FINAL LETS DO DIS

Hebron

City where Abraham settled

Diet of Worms, the issue of authority

Debate with martin lither, ends with Luther saying he stands , refuse to admit that cousins have authority, condemned that anyone can kill him on site.

proper dispositions

Faith presen

Some official documents of the Social Teaching

Genesis: Image of God, Stewardship, everyone is created in the image of God. (respect) Prophet: Connection to faith and justice, look at the poor and orhaned, justice needs to be given to them. New testiment: takes from the old testiement.

Noahic Covenant

God's promise to Noah that he will never again flood the earth; the sign of the covenant is the rainbow

Revelation

God's self-disclosure to us

Abram-Abraham

Gods covenant changes Abrams name to Abraham.

What is missing from Marks Gospel?

Jesus life before adult hood.

Quadrivium

Masters of Arts (M.A) Degrees: law, medicine and theology studies: Arithmetic, Music, Geometry and Astronomy

Miriam

Moses' sister

Ephraim

Northern tribe of Israel

Pope john

Wants to bring up to date the church.

The Scholastic Method

Way of teaching @ Universities Lectio (Lecture / Reading) : a teacher would read a text, expounding on certain words and ideas, but no questions were permitted; it was a simple reading of a text: instructors explained, and students listened in silence. Collatio (Critical Examination) Quaestio (Formal Debate) above leads to debate - Disputatio - Responsio - Determinato

Civil Rights Movement

a social movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, in which people organized to demand equal rights for African Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair laws. They gave speeches, marched in the streets, and participated in boycotts.

Jebusites

canaanite inhabitants of jerusalem, whom the israelites had not conquered up to the time of david

Homousios

exactly the same. Example is Jesus the Son is exactly the same as God the Father.

Historiography of Martin Luther, his bad rap

often polemical, now more balanced.

Negeb

parched region

Amos

prophet of social justice

Ezekiel

prophet with vision of rebuilt temple and waters flowing, invented idea of mobile God who was with exiled people in Babylon

the Logos?

the Word of God, or principle of divine reason and creative order, identified in the Gospel of John with the second person of the Trinity incarnate in Jesus Christ.

Arius and alexander

the two men who met at the Council of Nicaea to debate the person the Jesus and produce the Nicene Creed

Excummunication

withdrawal from the church

1st and 2nd Election

1st election: choosing people to actually be saved and then from that they save a certain group again. Shown with Abrahams sons.

13th century lead to the rise of what?

2 cultural movements 1. Social and Political (Rise of the University) 2. Church (Mendicants)

Isaiah

2 isaiahs

Marcion

A second-century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labeled a heretic for his docetic Christology and his belief in two Gods - the harsh legalistic God of the Jews and the merciful loving God of Jesus - views that he claimed to have found in the writings of Paul.

Apostasy

A total denial of Christ and a disavowal of the Christian faith.

What is a witness?

A witness is someone whose life gives testimony to his or her beliefs. some one who has expirenced jesus and is willing to stand up for his or her faith.

Gomorrah

Abraham pleaded this town not to be destroyed either. god did though

Hagar

Abraham's concubine who conceives and bears Ishmael

what is the Covenant of Circumcision?

Abrahams covenant with God. "Every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 For the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised"

Sodom

According to the Bible, the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah — called as a group The Cities on the Plain - were destroyed by God for their sins. It is often postulated that the sin of Sodom was homosexuality and rape. Before it was destroyed, a virtuous couple, Lot and his wife, were advised by God to leave the city immediately and not look back. Lot's wife submitted to temptation and, as she looked back on the city, she was turned into a pillar of salt.

Original Sin

Adam and Eve "the fall" by Paul. Sin

What connections are there between the three passages: Deuteronomy 6, Deuteronomy 26 and Joshua 24?

All three passages discuss that importance of serving only the One true Lord - not worshiping other Gods and thanking the lord for bringing the promised people out of Egypt.

Assuming these three passages tell "the basic story," do you notice anything missing from the story? (Deuteronomy 6, Deuteronomy 26 and Joshua 24)

All three passages discuss the parting of the red sea, the Israelites leaving Egypt, talks about the power of God - how he needs to be fears. Leaves out a lot about how Moses was the hand.

Why does Amos criticize Israel?

Amos is angered by Israel's disregard for God's law... He explains God's law as lovingly designed to protect the people- both the poor from going hungry and the rich from becoming greedy. He also criticizes false worship. (empty worship with no feelings

ecumenical council

An ecumenical council is when the entire Church, through the bishops, gathers together to address one or more issues vital to the life of the universal Church at a given period of time. The first seven councils of the Church are generally accepted and called the "Ecumenical Councils." The First Seven Ecumenical Councils, as commonly understood, are: First Council of Nicaea (325) First Council of Constantinople (381) Council of Ephesus (431) Council of Chalcedon (451) Second Council of Constantinople (553) Third Council of Constantinople (680) Second Council of Nicaea (787)

Docetism?

Appearance, to seam: Christ only seemed to have a human body and to suffer and die on the cross, actually had no human qualities. only divine.

