Final Exam: LLT 307
In listening and reading, good listeners and readers Question 4 options: A) actively construct the meaning of a message B) need to take the audience into consideration C) are less involved than in writing and speaking D) are passive receivers of a message
A) actively construct the meaning of a message
Halliday's interactional function of language is most evident in Question 6 options: A) cooperative learning groups B) whole class seat work C) professional development D) discovery learning groups
A) cooperative learning groups
Which of the following strategies includes prereading, during reading, and postreading? Question 18 options: A)K-W-L B)summarizing C)reading headings D)essays
A)K-W-L
Semantic Feature Analysis can best be used Question 12 options: A)after reading or before reading B)before monitoring reading C)to organize for essays D)to summarize reading
A)after reading or before reading
Efferent reading is focused on Question 20 options: A)carrying away information while reading B)experiencing or feeling a piece of reading C)the special reading involved in reading mathematics D)interpreting literature
A)carrying away information while reading
Aesthetic interactions with texts refers to Question 3 options: A)interactions with a text aimed at experiencing or feeling B)the facts readers take from the reading C)the way readers develop literal interpretations D)the information a reader carries away from reading
A)interactions with a text aimed at experiencing or feeling
Optimal content area learning for English language learners should incorporate all below EXCEPT Question 1 options: A)learning to outline sentences B)meaning and purpose C)ways to develop background knowledge D)scaffolding to support ELL students
A)learning to outline sentences
With a dialogue journal a student Question 10 options: A)shares the journal with the teacher who responds B)uses it only for language arts C)hands the journal in for a grade D)writes only about science experiments
A)shares the journal with the teacher who responds
A Venn diagram could best be used to Question 13 options: A)write a compare/contrast essay B)write a problem/solution essay C)prepare for a short story D)learn vocabulary words
A)write a compare/contrast essay
During "author's circle" A)writers share writing with one another for feedback B)writers share their editing and spelling with one another C)writers share their editing with one another D)authors share their drafts with the teacher only
A)writers share writing with one another for feedback
With Reciprocal Teaching students Question 14 options: A)monitor information B)become teachers C)learn on their own D)organize information
B)become teachers
Proficient readers do all of the following EXCEPT Question 16 options: A)recognize most words almost instantly B)can read materials at their frustration level C)recognize relationships among sentences D)read with a purpose in mind
B)can read materials at their frustration level
K-W-L is a strategy that can be used for all of the following EXCEPT Question 5 options: A)before reading B)chiefly for exams C)during reading D)after reading
B)chiefly for exams
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of prereading? Question 9 options: A)building a reader's background knowledge B)creating strategies for remembering what is read C)motivating the reader D)setting a purpose for the reading
B)creating strategies for remembering what is read
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cohesive tie? Question 7 options: A)moreover B)explore C)consequently D)nonetheless
B)explore
One best way to evaluate students' ability to learn from their social science text in your classroom is to Question 8 options: A)conduct a Directed Reading-Thinking Activity B)give the class a Group Reading Inventory C)get a readability formula on the text D)give the class a standardized test
B)give the class a Group Reading Inventory
Teaching students to ask questions about headings and subheadings includes all the following EXCEPT Question 6 options: A)helping them develop aesthetic interpretations B)helping them set a purpose for their reading C)helping students preview a text before they read D)assisting them with monitoring their comprehension
B)helping them set a purpose for their reading
Semantic feature analysis is used to teach Question 7 options: A)purposes for reading B)vocabulary C)metacognition D)prereading strategies
B)vocabulary
The SOLOM permits the teacher to describe an English learner's Question 10 options: A) essay writing strengths B) independent reading level C) oral language performance D) da test-taking strategies
C) oral language performance
Spelling the word 'cat' and as "ghifo" indicates spelling development at which level? Question 4 options: A)transitional B)phonetic C)pre-phonetic D)alphabetic
C)pre-phonetic
Rehearsing involves Question 19 options: A)is recommended for prereading B)memorizing only C)requires readers to organize information D)simple memorization and repetition
C)requires readers to organize information
Which of the following best describes "invented spelling"? Question 6 options: A)spelling that is consistently conventional and standard B)spelling copied correctly from the word wall dictionary C)spelling in which each letter represents a speech sound D)spelling that does not follow the alphabetic principle
