Final Exam Study Guide Intro to Psych
Which item is the best example of a superordinate category?
Animal
You yell at your partner after you get in a fight with your boss. What type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?
Displacement
Which item is the best example of a basic level category?
Dog
A technique in psychoanalysis in which the therapist examines the hidden symbols in a client's dreams is ______.
Dream analysis
Which of the following is a technique typically used by psychoanalysts?
Dream analysis
If someone says, "Stealing is wrong because it is against the law," according to Kohlberg which stage of moral reasoning are they in?
Law and order orientation
If you are worried that your newborn may have a difficult time learning how to breastfeed, learning about the sucking and ____ reflexes should help you feel at ease.
Rooting
Which disorder can have both positive and negative symptoms?
Schizophrenia
You get really angry, so you begin to clean the whole house. What type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?
Sublimation
Maria often feels guilty when she engages in even the slightest offensive behavior. Freud would say that Maria has a strong
Superego
Which of the following is NOT one of Kubler-Ross's Stages of Emotional Reactions to Death?
Sympathy
Solving a puzzle uses what type of intelligence?
Fluid
I first ask you to sign a petition before I come back and ask you to put a sign in your yard. What type of compliance technique am I using?
Foot-in-the-door compliance
Who believes that problematic behavior stems from the unconscious?
Freud
Enhanced performance when others are present is called ____.
social facilitation
Aaron Beck is associated with a(n) ____ approach to depression
social learning
In deductive reasoning, ____.
A general rule applies to specific cases
The humanistic perspective emphasizes the influence of ___ on personality
An actualizing tendency (self-actualization)
What was learned from the Harlow and Zimmerman study on monkeys?
Attachment isn't formed around providing for basic needs, but rather developed in response to contact comfort
Of the different styles of parenting, ____ parenting seems to result in the best developmental outcomes for most children.
Authoritative
Jose is a very active toddler who prefers to do things by himself. According to Erikson, Jose appears to be successfully resolving which developmental crisis?
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
Keyunta hates vegetables. His mother gives him the option of either having green beans or squash with dinner. What type of conflict is Keyunta experiencing?
Avoidance-avoidance
The medical model originated with the ____ perspective of abnormal behavior
Biological
Which disorder has both depressive symptoms and mania
Bipolar I Disorder
Research shows that laughter
Boosts immune function
You have 2 kids (TJ and Bo) that want Graham crackers. You've already given a full cracker to TJ, but you noticed you only have half a cracker left for Bo. Since the children have not mastered conservation, what can you do?
Break the half cracker into two pieces and give them to Bo (He will think he has more than TJ who has one full cracker)
If you refuse to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation, what type of defense mechanism are you engaging in?
Denial
By egocentrism, Piaget meant that the child believes that ____.
Everyone else sees the world as the child does
The goal of cognitive therapy approaches is to change behavior by ____.
Examining the client's self-awareness to increase self-exploration and facilitate self-actualization
The physical activities involved in playing soccer would mostly include which kind of motor skills?
Gross
The "visual cliff" studies show that infants at six months ____.
Have depth perception
Which statement is TRUE of heuristics?
Heuristics can lead to correct judgments.
What was Stanley Milgram looking to study with his learner/teacher experiment?
How likely an average person is to engage in destructive obedience
A psychologist who studies impression formation is interested in _____.
How we understand and make judgements of others
Older adults who feel satisfied when reflecting on their lives demonstrate what Erikson called a sense of
Integrity
When one begins to commit to a mutually loving relationship, which stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development are they in?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Which of the following is NOT one of the key three ingredients in client-centered therapy?
Joy
If someone is very health conscious, yet they smoke five packs a day and eat cake for breakfast what might they suffer from?
Lack of self-control
If a child is only following rules to avoid getting punished which stage would Kohlberg think this child belongs?
Obedience and punishment
Which activity is least likely to increase your crystallized intelligence?
Playing a video game
In Freudian theory, the _______ principle drives the instincts of the id.
Pleasure
Zoie has a graham cracker broken into two pieces while Ericka has a graham cracker broken into four pieces. Zoie is mad because she thinks Ericka has more crackers than her. According to Piaget, Zoie is in Piaget's _____ stage of development?
Preoperational
What type of test has you look at ambiguous stimuli to determine personality?
Projective tests
What type of mental health professional is most likely to have their medical degree?
Psychiatrist
In the strange situation procedure, a baby who clings to the mother while she is present and who shows extreme distress when the mother leaves would be exhibiting which style of attachment?
Resistant
Deductive reasoning results in a ____, whereas inductive reasoning results in a ____.
Specific conclusion; general rule
What does the humanistic approach focus on?
The control we have over our present and future actions
The social cognitive perspective emphasizes the influence of ____ on personality
The environment and patterns of thought
If have just finished taking an intelligence test. The first time you took it, you scored 90/100, but the second time you took it you scored 20/100. What might you say is wrong with the intelligence test?
The test is not reliable
If a child has master object permanence, which of the following will most likely reflect their response when you hide their toy under a blanket?
They would take the blanket off of the toy and continue playing
______ attribution is to characteristics, as __________ attribution is to environment.
Trait, situational
I left my house feeling very angry at my wife. I start to feel mad at my counselor who is a woman around the same age as my wife. What is this called according to Freud?
Transference
An individual who is verbally aggressive is most likely to be classified as
Type A
You want to know if a test measures a trait it was designed to measure. What term are you referring to?
Validity
What is the Oedipus Complex/Electra Complex according to Freud
We enjoy our parent of the opposite sex
Emilio lives in Miami, Florida. All other things being equal, Emilio is most likely to be attracted to ____.
Yvonne, a woman who lives in his apartment building
Psychotherapy is for ____.
a variety of people with a variety of types of problems
In Muzafer Sherif's Robber's Cave experiment, the Eagles and Rattlers eventually became friends when ____.
all discriminatory behavior were quickly punished with negative consequences
Whatever you do to manage a situation that you perceive as threatening is called
coping
Aversion therapy is a technique used in
behavior therapy
People with antisocial personality disorder
can appear to be charming and sociable
Having an alternate personality is most associated with the diagnosis
dissociative identity disorder
For Carl Jung, an archetype is a(n
dream symbol relating to male genitalia
In Martin Seligman's studies, dogs that were exposed to inescapable shocks eventua
gave up trying to escape
Client-centered therapy is a type of ____ therapy.
humanistic
Post-traumatic stress disorder is most related to
major life events
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory has been criticized for
not explaining why some people deprive themselves of basic needs in favor of higher needs
Somatic symptom disorders involve
physical complaints without an identifiable physical cause
The ego operates according to
reality principle
In Jung's theory, persona is to ____, as shadow is to ____.
visible; hidden