Aram

Aram is a region mentioned in the Bible located in present-day central Syria, including where the city of Aleppo now stands. At its height, Aram stretched from the Lebanon mountains eastward across the Euphrates,

what are the practices of Asceticism?

Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their practices or continue to be part of their society, but typically adopt a frugal lifestyle, characterised by the renunciation of material possessions and physical pleasures

what is the cutest animal ever?

Baby seals

What is Bible vs. Biblia?

Biblia is one book comprised of many different books. Bible literally means "books".

Define: Wisdom literature?

Books written to teach a lesson; maxims of the wise messages, wise sayings, advice, reflection etc - where the bible meets the word.

Describe the call of Deutero-Isaiah.

Call of the prophet, to undertake a new exodus away from Babylon.

what is Amos's message?

Calls for social justice for the poor and that the people of Israel are going against Gods law.

what is the Christian response to persecutions?

Collaborate (Jason), rebel (maccabees) and wait (religious pacifism)

How do you respond to religious persecution?

Collaborate, rebel and wait (religious pacifism)

what was monasticism and why was it attractive?

Commonly celibate and universally ascetic, the monastic individual separates himself or herself from society either by living as a hermit or anchorite (religious recluse) or by joining a community (coenobium) of others who profess similar intentionsthe monastic separates from society, either to abide alone as a religious recluse (hermit or anchorite) or to join a community of those who have separated themselves from their surroundings with similar intentions—i.e., the full-time pursuit of the religious life in its most radical and often in its most demanding guise.

What are the FORMS of proverbs?

Correspondence: Contrast: Comparison: What is futile and absurd: sequences of actions On the characteristics of certain persons: On proper priorities: On the consequences of actions:

Solomon

David's son who was a great king. He built massive project in Israel including the Great Temple. His project cost the people a lot of money in taxes causing a division in Israel.

what were the great persecutions of the 3rd century? names

Decius, Valerian and Diocletian

Ezekiel - person, message, audience

Dependant on God, God needs to put every word in his head, known for doing crazy things. He is to talk to the rebellious house of Israel... shows the complete control God has. ** spoke of lamentation and woe if the reblious house did not turn back to God** **God used the prophet Ezekiel in a powerful way. He appointed Ezekiel as watchman over the House of Israel to warn that if they did not repent and turn back to God He would execute the final stage of His judgement on them. **

God for us

Deus Pro Nobis

Pharoah(s)

Egyptian kings

What are the different names for God?

Elohim - God Adonai - lord Jehovah/Yahweh - I am who I am

God as Mother

Father mother brother, symbolic language, Julian Norwich... a compassionate God.

feast of first fruits

Feast that praised God for coming harvest

Predestination - Election - Adoption

First and second elections. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob chosen in elections over there other brother by God, more rewards, blessings. Election: Salvation, predestination and eternal life, love and life. Reprobation : Destruction, condemnation, eternal damnation, death and hate.

Who are the candidates to be Abraham's heir?

Genesis 17: 19 "Your wife Sarah shall have a son...Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him. As for Ishmael, I have heard you; I will bless him and make him fruitful...I will make him a great nation... but my covenant will be with Isaac"

Horeb

God revealed his name, YHWH, to Moses on Mount

Why has Pharaoh hardened his heart?

God will harden Pharaohs heart. 4: 21 "The lord said to Moses, "when you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put in your power; but I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go"

Duelism

Good and evil (God and the material world), have eternally existed side by side. There are two ultimate forces in the universe, God (good) and matter (evil).

El-roi

Hagar calls God what in Genesis 16

"Son of man"? Elaborate

Has double meaning. Human being and heavenly one. divine nature and human nature. Both are encompassed.

He believed that one should have faith and trust in god not the priest or pope.

How did Martin Luther's views differ from that of the Catholic Church?

...after it Europe became full of a bunch of different religions and powerful monarchies

How did the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation change the face of Europe?

Cain and Abel, the very first brothers, teach what truth about families, about humanity? Is there any sign of hope?

Humanity is a jealous and self centered, ** shows hope because God let them live life still... even though it is a pained life. It is possible to life and overcome sin.**

the Suffering church is

It is a characteristic of the church, by it'd very nature the church is a suffering church, Martyrs fighting for the church.

Synoptic problem solutions?

It is possible that, whichever A) Gospel was written first (possibly Mark, although the church fathers reported that Matthew was written first), the other Gospel writers had access to it. There is absolutely no problem with the idea that Matthew and/or Luke copied some text from Mark's Gospel and used it in their Gospels. Perhaps Luke had access to Mark and Matthew and used texts from both of them in his own Gospel.' B) Some argue that Matthew, Mark, and Luke are so similar that they must have used each other's Gospels or another common source. This supposed "source" has been given the title "Q" from the German word quelle, which means "source." Is there any evidence for a "Q" document? No, there is not. No portion or fragment of a "Q" document has ever been discovered. None of the early church fathers ever mentioned a Gospel "source" in their writings. "Q" is the invention of liberal "scholars" who deny the inspiration of the Bible. They believe the Bible to be nothing more than a work of literature, subject to the same criticism given to other works of literature. Again, there is no evidence whatsoever for a "Q" document—biblically, theologically, or historically.