C)spelling in which each letter represents a speech sound
All of the following create optimal content learning for English learners EXCEPT Question 11 options: A)students collaborate to build knowledge B)learning is built on prior knowledge C)students learn text structure before reading D)the topic is meaningful to students
C)students learn text structure before reading
All of the following are good ways to assess content learning in your class EXCEPT Question 17 options: A)informal observations B)student self-assessment C)portfolios D)bought standardized tests
D)bought standardized tests
Content-Based Instruction contains all of the advantages below EXCEPT Question 12 options: A)employs English at comprehensible level B)making use of authentic tasks and authentic materials C)helping students learn appropriate grade-level content D)building vocabulary after reading on a theme or topic
D)building vocabulary after reading on a theme or topic
A Venn diagram is probably best used with a Question 2 options: A)cause effect text B)attributive text C)problem/solution text D)compare/contrast text
D)compare/contrast text
The six traits approach to teaching writing is especially good because A)students can concentrate on one feature at a time B)students evaluate a paper based on how well it communicates C)students can concentrate on correctness D)teachers and students have a common vocabulary for discussing writing
D)teachers and students have a common vocabulary for discussing writing
Literacy scaffolds are A)not recommended for EL writers B)used with advanced writers C)permanent frameworks D)temporary frameworks
D)temporary frameworks
All of the following are involved in proficient reading EXCEPT A)knowledge of grammar terms for words B)text structure knowledge C)decoding and vocabulary knowledge D)language knowledge and background knowledge
A)knowledge of grammar terms for words
One of the main purposes for publishing student writing is to A)motivate writing in the classroom B)help students listen more carefully C)encourage students to use various strategies D)help students with prewriting
A)motivate writing in the classroom
All of the following are key elements of an excellent vocabulary program EXCEPT A)no formal or ongoing assessment B)strategies for learning words are taught C)words are taught explicitly D)wide reading of fiction and nonfiction
A)no formal or ongoing assessment
Internet reading is different from traditional reading because A)of the nature of online text itself B)sentences are different C)the vocabulary is very different D)because phonics is different
A)of the nature of online text itself
The main purpose of the revising phase of process writing is to A)reorder arguments and change sentences to better suit the author's intent B)correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics C)share writing with one another, with students and teachers D)show that writing is valued and appreciated
A)reorder arguments and change sentences to better suit the author's intent
Literature response sheets help students in response to literature by A)scaffolding their initial response to reading B)are only useful in writing groups C)make sure students have the correct response to literature D)concentrate on the grammar in essays or literature
A)scaffolding their initial response to reading
The process of reading in English is essentially A)similar for first and second language learners B)the same as the process of writing C)different from reading in any other language D)different for first and second language learners
A)similar for first and second language learners
Read alouds in classrooms can be used effectively with all of the following EXCEPT A)students who have no knowledge of the language being read B)students in secondary school C)students in elementary school D)students in kindergarten
A)students who have no knowledge of the language being read
Phonemic awareness may be defined as Question 7 options: A)the consciousness of individual sounds in spoken words B)the ability to spell words using standard orthography C)the understanding that letters represent speech sounds D)the sounds represented by letters and groups of letters
A)the consciousness of individual sounds in spoken words
Family literacy projects help parents focus on each of the following EXCEPT Question 16 options: A)using English instead of the home language with their children B)reading to and discussing stories at home with their children C)highlighting literacy events family members engage in at home D)orally sharing and talking about family stories with children
A)using English instead of the home language with their children
"Show and not tell" and sentence combining A)work at form at the sentence level B)are mainly about correctness C)are mainly about punctuation D)are especially good for beginning writers
A)work at form at the sentence level
All of the following are recommended in vocabulary teaching EXCEPT A)working with words unrelated to student needs or background B)strategies that help students learn to spell, pronounce and learn words C)explicit direct instruction of words students need to know D)teaching strategies that help students learn words independently
