by the information and graph 1 and graph 2? A. The mass of the eggs and the number of eggs produced by the sockeye salmon are independent of the females mass B. The mass of the eggs produced by sockeye salmon depends on the females average age at reproduction but the number of eggs does not C. The number of eggs and the mass of the eggs produced by sockeye salmon depend on the amount of matter stored by the female D. The number of eggs produced by sockeye salmon decreases with female body lengths, but the mass of the eggs does not

C. The number of eggs and the mass of the eggs produced by sockeye salmon depend on the amount of matter stored by the female

PRIMATE TRAITS: The model shown in figure 2 can best be used to explain the answer to which question? A. Why did some individuals develop the mutation that disrupts a working enhancer? B. when a working enhancer binds to a gene, does it affect the amount of protein that can be produced? C. What happens when an activator protein binds to the working enhancer in a strand of DNA? D. when a coding region of a gene becomes inactive, is the deactivation of the enhancer proteins the only cause?

C. What happens when an activator protein binds to the working enhancer in a strand of DNA?

Banding snails: Use graph 2 and figure 1 to answer the question. Which statement best predicts how yellow banded snails will be affected if the trends shown in graph 2 continue? A. Yellow banded snails will migrate from higher elevation to lower elevation B. Yellow banded snails will migrate from northern regions to southern regions C. Yellow banded snails will become more common in areas that have historically cooler temperatures D. Yellow banded snails will be found in much wider range than the region in which they were historically found

C. Yellow banded snails will become more common in areas that have historically cooler temperatures

Tonewood trees: What statements are evidence that supports the answer to part a ( Tonewood trees drop down question)? Select all that apply: A. in years with average temperatures, the growth rate of the trees at both sides were average B. Any years with lower than average temperatures call mom the rate of cellular respiration fluctuated randomly at site 1 C. And years with higher than average temperatures, the rate of cellular respiration decreases at site 1 D. In the year with lower than average Precipitation the rate of Cellular respiration in trees both sites are lower than average E. In the year with above average temperatures and average precipitation the rate of growth at site 2 decreased

D. In the year with lower than average Precipitation the rate of Cellular respiration in trees both sites are lower than average E. In the year with above average temperatures and average precipitation the rate of growth at site 2 decreased

SCALES AND FEATHERS: Which evidence best supports the claim that birds evolved from dinosaurs? A. Placodes are found in the embryos of both theropods and birds B. Theropods and birds both have genetic sequences that code for proteins C. Theropods and birds have similar structures with similar functions D. The same sequences are found in the genetic information of theropods and birds

D. The same sequences are found in the genetic information of theropods and birds

SALINE: A saline solution (a type of salt water) can be added to a patient's bloodstream during medical procedures. However, if the concentration of salt is too high, blood cells may become damaged. A student decides to perform an investigation to test this claim. Which statements explain the answers to Saline Part A? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: A. Cells placed in freshwater may burst B. Cells placed in freshwater will shrink in size C. Tissues placed in salt water will weigh more than those placed in freshwater D. Water will move out of the cells that are placed in a solution with a high salt concentration

D. Water will move out of the cells that are placed in a solution with a high salt concentration

Banded snails: Which statement best supports your prediction from banded snails part a? A. Yellow banded snails are able to live in all environments but predation rates were historically higher in certain areas prior to climate change B. Yellow banded snails in cooler areas will become extinct because they are unable to adapt to changing conditions C. Yellow banded snails will love to areas where there are fewer migratory predators D. Yellow banded snails are better suited to live in warmer climates than snails with other colored shells

D. Yellow banded snails are better suited to live in warmer climates than snails with other colored shells

ALASKAN SALMON: Chum Salmon fry average 3.8cm in length, compared to 3cm for the pink salmon fry and 10cm for coho salmon fry. Based on the information in graph 3, chum salon fry are likely to eat prey that is _________________ prey eaten by pink salmon fry and _________________ prey eaten by coho salmon fry. This is because as a salmon's size increases, its matter intake needs ________________.

larger than, smaller than, and increase