Joseph

Joseph is an important figure in the Bible's Book of Genesis and also in the Quran. Sold into slavery by his jealous brothers, he rose to become vizier, the second most powerful man in Egypt next to Pharaoh, where his presence and office caused Israel to leave Canaan and settle in Egypt.

Anachronisms? (def)

Knowing the difference between history <---> story. Folk stories have historical elements but not completely.

Define: Seleucids?

Members of a Syrian dynasty founded by one of the generals of Alexander the Great. See Intertestamental History. After Alexander died his territory was divided into 4 sections. **His territory extended over a vast region, however the land of Israel and Jerusalem long remained contested between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies, primarily because it formed part of the tenuous border between them.**

Midian

Midianites a people mentioned in the Torah

What are the 4 kingdoms, and the plus 1?

Mythological beasts symbolizing kingdoms. Babylonian empire: like a lion with eagles wings. (seen in Babylonian art) Median Empire: predicted attack on Babylon by Median Empire , Like a bear with three tusks. Persian Empire: Four wings and four heads, represents how The Persian empire moved in all 4 directions. Empire of Alexander the Great: Ten horns, horns are a symbol of divine power. ** +1 is different than the animal depictions, shows a human figure, almost from a heavenly realm, moves beyond history, people think it represents a angelic symbol for Israel on a heavenly level. **

In Amos 1-3, who shall be rescued from the Day of the LORD?

No one, total and complete judgement upon the people of Israel.

Structure of a Quaestione

Objections Sed Contra Responio Answer to objections **always opponent argument first** Thomas .... points for a debate.... study guides for students.

Bashan

Og the king of Bashan had his residence. At the time of the Israelites entrance into the Promised Land, Og came out against them, but was utterly routed. Bashan extended from Gilead in the south to Hermon in the north, and from the Jordan river on the west to Salcah on the east

congregationalism

Pastor of congregation desires what we believe, we invite a pastor and he will the be congregations.

Shechem

Place of the renewal of the covenant in the Promised Land. Where Abraham received the promise of God.

what is the Covenant Formula?(origin, form)

Preamble historical Prologue Stipulations Obligations Promises Attention to Document Witnesses to the treaty Blessings and Curses Rite that seals the covenant "sign" of the covenant ** look up specifics to Abrahams story**

Prophet, prophecy, prophesy

Prophet: an individual who is claimed to have been contacted by the supernatural or the divine, and to speak for them, serving as an intermediary with humanity, delivering this newfound knowledge from the supernatural entity to other people. Prophecy: The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy Prophesy: how the message Is given , delivered.

Dominicans

Religious order founded by St. Dominic de Guzman who fought heresies, educated people, and had roles in the papal inquisition. wanted to end heresy.

Social context of Rerum Novarum

Rerum Novarum is considered a foundational text of modern Catholic social teaching. 1891 - Pope Leo XII's call to the Catholic Church to work to alleviate social problems such as poverty, invalidate capitalism.

what is the Suffering Servant?

Second Isaiah speaks of the suffering servant; the suffering of the Jewish servant need to realize that there suffering will end and lead to salvation not just die ** One symbolic explanation of Jesus's death freeing us from our sins, found in Isaiah** Part of the passion

What is a Martyr?

Someone who is willing to die for their faith

Ishmael

Son of Abraham and Hagar

unleavened bread

Symbolized the haste of the Hebrew departure from Egypt.

Difference between Tales of conflict and Tales of contest?

Tales of **Conflict**: Daniel 1,3,6 Tales of **Contest**: Daniel 4 and 5

Experiential knowledge of God's nearness

That everyone can have an experience with God, you can find God in all things, he is not unknowable. Much like the mystics. You can pray anywhere you are because god id everywhere. Everyday do an Examen, reflecting on where god was in your life today.

sola fide, sola gratia, sola scriptura

The Five Solas are: 1. **Sola Scriptura ("Scripture alone"): The Bible alone is our highest authority.** 2.** Sola Fide ("faith alone"): We are saved through faith alone in Jesus Christ.** 3. **Sola Gratia ("grace alone"): We are saved by the grace of God alone.** 4. Solus Christus ("Christ alone"): Jesus Christ alone is our Lord, Savior, and King. 5. Soli Deo Gloria ("to the glory of God alone"): We live for the glory of God alone.

Eden

The Garden of Eden or often Paradise is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.

What is distinctive about Jesus according to Mark?

The Gospel According to Mark has no story of Jesus's birth. Instead, Mark's story begins by describing Jesus's adult life, introducing it with the words, "The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. difficult to read as a logically progressing narrative. This Gospel is brief and concise, reading almost like an outline, with little effort made to connect the roughly chronological list of incidents

Hebrew Scriptures

The Old Testament, Torah

...where catholic and protestants placed restrictions on Jews.

The Reformation also led to a period of anti-Semitism, what is this?