A)working with words unrelated to student needs or background
Using drama in the classroom promotes English language development because drama Question 20 options: A) offers English learners a chance to work with more advanced English speakers B) creates a high anxiety learning environment due to performance requirements C) can be formal or informal according to students' ages and language abilities D) can be used with English learners of varied language development levels
B) creates a high anxiety learning environment due to performance requirements
The SOLOM evaluates all EXCEPT Question 12 options: A) vocabulary B) discourse C) fluency D) comprehension
B) discourse
Intermediate English learners understand and speak English Question 15 options: A) about as well as they can read and write in English B) with occasional hesitations and misunderstandings C) as well as their native English speaking classmates D) well enough to be transferred to a mainstream class
B) with occasional hesitations and misunderstandings
It is important for student writers to write for A)themselves B)different audiences C)their peers D)teachers
B)different audiences
Tailoring instruction to meet individual student needs may involve all EXCEPT Question 20 options: A)addressing varied language and literacy development levels B)gearing all instruction to the highest achieving students C)differentiating lesson plans based on varied assessments D)creating various ways for students to demonstrate learning
B)gearing all instruction to the highest achieving students
Research supports all of the following EXCEPT A)a multifaceted approach to vocabulary instruction B)having students memorize words in lists teachers give them C)teaching words in students first language as well as in English D)direct instruction by the teacher in a classroom
B)having students memorize words in lists teachers give them
In shared reading with big books the teacher helps students Question 3 options: A)want to learn to read B)learn articulation rules C)learn concepts about print D)recognize some words
B)learn articulation rules
Which of the following is probably the best way to foster emergent literacy? Question 2 options: A)give spelling tests each week on academic vocabulary B)read aloud to students and invite them to write daily C)teach students phonics rules and their exceptions D)teach students how to read for main ideas and details
B)read aloud to students and invite them to write daily
All of the following would probably be appropriate for beginning level readers EXCEPT A)story mapping B)sentence combining C)directed-listening thinking activities D)shared reading with big books
B)sentence combining
For English language learners, vocabulary is especially important for A)their pronunciation B)their comprehension C)their spelling D)their phonics program
B)their comprehension
Which of the following does NOT provide opportunities for oral language development? Question 8 options: A) conversations during literature circles B) quietly responding to a peer's essay C) sustained silent reading after lunch D) collaborative group work on a mural
C) sustained silent reading after lunch
Which of the following is NOT a feature of academic language? Question 9 options: A) various text structures typically used in science, social studies, and math B) specialized vocabulary and technical terms in particular content areas C) text messages that remind to students to do content area homework D) logical oral arguments and descriptions held together by cohesive ties
C) text messages that remind to students to do content area homework
English learners' success with mathematics instruction is influenced by all EXCEPT Question 7 options: A) whether concepts can be developed with manipulatives B) a student's prior knowledge of mathematics C) the number of family members in the home D) the teacher's use of sheltered instruction strategies
C) the number of family members in the home
When using silent sustained reading, students should be reading at their A)balanced reading level B)instructional reading level C)independent reading level D)frustration reading level
C)independent reading level
A running record A)is a way for a teacher to check a student's comprehension of a text B)is a way for a teacher to check a student's attitude toward reading C)is a way for a teacher to check a student's oral reading "on the spot" D)is a way for a teacher to see how well a student reads while running
C)is a way for a teacher to check a student's oral reading "on the spot"
Which of the following is NOT a suggested approach for teaching phonics? Question 9 options: A)use the whole-part-whole strategy to show relation to reading B)teach spelling patterns going from simpler to more complex C)isolate phonics rules and require students to memorize them D)teach word families to provide a strategy to use while reading
C)isolate phonics rules and require students to memorize them
In pre-phonetic spelling Question 10 options: A)the message is clear and easy to decipher B)each letter represents a speech sound C)letters are unrelated to speech sounds D)most words are spelled conventionally
C)letters are unrelated to speech sounds
