Final exam Social Psych

The ABC'S of self refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to self- esteem?

Affect

The tendency to think that most victims of hurricane Katrina were irresponsible and naive for not evacuating their homes before the storm hit is most likely the result from which of the following tendencies

Belief in a just world

Informational influence occurs primarily because people

Believe that others are correct in their judgments

Which of the ABC's of the self is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept

Cognition

which of the following statements concerning introspection is true

Contrary to popular perceptions, introspection can sometimes impair self-knowledge

Deception is most likely to be detected by attending to which channel of communication

Speech pitch

When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of a series of faces, there is usually a high level of agreement. This finding supports

The hypothesis that beauty is objective

The milligram study demonstrated

The potential for situational influences to lead ordinary people to commit extraordinary destructive acts

Our self-concept appears to be influenced by all the following sources except

The way others actually perceive us

Which of the following best reflects the benefits and cost of being attractive

While attractiveness often brings a social advantage to attractive individuals, it can cause them to doubt the sincerity of others praise for their work

the base-rate fallacy reflects

a failure to use consensus information

Rita has a strong desire to establish and maintain social contact with others. Rita has

a high need for affiliation

Attitudes are useful because they

allow us to judge whether something we encounter is good or bad

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute

another persons behavior to personal factors rather than situation

Everyone in the fast-food restaurant seemed to be leaving their leftovers on the table as opposed to throwing them away on their way out the door, so Jeff left his tray on the table as well. This is best described as an example of

conformity

The tendency to altar thoughts and feelings, and behaviors in ways that are consistent with group norms is called

conformity

One way to increase the accuracy of self report measures of attitudes is to

convince respondents that any deception would be detected

The foot-in-the-door technique takes particular advantage of the

desire to maintain consistent self-perceptions

One way of defending our beliefs in a just world when we observe a victim suffering is to

disparage the victim

motivation that is driven by rewards and punishment is called

extrinsic motivation

The concept of ostracism and conformity are related in that

failure to conform can lead to ostracism

Normative influence tends to occur primarily when people

fear the negative social consequences of appearing deviant

Priming refers to the tendency

for recently used concepts to come to mind easily and influence the interpretation of new information

according to corresponding influence theory, correspondent inferences are most likely to occur when a person's behavior is

freely chosen, unexpected and results in few desirable outcomes

According to the looking glass model of self-concept, development the self-concept develops

from the way one is viewed by others

As compared to conformity, compliance occurs

in response to a direct request

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

influenced by the physical appearance of a person

Because no one else seems concerned about the welfare of the man lying down on the sidewalk, Mo steps over him as well, figuring that he is simply drunk or asleep and not in need of emergency assistance

informational social influence

A conformation bias refers to peoples tendency to

interpret, seek, and create information in ways taht support existing beliefs

The process of reflecting on your own inner thoughts and feelings in order to gain self-knowledge

introspection

In comparison to obedience and compliance, conformity

involves less direct pressure from others

The technique of getting a commitment from a potential customer and then changing the terms of the agreement is best described as

low balling

Compared to high self-monitors, low self monitors are more likely to

maintain consistency in behavior

According to social exchange theory, an individual's primary motive in establishing and maintaining relationships is

maximizing rewards and minimizing cost

Baumeister and Leary (1996) suggest that humans have a fundamental drive to have positive and meaningful interpersonal relationships with others. they refer to this as the

need to belong

The trait negativity bias refers to the tendency for

negative trait information to have a greater impact on impressions

Behavior that communicates a person's feelings without words is called

nonverbal behavior

The unspoken rule dictating that we should treat others as they have treated us is called the

norm of reciprocity

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the human need for affiliation

people are motivated to maintain an optimum balance of time alone and social contact

Unlike social exchange theory, equity theory suggest that

people are not always out to simply maximize personal reward in a relationship

according to kelly co-variation principals

people infer the causes of a behavior if it is present when the behavior occurs and absent when it does not occur

Sherif's research using the auto kinetic effect demonstrated that

people often look to others as a source of information

The idea that some faces are inherently more attractive than others is supported by research demonstrating that

people prefer averaged composite faces to individual faces

The study of social perceptions involves consideration of how one individual (X) makes judgments about another individual (Y) the terminology typically used to describe the roles of X and Y are

perceiver and target

According to your textbook, the single best predictor of whether two people will get together is

physical proximity

normative influence tends to produce __________-, whereas informational influence leads to __________

public conformity, private information

One potential problem with self report measure is that

respondents might not respond truthfully

Higher levels of self awareness often

result in a temporary reduction in self-esteem

Equity theory predicts that people are most satisfied in their relationships when the

rewards and costs one partner experience are roughly equal to those of the other partner

A persons positive and negative evaluations of the self constitutes that persons

self esteem

The most direct and straightforward way to assess an attitude is through the use of

self report measure

Beliefs about the self that guide the processing of self-relevant information are called

self schema

If people are asked to characterize romantic love, which of the following attributes will over two thirds of the people list

sexual desire

The ways in which people are affected by the real or imagined presence of others is called

social influence

The term self-concept refers to the

sum total of a persons beliefs concerning his or her own personal characteristics

Someone who argues that attraction is simply a function of wanting to have healthy offspring probably endorses

the approach of evolutionary psychology

According to self-discrepancy theory, experiencing negative emotions, such as anxiety or depression, is often caused by

the degree of incongruity among the actual, ought, and ideal selves

Conformity levels do not continue to increase dramatically as the group size gets bigger and bigger because additions to the group are subject to

the law of diminishing returns

The tendency for extrinsic rewards to undermine intrinsic motivation is called

the over-justification effect

People enhance their self-esteem in all of the following ways except

upward social comparison

Attitudes are best understood as

varying in strength along both positive and negative dimensions

One of the reasons that we are not very successful at detecting deception is because

we fail to attend to the nonverbal cues that actually signal deception

The belief that physically attractive individuals also posses desirable personality characteristics is called the

what-is-beautiful- is good stereotype

Research suggest that stress increases the desire to affiliate

when being with others is useful in reducing the negative effects of the situation

An attitude is implicit if you

you are not aware of it