How is the covenant at Sinai ratified/sealed?

The altar that Moses builds is used to sacrifice oxen, as offerings of well-being. In Exodus 24:6-8, we read that the blood from these animals is collected. Half of it is dashed on the altar, while the other half gets thrown on the people. The altar is representative of God, which would mean that the blood of the covenant is put on both God and the people... both parties are responsible for keeping the covenant (compare Hebrews 9:11-22). This gruesome act was a way to literally seal the covenant in blood. The covenant is made real by words and the concrete action of putting blood on them. The second time that the people say, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do," they add the promise, "and we will be obedient" (Exodus 24:7; compare 24:3).

Canon

The collection of books the Church recognizes as the inspired Word of God.

Mosaic Covenant

The conditional covenant that God made with Israel at Mount Sinai that promised blessings for obedience to the Law and curses for disobedience.

Torah

The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this.

Cyrus

The future king of the Persian Empire whom Isaiah predicted would command the return of the Jews to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple. Isaiah made this prophecy and called the king by name 200 years prior to his birth.

Uriah the Hittite

The husband of Bathsheba and one of the "might men" of King David who helped fight the warring tribes of Canaan. He was always loyal to David, but he was killed when David betrayed him

For Isaiah, what has enkindled the "anger of the LORD"?

The land the lord gave Is no longer being planted but put to waste, people rise in the morning in pursuits of strong drinks, people drag iniquity along with cords of falsehood, dragging sin along with a cart of ropes, people put darkness before light and see light as darkness.

What's important for Luther, what sparks his Reformation?

The selling of indulgences. Ripping off Christians. the rise of humanism.

The great Schism

The separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church (1054 CE)

Diaspora? (Def)

The spreading of the Jewish people. **Started to lose their culture so they translated the Torah into Greek- a language everyone spoke (LXX) **

Define: Hellenization? (What, how and why?)

The state of becoming Greek, adoption of Greek customs, language.

Assyria

Their kings were viewed as both gods and kings and the center of the universe. They were known as a warrior people who ruthlessly conquered neighboring countries. They used iron weapons, cavalry, couriers, signal fires, and spy networks as well as scare tactics and mass deportation to conquer others.Their control was more effective at the core and less effective in the peripheral parts of the empire. They consisted of free, land-owning citizens, farmers and artisans, and slaves. They preserved the knowledge inherited from older Mesopotamian societies and made original contributions to mathematics and astronomy. They maintained libraries that were attached to temples in the cities, such as the Library of Ashurbanipal in Ninevah.

Plenary Verbal Inspiration

Theory of plenary: verbal inspiration. The word plenary means "complete or full," and verbal means "the very words of Scripture." So plenary, verbal inspiration is the view that every single word in the Bible is the very word of God. It's not just the ideas or thoughts that are inspired, but the words themselves.

Fragmentary Hypothesis

They believed that fragments of different date and authorship were added to one original Mosaic work.

Ahaz

This King of Judah who feared an invasion from Syria and Israel. He asked the Assyrians for help and had to pledge loyalty to Assyria and forced to recognize false gods.

The council Nicaea

This first ecumenical council was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom

Faith and Reason

Two ways Thomas Aquinas felt a person could learn. In that moment of a clash between two cultures — a moment in which it seemed that faith would have to capitulate to reason — Thomas demonstrated that the two go together: what seemed to be reason incompatible with faith was not reason, and what seemed to be faith was not faith insofar as it was opposed to true rationality.

Brotherhood: no private property

a form of religious socialism, a kind of communism within the Anabaptist movement. everything is your neighbors.

Nonviolence

a policy that all segregation protestors followed; had to not fight back in order to make whites look bad

Luther's Style/Form

an educational form, writings and discussions, wants to dispute. Passionate quest, preached, proclaimed. his personal, passionate search for God of mercy is reflected in his theology: occasional, passionate, proclamation, preaching, no Summa

Separation of the church from the world, nonconformity to the world

believed the church should be separate from state, it should be a choice what religion / order you chose.

Adam

catcher of big fish, good at jumping out of top bunks of beds and scaring the shit out of lindsey

Jerusalem

conquered by the Israelite King David

Features of early Christian communities? (from acts)

did not start as a unified movement spread of Christianity went northward from Jerusalem and was quite popular in urban areas.

Franciscans

founded by St. Francis; order stressed vows of poverty and gentleness to all creatures, lived with the poor.

Historiography of John Calvin, his bad rap

his ideas on predestination, very controversial.

Egypt

home of pharaoh, 10 plauges... Moses "let my people Go"

Noah

individual chosen by God to survive the Great Flood God established his second covenant with me and he will never destroy the earth by floodwaters again

The Holiness Code

instructs the people to give to those who are poor and "to love thy neighbor as thyself" (Lev. 19:18), sacredness of blood, sanctity of the priesthood, honoring holy days, the Jubilee Year (Lev. 25:8-22) **This is the theme really of the whole Bible. We have been sanctified by God, and because He is holy, and because He is making man into His image, we must be holy like Him.**

What is Hersey? and Orthodxy?

it denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith, orthodoxy is the acceptance of a theory or doctrine or practice. **Orthodoxy is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. In the Christian sense the term means "conforming to the Christian faith as represented in the creeds of the early Church". **

Cain

killed his brother

threefold office of bishops, presbyters and deacons? why?

needed some structure in the christen communities defense from persecutions. Church order - put in place by Ignatius of Antioch

The sunday Eucharist? what is the general structure?

prayer, breaking of bread and wine, songs and hymes, brother and sister coming together.