Emergent literacy research has NOT shown that young children Question 14 options: A)benefit from being read to at home from the time they are born B)begin to develop literacy concepts in their preschool years or earlier C)need to be able to skip on one foot prior to learning to read or write D)develop print concepts from functional literacy uses at home
C)need to be able to skip on one foot prior to learning to read or write
Which of the following is NOT true of oral language? Question 2 options: A) plays a key role in our lives B) helps students organize thoughts C) can help students clarify concepts D) is easy to understand
D) is easy to understand
Early on beginning English learners benefit from all EXCEPT Question 14 options: A) involvement in tasks that permit nonverbal participation B) small-group activities that provide comprehensible input C) instruction that is supported with nonverbal cues to meaning D) making individual, formal presentations to the whole class
D) making individual, formal presentations to the whole class
In speaking and writing Question 5 options: A) students must not make errors B) audience is not key in the process C) grammar plays the most important role D) students actively create a message
D) students actively create a message
The process of writing in English is essentially A)different for ELL learners due to cultural factors B)the same when it comes to correcting errors C)different for first and second language writers D)similar for both first and second language writers
D)similar for both first and second language writers
Proficient readers have all of the following abilities EXCEPT A)become automatic in word recognition B)attend to almost every letter they see C)develop the ability to recognize words almost immediately D)skip over a lot of letters and words
D)skip over a lot of letters and words
All of the following are a part of the six traits except A)voice and word choice B)ideas and organization C)convention and sentence fluency D)spelling and note-taking
D)spelling and note-taking
When teaching beginning English learners in middle and high school, it's NOT useful to Question 17 options: A) place them in mainstream content classes without language support B) observe their participation in class to verify their English proficiency C) offer primary language support to promote content area learning D) integrate them socially by placing them in appropriate home groups
A) place them in mainstream content classes without language support
While listening and reading are receptive modes of language use, speaking and writing are Question 1 options: A) productive modes B) creative modes C) also receptive modes D) integrative modes
A) productive modes
All the following yield useful oral language performance data EXCEPT Question 11 options: A) notes on a student's oral language during formal presentations to class B) teacher observation of how quickly a student responds to a fire drill C) teacher observation of a student's oral contributions during group work D) periodic use of a standardized oral proficiency test to track growth
B) teacher observation of how quickly a student responds to a fire drill
All of the following are general kinds of words students need to know EXCEPT A)high-frequency words B)academic content-area words C)general words D)low-frequency words
D)low-frequency words
Spelling the word 'tough' as 'tuf' indicates spelling development at which level? Question 5 options: A)pre-phonetic B)transitional C)random D)phonetic
D)phonetic
With the language experience approach to reading instruction students A)don't have to dictate their words for reading B)have to be at the intermediate level orally C)use published literature to learn how to read D)provide the text that will be used for reading
D)provide the text that will be used for reading
All of the following are true of silent sustained reading programs EXCEPT A)the teacher always selects the reading B)students might select their own reading C)the teacher reads silently while the students read D)everybody in a school might read
A)the teacher always selects the reading
The first 2000 high frequency words account for A)about 54% of words used in academic texts B)about 20% of words used in academic texts C)about 40% of words used in academic texts D)about 78% of words used in academic texts;
D)about 78% of words used in academic texts;
Postreading strategies are used to Question 1 options: A)monitor and comprehend B)ask questions C)teach vocabulary D)organize and remember
D)organize and remember
A good definition of metacognition is A)a cognitive process in which we reflect on our own thinking B)involves being very careful about our pronunciation when we read aloud C)involves mainly rereading when we are reading D)a process that doesn't involve comprehension in reading
A)a cognitive process in which we reflect on our own thinking
The first 1000 high frequency words account for A)about 90% of words used in conversation B)about 30% of words used in conversation C)about 20% of words used in conversation D)about 60% of words used in conversation
A)about 90% of words used in conversation
