Final exam Katie Terrell Acct 3533

5. Accounting Information System (AIS)

is information system that records, processes, reports on transactions to provide financial & non financial info. for decision making and control

32. Linking Table in the context of the above class diagram. What purpose does a linking table serve? How is it created in Access?

occurs for every many to many relationship in your class diagram. create two one to many relationships PK is the combination of both FK

Predictive Analytics

Analysis performed to provide foresight by identifying patterns in historical data Addresses questions like: What is the chance the company will go bankrupt? What is our expected sales and income next year? Can we predict if the financial statements will be misstated? Will the borrower pay us back the loan we've granted her?

Primary Keys.

- An attribute that provides a Unique identifier for every record in a table - A primary key cannot be NULL (blank) - A primary key should not change over time - cannot be repeated

Prescriptive Analytics

Analysis performed which identifies the best possible options given constraints or changing conditions Addresses questions like: What is the level of sales needed to breakeven? How can revenues to maximized if there is a trade war with China? Should the company lease or buy its headquarters office? Should the company make its own products or outsource production to another company?

10. What is BPMN?

Business Process Modeling Notation; a standard for the description of activity model

Descriptive Analytics

Analysis performed that characterizes, summarizes, and organizes past performance. Addresses questions like: Did we make a profit last year? How much did we pay in federal taxes last year? How long have the existing accounts receivable been past due?

Diagnostic Analytics

Analysis performed to investigate the underlying cause of a phenomenon Addresses questions like: Why did advertising expense increase, but sales fall? Why did we experience an unfavorable labor rate variance last year? Why did overall tax increase even though net income did not?

6. What is the System Life Cycle (SDLC), and what are the different phases?

SDLC is the process of creating or modifying info. systems to meet the needs of its users. It serves as the foundation for all processes people use to develop such system. 5 phases: - Planning - Analysis - Design - Implement: testing - Maintain: corrections, upgrades

7. Define Foreign Keys (place it in the context of Primary Keys).

- Implements the link between classes (and resulting tables) shown by the associations - If two tables are associated, there will be a foreign key in ONE of them - Foreign keys "follow the many"

Technology Acceptance Model

- Includes the word "perceived - Perceived Ease of Use (easy to use) - Perceived Usefulness: understand the why? - Things don't have to be easy of use or useful, but actually you believe it is easy to use and it is useful

38. What is a collapsed sub-process used for in an activity model? What does it look like?

- It describes a process within a process - Rounded rectangle with a plus sign (+)

33. What is a Type Image? What is an example of a Type Image?

- Non REA class - class that represents management info. To help manage a business process (only for the business to see) - categorization of inventory (based on color, use, or brand)

What are the differences between swimlanes and pools, and how are each used?

- Pools identify different organizations. Each pool must include one start and at least one end. Pools are connected with message flow (dashed line) - Swimlanes identify departments or individuals within an organization

Internal Control

- Preventive controls: deter problems before they arise (passwords, segregation of duties) - Detective controls: find problems when they arise. (inventory counts, surveillance cameras) - Corrective controls fix problems that have been identified. (Backup files to recover corrupted data, training)

Dempster's Triangle/Triple Constraint of Project Management

- Time, Cost, Quality (Scope) - For a project to be successful, these three constraints must be held in balance. - It's rare to focus on all three and to be meet all three, usually project manager will focus on only 2 constraints - The longer sides are the one that being focused. - The shorter side is the cons or negative: > Short time: Slow > Short cost: Expensive > Short quality/scope: not fancy , bad quality

39. What is an intermediate error event used for in an activity model? What does it look like?

- Timer (clock): indicates planned delay in a process (e.g. receive bill => timer event - wait until end of the month => pay bill) - Error (lightning bolt): occurs when somethings gone wrong (e.g. credit card declined)

AMPS Model

1. Ask the Question: asking questions that can be addressed with data and that lead to a better decision making. 2. Master the data: asking questions about data: can we get the needed data to answer the question posed? •is the data clean? accurate? 3. Perform the analysis: The Type of Question Asked Leads to the Analysis Performed What Happened? - Descriptive Analysis Why Did it Happen? - Diagnostic Analysis Will it Happen in the Future? - Predictive Analysis What Should We Do, Based on What We Expect Will Happen? - Prescriptive Analysis 4. Share the story

3. Define Classes. What is the symbol used to represent a class?

Classes - Any separately identifiable collection of things (objects) about which the organization wants to collect and store information. Resources (Asset): equipment, truck, machine, inventory, cash Event: Sales order, cash receipt, purchase order, cash disbursement Agents (Person): customer, employee, supplier

5. Define Multiplicities.

Describe the minimum and maximum number of times instances in one class can be associated with instances in another class. Maximum: 1 or * Minimum: 0 or 1

3. Define "Relevant" in the context of useful information (3)

Information that is capable of making a difference in a decision - Predictive Value - Feedback Value - Timely

4. Define "Reliable" in the context of useful information.

Information that is free from bias and error. Must be: - Verifiable - Representational Faithfulness - Neutrality

1. What is the difference between Data and Information?

Information- being data organized in a meaningful way to be useful to the user. Data- Simply raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event that in isolation, have little meaning.

9. What is an Activity Model? What does it need to be able to describe?(5)

Models that describe the sequence of workflow in a business processes. Must be able to describe: 1.Events that start, change, or stop flow in the process 2.Activities and tasks within the process 3.The sequence of flow between tasks 4.Decision points (gateways) that affect the flow 5.Division of activity depending on organizational roles

Change Curve

Pre-initiative (Uninformed Optimism) > Denial > Anger > Pessimism > Despair > Testing > Acceptance > Post-initiative (Informed Optimism) - Pessimism: lack of hope, look at the negative side, reject, doubt - Despair: hopeless, depression, unhappy, desperate

2. What makes Information useful?

Relevance and relalabilty

13. What is the symbol for a Gateway in BPMN? What is a Gateway?

Show process branching and merging as the result of decisions

Questions Answered by Structure Models

What are the different groups of information covered by the database? What is the relationship between each information group? How many times can one "class" be associated with another "class"?

1. What is a Structure Model?

a conceptual depiction of a database, such as UML class model or an entity-relationship model

8. Define Attributes.

a. Attributes - Data elements that describe the instances in a class. these are columns: customer_name, phone,...

Define Database.

a. is a collection of related data for various uses. Often maintain information about various types of objects, events, and places

3. What is the Referential Integrity Rule?

a. states that the data value for a foreign key must either be null or match one of the data values that already exist in the corresponding table

2. What is the Entity Integrity Rule?

a. states that the primary key of a table must have data values (cannot be null)

How do we ensure that these two rules are followed when we build relationships in Microsoft Access?

connect the primary key to the foreign key and check the "enforce referential integrity box" on the relationship window

4. Define Associations or Relationship

depicts the relationship between two classes.

15-15 rule

if a project is more than 15% over budget (cost) or 15% behind on time (time), it will likely never recover the time or cost necessary to be considered successful. At this point, a decision needs to be made on if or how to proceed

5. Value Chain

inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service