Isaac

son of Abraham - continued covenant with God.

Voluntary Association

you could chose to be apart of the church not a state religion.

What are the disciples taught In the center of Mark's Gospel?

"'Do you have eyes, and fail to see? Do you have ears, and fail to hear?'" (8:17-21). Ouch, Jesus. they continue to leave jesus at times of need.

The Exodus - earliest remembrance, subsequent retellings

** look up before test**

WHO ARE YOU

****ING AMAZING REMEMBER THAT YOU CRAZY BITCH

"Theology" of the Old Testament

**look up before test**

Antony - outline of life

...

what are the wisdom books?

1. Jobs 2. Psalms 3. Proverbs 4. Ecclesiastes 5. Song of Solomon (song of songs) 6. Wisdom of Solomon (Wisdom) 7. Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)

Nonviolent Direct Action - why? how?

1. collection of the facts 2. negotiation 3. self - purification 4. direct action

Creed

A formal statement of religious belief or confession of faith.

Lot

Abraham's nephew

Abel

Adam and Eve's second son. Because his sacrifice was acceptable to God, he was murdered by his envious brother Cain. keeper of sheep.

Elohim

An early Hebrew word for God found in the Book of Genesis.

ressourcement

An idea of thru council, lets go back to the start, go back to the sources, Vatican 2, new appreciation of the church fathers.

Mysticism

An intense experience of the presence and power of God, resulting in a deeper sense of union w/ God; those who regularly experience such Union are called Mystics. **transformation of consciousness based on direct experience with God.

Nonresistance, Biblical pacifism

Anabaptist practiced religious pacifism, would not fight back, do not take arms. did not bid well for state army's.

Just versus Unjust Laws

"that which is not just seems to be no law at all" Thomas Aquinas. - Any law that uplifts the human personality is JUST - Any law that degrades human personality is UNJUST.

Who Is Daniel?

( Jew enslaved by king )Daniel is a dream interpreter. He interprets the writings for King Belshazzar, stating that they came from the Most High God. In Christian bible he is in prophets. Hebrew Bible it is in writings section. Book of Daniel differs in the Tanah and the Septituk.

Should religious texts like these, in which a prophet speaks against unjust governments on the basis of religious faith, provide support for our doing the same today? Why or why not?

**look up before test**

Apocrypha? (def)

- A group of 14 books, not considered canonical, included in the Septuagint and the Vulgate as part of the Old Testament, but usually omitted from Protestant editions of the Bible. - Various religious writings of uncertain origin regarded by some as inspired, but rejected by most authorities.

Apology

"A word in support of" written to Refute changes brought against Christians (cannibalism, incest, etc.) Provide corrective information about Christian life and worship. appeal to the good side of roman character which was reason. Make counterchanges against the romans threaten them because the romans needed them.

How does he embody the gloom of these early chapters of Genesis?

"Lamech", the son of "Methusael" was from Satan, through Cain. The seed, or offspring of Cain are the wicked seed, and a great deception exists in the Scripture. ?? - googled this... **a person to describe the violence in the world**

Supplementary Hypothesis

In biblical studies, the supplementary hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. This hypothesis serves as a revision to the earlier documentary hypothesis which proposed that independent and complete narratives were later combined by redactors to create the Pentateuch.

Imago Dei

Latin for "image of God," which refers to the fact that God created man in his own image and likeness.

Magis

Magis invites us to consider how we can serve the world better, with fire, passion, and zeal.

"First Principle and Foundation"

Man is created to praise, reverence, and serve God Our Lord, and by doing so, to save his or her soul. All other things on the face of the earth are created for human beings in order to help them pursue the end for which they are created. **FIRST WEEK SPIRITUAL EXERCISES**

Marah, Massah, Meribah

Marah is one of the locations which the Torah identifies as having been travelled through by the Israelites, during the Exodus. The liberated Israelites set out on their journey in the desert, somewhere in the Sinai Peninsula. And it becomes clear that they are not spiritually free. Reaching Marah, the place of a well of bitter water, bitterness and murmuring, Israel receives a first set of divine ordinances and the foundation of the Shabbat. The shortage of water there is followed by a shortness of food. Moses throws a log into the bitter water, making it sweet. Later God sends manna and quail.

Mendicants

Members of certain religious orders who live simple lives, taking a vow of poverty, living outside of monasteries, and begging or working for food. Beggars.

The Consistory

Model of church governance. Cousil governing the church. the council of cardinals, with or without the pope.