Silent sustained reading is A)an excellent way to learn vocabulary words rapidly B)not a good way to learn vocabulary words rapidly C)not really a part of a vocabulary program D)often used once a week or once a month
A)an excellent way to learn vocabulary words rapidly
Which of the following strategies is probably NOT appropriate for beginning level writers? A)editing and revising B)freewriting C)clustering D)dialogue journals
A)editing and revising
Research has shown that writing in content areas Question 15 options: A)helps students clarify their thoughts and remember what they've learned B)is preferred to mapping because it organizes information C)organizes information so that it will be remembered after they read D)is better if students write before and after they have read
A)helps students clarify their thoughts and remember what they've learned
Which of the following procedures involves teachers in ongoing assessment during regular class time? A)running records B)standardized testing C)criterion referenced tests D)miscue analysis
A)running records
Which of the following assessment procedures is probably NOT going to be useful for a content area teacher? Question 8 options: A)standardized testing B)portfolio assessment C)informal observations on a day-to-day basis D)observation charts
A)standardized testing
Teaching students about text structures such as compare/contrast or problem/solution is important for reading comprehension because Question 4 options: A)text structure knowledge helps students create texts in their minds with a similar structure B)readers use their knowledge of text structure to write accurate summaries C)knowledge of text structure helps students to predict information they will read and to comprehend a text that would otherwise be far too difficult. D)text structure knowledge helps students comprehend texts with sophisticated vocabulary
A)text structure knowledge helps students create texts in their minds with a similar structure
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) found that one key feature in high-scoring schools was A)that students in those schools spent more time in independent reading B)that independent reading was less important than Science classes C)that students shouldn't read at their frustration level D)that independent reading was not a key feature of high-scoring schools
A)that students in those schools spent more time in independent reading
Theme studies are especially effective for English language learners because Question 4 options: A)they organize information B)they provide a meaningful learning context C)they assist with phonemic awareness. D)they help students with their learning
B)they provide a meaningful learning context
Writing in content areas promotes Question 20 options: A)enthusiasm for what is being read B)developing good essays C)discovery, comprehension, and retention D)prereading strategies
C)discovery, comprehension, and retention
In order to develop literacy in English, students who are literate in their primary language Question 12 options: A)need a semester of phonemic awareness in English B)transfer many L1 reading skills to English reading C)must start from scratch to learn to read in English D)do not need instruction in English reading
B)transfer many L1 reading skills to English reading
If you want to find out what your student is learning in class, probably the best way to do so is to Question 9 options: A)use standardized tests. B)use multiple measures for assessment C)observe the student in group work D)test the student with essays frequently
B)use multiple measures for assessment
Which strategies are most often used by older learners? A)ask others for meanings and watch television B)using a bilingual dictionary and a monolingual dictionary C)reading words over again and listening to people talking D)Keyword Method and asking the teacher
B)using a bilingual dictionary and a monolingual dictionary
Most of the vocabulary students will acquire throughout a school year will be through A)lessons you have taught throughout the school year B)various reading activities and oral interactions with others C)from specific learning activities in a classroom D)specific strategies you've taught throughout the year
B)various reading activities and oral interactions with others
Keeping a journal or learning log in a content area class helps students Question 3 options: A)prepare for a text B)remember and organize information they have read C)set a purpose for their reading D)build their background knowledge
B)remember and organize information they have read
All of the following are suggested by research in vocabulary learning and teaching EXCEPT A)allow classroom time for teaching vocabulary directly B)students should be given lists of words to memorize C)teach strategies students can use independently D)begin by concentrating on high frequency words
B)students should be given lists of words to memorize
A "balanced, comprehensive approach" to early literacy development includes allEXCEPT Question 15 options: A)teacher-student conversations in dialogue journals B)teaching literacy skills according to student age C)teacher reading aloud with students tracking print D)explicit skills instruction based on assessed need
B)teaching literacy skills according to student age