Augustine and Pelagius

Original sin comes here why do we always chose to sin Pelagic thought **Nature, free-will, virtue and law, these strictly defined and made independent of the notion of God - were the catch-words of Pelagianism: self-acquired virtue is the supreme good which is followed by reward. Religion and morality lie in the sphere of the free spirit; they are at any moment by man's own effort.**

Seth

Osiris evil brother, cut Osiris up into 14 pieces and tossed them into the nile river

How did the flood occur?

Genesis 7: 4 - "I will send rain on the earth for 40 days and 40 nights..." Genesis 7: 11 - " On that day all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of heaven were opened. The rain fell..."

How long did the flood last?

Genesis 8: 14 " In the 601st year in the second month, on the twenty seventh day of the month , the earth was dry." - The rains fell for 150 days. - The world was finally dry after 370 days (about).

Why does God care about the Israelites?

God made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants... Genesis 17: 7 "I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your offspring after you throughout their generations , for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you."

what is the Abrahamic Covenant?

God makes Abraham the patriarch of 12 tribes. All the sons in the 12 tribes have to be circumcised

Stewardship

God's entrusting of the earth's natural resources to mankind in order to care for the world, to master it by labor, and to enjoy its fruits.

Tanakh

- A term for the books of the Bible that make up the Hebrew canon.

Septuagint

Greek translation of the Old Testament - A third-century BC Greek translation of the Scriptures (Old Testament) made by seventy-two Jewish scholars. This translation was accepted by the early Christians as authoritative and inspired. The writers of the New Testament quoted from it.

What are the three divisions of the new testiment?

Historical Pauline Letters and Non Pauline Letters

Literary Forms

The Bible contains historical literature (1 and 2 Kings), dramatic literature (Job), legal documents (much of Exodus and Deuteronomy), song lyrics (The Song of Solomon and Psalms), poetry (most of Isaiah), wisdom literature (Proverbs and Ecclesiastes), apocalyptic literature (Revelation and parts of Daniel), short story (Ruth), sermons (as recorded in Acts), speeches and proclamations (like those of King Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel), prayers (many Psalms), parables (such as those Jesus told), fables (such as Jotham told), and epistles (Ephesians and Romans). **The different genres can overlap. Many of the psalms, for example, are also prayers. Some of the epistles contain poetry. Each type of literature has unique characteristics should be approached with due consideration**

who is Abraham's heir?

The covenant is passed to Isaac.

Valerian (253 - 260)

Roman Emperor, The martyrs that fell in this persecution were innumerable, and their tortures and deaths as various and painful. The most eminent martyrs were the following, though neither rank, sex, nor age were regarded.

Early Modern Catholicism

Royal Reform, Spain is completely catholic. **the Spanish inquisition** Episcopal reform.

sign, symbol, sacrament

Sacrament participates, is a type of symbol. D

Documentary Hypothesis

-The theory that the Torah came to exist through the combination of several originally separate "documents." The most common "documents" are labeled: J, E, P & D

sacraments

Sacred rituals performed by the Catholic church. There are seven: baptism, confirmation, marriage, communion, penance, holy order (that is, becoming a priest), and extreme unction (words spoken at the death bed). sign or symbol

Apocryphon example

Sarai's Beauty, people praised her for her beauty so you think she is like 20 years old but she is actually 90.

Justification by grace through faith alone

The just will live by faith." He dwelled on this statement for some time. Finally, he realized the key to spiritual salvation was not to fear God or be enslaved by religious dogma but to believe that faith alone would bring salvation. This period marked a major change in his life and set in motion the Reformation.

what is Passover?

The name of the Jewish ritual meal that Jesus celebrated with his disciples the night before he died. It has been celebrated for thousands of years to commemorate the escape of the Israelites from the Egyptians

"heavenly liturgy"

The worship of God in Heaven by the angels and saints, led by Christ the High Priest, who re-presents the sacrificial offering of himself to the Father, thus renewing the work of our redemption.

Decius (249 -250)

. He was the first Roman emperor to promote systematic persecution of the Christians.

Natural Law

Truths known by everyone. revelation is needed God needs to reveal, nothing holding people back from these revelations. **Natural law is a philosophy that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature and universally cognizable through human reason. Historically, natural law refers to the use of reason to analyze both social and personal human nature to deduce binding rules of moral behavior. The law of nature, being determined by nature, is universal.**

What is Qoheleth's wisdom and or advise?

Urges readers to take joy in what they have and to fear God despite knowing that "for everything there is a season"

How do ascetics understand the human nature of the body?

...

The creed of Nicaea and Constantinolpe.. Whos denying the 4 episodes of the creed?

...

more cute pictures of baby animals

....

Earnest Christians

....???

what are the two types of Call Narrative?

1) a situation of distress or crisis in which God confronts the person 2) the commissioning of the person for some action or message 3) objections raised by the person in the form of inadequacy for the task 4) assurance of God's help, often in the formula "I will be with you" 5) a sign to confirm the commission, often with the content of the commission - Other call narratives direct the person to do the task right away and the person complies without worry.

They wanted to execute Luther

What steps did the Catholic Church take after the 95 Theses had been published?