As a student reads, you should look at all of the following EXCEPT Question 19 options: A)the students word recognition strategies B)the students score on running records C)the students vocabulary knowledge D)the students English language knowledge
B)the students score on running records
Mature readers bring the following skills to the reading task EXCEPT Question 17 options: A)they use metacognitive strategies B)they decode words slowly and carefully C)they use cognitive strategies D)they possess a sophisticated vocabulary
B)they decode words slowly and carefully
Which of the following is NOT a rationale for integrating the language arts? Question 18 options: A) in day-to-day life oral and written language function together for communication B) English learners need fluency in oral English prior to learning to read and write C) listening, speaking, reading and writing are often used together in communications D) oral and written language used during a learning task promote language development
B) English learners need fluency in oral English prior to learning to read and write
An onset is defined as Question 8 options: A)another word for consonants and consonant clusters B)a consonant or consonant cluster that precedes a rime C)any consonant or consonant cluster at the end of a word D)any word that rhymes with at least three other words
B)a consonant or consonant cluster that precedes a rime
English learners who know how to read in their first language A)doesn't bring extra knowledge that may help reading in a second language B)bring sophisticated literacy knowledge to second language reading C)will have more difficulty reading in a second language than a student who doesn't read in their first language D)will bring information that makes it more difficult to read in a second language
B)bring sophisticated literacy knowledge to second language reading
During the revising phase of writing, one area that is NOT concentrated on is A)peer response groups B)correcting and editing C)sentence combining D)showing and not telling
B)correcting and editing
Mapping is chiefly used for A)developing correctness B)developing organization C)developing sentences D)developing fluency
B)developing organization
In phonetic spelling Question 13 options: A)letters or letter-like forms do not represent speech sounds B)letters represent speech but not all spelling is conventional C)conventional and unconventional spellings may be mixed D)most words are spelled correctly and conventionally
B)letters represent speech but not all spelling is conventional
Using portfolio assessment, students Question 6 options: A)play a minor role in selecting material for the portfolio B)often decide what work is to be kept in the portfolio C)are the only ones who might determine what goes in the portfolio D)aren't involved in selecting material for the portfolio
B)often decide what work is to be kept in the portfolio
During reading students should do all of the following EXCEPT Question 10 options: A)monitor their comprehension B)pay special attention to word spelling and grammar C)read based on a purpose set D)engage their background knowledge
B)pay special attention to word spelling and grammar
To create a picture of a student's early literacy development, a teacher would NOT Question 19 options: A)periodically use reading development checklists to document progress B)periodically fill out a mathematics literacy skills development checklist C)collect, date, and store samples of student work in a literacy portfolio D)periodically use writing development checklists to document progress
B)periodically fill out a mathematics literacy skills development checklist
Each of the following is a print concept children need to grasp EXCEPT Question 1 options: A)speech sounds can be represented by letters B)print cannot convey messages in English C)written words can be spoken, i.e. read aloud D)what we say can be written down and read
B)print cannot convey messages in English
A writer who is unable to develop one or two short sentences is said to be at what level of fluency? A)invented spelling level B)spelling level C)beginning level D)intermediate level
C)beginning level
All of the following ways will assist second language readers with comprehension EXCEPT A)building background information before they read texts B)providing them with texts containing familiar background information C)concentrating on phonemic awareness before they read extended texts D)make sure texts contain comprehensible input for students
C)concentrating on phonemic awareness before they read extended texts
Portfolio assessment is useful for all of the following EXCEPT A)motivating students to improve B)promoting student self-assessment C)developing better knowledge of story grammars D)assessing student growth over time
C)developing better knowledge of story grammars
Which of the following does NOT describe a condition that promotes language and content learning for intermediate ELS? Question 16 options: A) teachers check for understanding and re-phrase lesson concepts if needed B) teachers use pictures, concrete objects, and gestures to support meaning C) students are required to show their learning on a standardized test D) students are afforded opportunities to process main ideas in small groups
C) students are required to show their learning on a standardized test
A miscue is when A)a reader reads every word as it is printed in a text B)a reader doesn't understand what is being read C)a student makes a variation from print during oral reading D)a reader makes any mistake that interferes with comprehension
C)a student makes a variation from print during oral reading
Research has shown that native English speakers acquire A)about 500 words a year B)about 10,000 words a year C)about 1,000 words a year D)about 5,000 words a year
C)about 1,000 words a year
Research has shown that word cards and learning from lists is A)should not be used in a vocabulary classroom B)is the only way for all students to learn vocabulary C)an effective way for students to learn vocabulary D)are not as rapid a way to learn as reading in context
C)an effective way for students to learn vocabulary
With independent and extensive reading students should read books at their A)frustration level B)instructional level C)at their independent level D)reading level on a standardized test
C)at their independent level
The K-W-L strategy combines Question 16 options: A)semantic feature analysis and summarizing B)essays and maps C)before, during, and after reading D)monitoring and prereading
C)before, during, and after reading
Writing process teaching strategies used with first language learners are A)the same for first and second language writers B)effective for language learners when changed considerably C)effective for second language learners with some modifications D)effective for first language learners only
C)effective for second language learners with some modifications
Sound/symbol correspondences in English are called A)phonemic awareness B)phonics C)graphophonics D)linguistics
C)graphophonics
Response to literature assists English language learners in all cases below EXCEPT A)assisting them with negotiating meaning while reading B)helping make the literature comprehensible C)helping students edit their own writing D)learning ways to talk about literature
C)helping students edit their own writing
Cohesive ties serve the purpose of Question 5 options: A)helping students use their background knowledge to ask questions and predict text, and monitor comprehension B)making a paragraph or text harder to read because they are usually not a part of a person's oral vocabulary C)indicating how arguments and ideas relate to one another within a paragraph or larger section of a text D)making difficult vocabulary easy to understand
C)indicating how arguments and ideas relate to one another within a paragraph or larger section of a text
Metacognitive strategies Question 18 options: A)writing carefully B)involves reading literature mainly C)involve a reader "thinking about their thinking" D)are used by intermediate readers only
C)involve a reader "thinking about their thinking"
One of the most important reasons process writing helps second language learners is A)it helps build self-esteem with their writing B)it teaches each phase of the process C)it breaks up writing into manageable parts D)it encourages students to be creative
C)it breaks up writing into manageable parts
Research on second language vocabulary learning indicates all of the following should be used EXCEPT A)time should be spent on learning word lists of related words B)time should be spent on silent sustained reading; C)time should be spent on word lists containing unrelated words D)some time should be spent on direct instruction
C)time should be spent on word lists containing unrelated words
Learning from context in reading has been shown to be A)useful for older students who read at high levels B)useful for younger students who have limited vocabulary C)useful for students who have an average level of proficiency D)useful for all students regardless of their reading levels
C)useful for students who have an average level of proficiency
Content area writing usually refers to Question 2 options: A)reading and writing done for prereading B)reading and writing in language arts only C)writing in subjects such as science, math and social studies D)any reading and writing done in a classroom
C)writing in subjects such as science, math and social studies
Content reading involves Question 13 options: A)reading in English classes only B)reading in science and social studies only C)reading in the early elementary years D)reading in all content areas
D)reading in all content areas
Reasons for using Total Physical Response in your classroom include all of the following EXCEPT A)the strategy can be effective at all grade levels B)the strategy is one that students enjoy a great deal C)the strategy does not intimidate students D)the strategy intimidates students
D)the strategy intimidates students
All of the following are a part of graded reading materials EXCEPT A)they are written at various grade levels B)they often contain sophisticated topics C)they can be appropriate for many different grade levels D)they are materials at every student's independent level
D)they are materials at every student's independent level
Students in a classroom should most often write about A)self-chosen topics B)professionally developed topics C)teacher-designed topics D)various topics
D)various topics