They tried to enact the reform from within

What was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation?

...It set up schools for the popes and ended corruption, in 1545 Pope Paul 3

What was the Council of Trent? When did it occur? And who lead it?

...was used to combat the Protestant Reformation, St. Ignatius of Loyola

What was the Society of Jesus, and who was its founder?

Samaria

What was the capital of Israel after the Kingdom of Israel divided in two?

Eliezer

What was the name of the servant of Abraham that tried to find a wife for Isaac?

Wealth from charging high fees for marriages and baptisms

What were some of the examples of the corruption that had over taken the Catholic Church by the 1500's?

was the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther, on the Wittenburg church.

What were the 95 Theses? Who wrote them, and where were they posted?

Sinai

Where Moses received the Law in the form of the 10 Commandments. and burning bush.

From the church doing wrong ,From Luther and Calvin protesting

Where did the Protestant reformation get its name from? What was the reason for the reformation?

Ur of the Chaldeans

Where does Abraham first depart from?

Where is "covenant" mentioned in the Biblical text?

4 Major covenants: Davidic Mosaic Abrahamic Noahic **A promise/contract/pact made between God and Mankind/an individual**

Beer-sheba

Where does Elijah flee when Jezebel threatens him?

Martin Luther and John Calvin

Who were the leaders of the Protestant Reformation?

Define: Hellenism? (What, how and why?)

:devotion to or imitation of ancient Greek thought, customs, or styles : Greek civilization especially as modified in the Hellenistic period by influences from southwestern Asia : a body of humanistic and classical ideals associated with ancient Greece and including reason, the pursuit of knowledge and the arts, moderation, civic responsibility, and bodily development

Eucharist and eucahrist (lowercase)

?

What is the diversity of options in "The Book of Proverbs?

?

What is the structure of a Eucharistic Prayer?

?

"The Golden Booklet of the Christian Life"

??

Office of ministry

??

Sanctification, the virtuous life

??

full and active participation

???

Judah

A Hebrew kingdom in Palestine, established around 922 B.C. Judah prospered under Assyrian vassalage

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

YHWH

A name for God that God himself revealed to Moses and the Chosen People on Mount Sinai. The word means "I Am Who Am" and led to Israel's understanding that God is the one, living, and true God.

Define: Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Seleucids promoted Greek language and culture throughout their domains. This included their heathen religion, which from the perspective of Bible History, reached its most outrageous extreme in 167 B.C. when Antiochus IV Epiphanes entered the Temple of God which had been rebuilt by Ezra and Nehemiah in Jerusalem, erected an altar to the pagan god Zeus, and sacrificed a pig on it. That "abomination of desecration" triggered the Maccabean uprising by the Hasmoneans **Hellenistic - wanted everything in Jerusalem to be Greek. **

Social Situation of Mysticism

Sign of the times: Social and political motives for mysticism: The black death, the plague (1348-1369) Hundred years war 1337-1453) Church motives for mysticism: Increased heterodoxy, Schism, Heresy. The inquisition Avignon Great Schism

what is the Covenant Code?

Simple proceeds Deuteronomy The Covenant Code, or The Book of the Covenant, is the name given by academics to a text appearing in the Torah at Exodus 20:19-23:33. Biblically, the text is the second of the law codes given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai.

what is Babel and God's plan?

Babel is a great tower to the heavens created by people who had one language and wanted to make a name for themselves with God. God's plan was the confuse there language and scatter the people around the face of the earth.

who Is Deutero-Isaiah's audience?

Babylonian people

Trivium

Bachelors of Arts (B.A) Grammar Logic (Dialectic) Rhetoric

Inerrancy

Biblical inerrancy, as formulated in the " Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy ", is the doctrine that the Bible "is without error or fault in all its teaching"; or, at least, that "Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact".

Canonicity (Canon)? (Def)

Canonicity describes the standard that books had to meet to be recognized as scripture. - a collection or list of sacred books accepted as genuine:

...Because of the inventions by the peasants such as printing press.

Why were Luther's and Calvin's ideas able to spread across Europe so quickly?

Bathsheba

Wife of Uriah, a Hittite soldier working for King David, her adultery with David caused David to murder her husband and evoked the denunciation of the prophet Nathan. She becomes the mother of Solomon.

who is Amos's audience?

Working for the poor, talking to the people of Israel.

Does place have any significance where God calls Moses?

Yes, the mountain Is sacred ground - the mountain of God.

Adult baptism - an intelligent life commitment

babies do not have a choice, baptize when you have a choice and can attone for your sins.

What is the Messianic Secret? Why is it important?

claimed that Jesus did not ever think He was the Messiah and that Mark (and the rest of the New Testament authors) sensationalized Jesus and made Him into the Messiah. Wrede claims Mark added the Messianic Secret in an attempt to give a reason for why Jesus was not accepted by many as Messiah until after His death. Wrede's theory enjoyed some popularity during the 1920s but faded soon thereafter. There is many reasons in the new testiment that shows this. It also means that Christ dying on the cross was in unknown act of selflesness

Blandina

female Christian slave who survived extreme torture and persecution, such as being tossed around by a bull; died in Lyons a martyr for her faith.