In order to differentiate instruction for English learners, teachers need to Question 19 options: A) rely on a pull-out program until students are ready for content instruction in English B) assign a paraprofessional to translate important academic concepts for each student C) offer content instruction exclusively in the primary language until the sixth grade D) consider each student's English proficiency and prior knowledge of subject matter
D) consider each student's English proficiency and prior knowledge of subject matter
Research on classroom oral language use has reported that Question 3 options: A) teachers and students do about the same amount of talking B) in most classrooms teachers create student-centered talk C) students do most of the talking in the majority of classrooms D) in most classrooms teachers do the majority of the talking
D) in most classrooms teachers do the majority of the talking
Beginning English learners often Question 13 options: A) sit at the back of the class to avoid being called upon B) read and write in several languages other than English C) use simple phrases with high communicative payoff D) use complex English language structures during play
D) use complex English language structures during play
Holistic literacy strategies include each of the following EXCEPT Question 17 options: A)singing songs with lyrics posted for students to see B)reading aloud to students and discussing characters and plot C)engaging students in writing and illustrating journals D)asking students to identify phonemes in rhyming words
D)asking students to identify phonemes in rhyming words
Research on early literacy development of young English learners indicates that students Question 11 options: A)should learn to read in English prior to primary language instruction B)benefit from reading instruction carried out in homogeneous groups C)need to reach a threshold of oral English prior to literacy instruction D)benefit from instruction in oral and written English simultaneously
D)benefit from instruction in oral and written English simultaneously
Teaching English sound/symbol correspondences and spelling patterns helps students Question 18 options: A)discover the underlying logic of the alphabet in English B)learn to pronounce difficult words and phrases in English C)learn rules that they can then teach their younger siblings D)decode English words they have never encountered before
D)decode English words they have never encountered before
The fluency, form, correctness model A)focusses on essay structures at the beginning B)focusses on correctness in writing at the beginning C)focusses on fluency as most important D)focusses on fluency, form, correctness in that order
D)focusses on fluency, form, correctness in that order
All of the following are recommended classroom assessment procedures EXCEPT A)Miscue analysis procedures B)Informal Reading Inventories C)running records and portfolio assessment D)general standardized tests
D)general standardized tests
In guided reading the teacher A)tells students what they should comprehend B)doesn't worry about comprehension at first C)teaches students how to pronounce words better D)guides students along as they read
D)guides students along as they read
Sheltered instruction aims to facilitate both language and subject matter by all of the following EXCEPT Question 15 options: A)making use of direct experiences B)making use of concrete materials C)building on students' prior knowledge D)having each student work independently
D)having each student work independently
Sentence combining A)is not recommended for intermediate writers B)concentrates on correctness C)is best used with students who are just beginning to write D)helps students create longer, more sophisticated sentences
D)helps students create longer, more sophisticated sentences
Sheltered instruction Question 14 options: A)uses primary language instruction only B)is used when students can't read a text C)waters down the subject matter D)is both comprehensible and cognitively demanding
D)is both comprehensible and cognitively demanding
The six traits of writing is a powerful tool for teaching writing because A)it is easy for students to learn, especially English language learners B)it focuses on correctness and therefore helps students when working in editing groups C)it focuses on using collaborative groups, especially with English language learners D)it gives students and teachers alike a common vocabulary for discussing writing
D)it gives students and teachers alike a common vocabulary for discussing writing
Two areas which can cause difficulties for second language learners when reading are A)different reading processes and different strategies B)different attitudes toward print and a different alphabetic principle C)limited text structure knowledge and grammatical knowledge D)limited second language proficiency and background knowledge that does not match the topic of a particular text
D)limited second language proficiency and background knowledge that does not match the topic of a particular text
One key aspect of post-reading is Question 11 options: A)monitoring comprehension B)developing background knowledge C)reading headings D)organizing information
D)organizing information