Eve

first woman

Excommunication, the ban - Why? On whom? To what extent?

you were banned from the order, could not talk to any one, very severe ban, worse than excommunication, damning the soul. would go as far as family members and husband and wife could not see each other if one was banned.

Babylon

great imperial city to which they conquered people in judah were taken as captives by Nebuchadnezzar

Limits of Inspiration

not all inspired texts are historical... ment to inspire... limits to understanding.

Church discipline - excommunication

proclaims you are spiritually dead.

Papal Reform

reform morals, clear clergy, work with bishops.

Christ's presence in the liturgy

sacramental presence, bread and wine

Mamre

sacred site with oak tree where Abraham & Sarah camp "The LORD appeared to Abraham near the great trees of Mamre while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent in the heat of the day."

Why the desert?

seclusion.

Abimelech

son of Gideon; takes over kingdom; kills siblings so that they don't inherit the throne

the inquisition

tried heretics in court and resulted from fear - Started in Spain, was a process of capturing, torturing, and killing non-Catholics to root out Heresy.

conciliar model

urges the whole church to come together to reform corruption.

social tradition

want to understand how texts construct (or fail to construct) shared meaning between people; identification?????

Episcopal Reform

was born from and exists in parallel to the "Spirit of Vatican II." That is, the 1979 BCP embodied wide-spread changes that were rooted in the scholarship of the Liturgical Renewal that was embodied in Vatican II's Novus Ordo liturgies

When/How does narrative incoherence arise?

when multiple stories in the bible may seem different but they could be the same story told in a different way. oral tradition can cause this. Example: triple narratives about the wife/ sister of Abraham.

What is the Law of Retribution?

when you seak vengance, you hurt yourself instead, an eye for an eye, with porportional punishment.

apophatic

without words, god is not. mystical theology (pseudo dionysius wrote in 6th century)- limited use of names and images

Old Testament

Hebrew Scriptures - 4 books

What are the Characteristics of Apocalyptic Literature?

describes: (1) writings from God that employ symbolic language to tell of a divine intervention soon to take place; (2) the doctrinal system explicit in these writings; and (3) the movement(s) that produced the writings and doctrines. (4) revelation given by spiritual being. (5) talks about historic events, living in end times. (6) uses numbers, symbolic language, and codes.

The Mendicant Orders

developed in response to the needs of a poor and mobile community ** Selling all they have, Mendicant Friars are members of those religious orders which, originally, by vow of poverty renounced all proprietorship not only individually but also (and in this differing from the monks) in common, relying for support on their own work and on the charity of the faithful. Hence the name of begging friars. **

Models of Inspiration

direct revelation - God is a witness, or mediator, to the Word of God. Dictation theory of inspiration: sees God as the author of Scripture and the individual human agents as secretaries or amanuenses taking dictation. God spoke, and man wrote it down. Theory of plenary: verbal inspiration. The word plenary means "complete or full," and verbal means "the very words of Scripture." So plenary, verbal inspiration is the view that every single word in the Bible is the very word of God. It's not just the ideas or thoughts that are inspired, but the words themselves.

The feast of unleavened bread and the Passover festival are both related to the Exodus. How?

"Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread, because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt. Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. 18 In the first month you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day." - They are both days to commemorate. Exodus 12: 14 "This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance." ** considered one meal in two separate stories - couldn't leven the bread in time, were passed over by the angel of death because of the meat of the meal**

A.M.D.G.

"It means, all for the greater glory of God." Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam To live Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam is a way of being that permeates every thought, every deed, every action and inaction—all is contemplated and weighed, all for the greater glory of God.

Define: "The Synoptic Problem"?

"The Synoptic Problem, briefly stated, is the attempt to explain how Matthew, Mark, and Luke agree, yet disagree, in these three areas: content, wording, and order... Synoptic Problem is the term that has been used to describe the task in determining the precise relationships between the first three gospels. **The question of how to explain the similarities and differences among the Synoptic Gospels **

The Content of Luther's theology

"The just will live by faith." He dwelled on this statement for some time. Finally, he realized the key to spiritual salvation was not to fear God or be enslaved by religious dogma but to believe that faith alone would bring salvation. This period marked a major change in his life and set in motion the Reformation.

what is Deutero-Isaiah's message?

"go out from Babylon" The role of the forigen kings is to rescue Israel and set them free. **going back to Zion, a second exodus from Babylon back to Zion** Pilgrimage

Apostolicity

"mark by which the Church of today is recognized as being founded by Jesus Christ upon the Apostles."

Montanism

(156-200s) An apocalyptic movement founded by Montanus in Phrygia. He believed the new, heavenly kingdom was to begin in Pepuza from an outpouring of the Holy Spirit. Followers rejected the authority of the Church. The movement was popular in North Africa and even attracted Tertullian. The heresy forbade second marriages, stricter fasting disciplines, and rejected flight from persecution.

Constantine

(274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Passover

(Judaism) a Jewish festival (traditionally 8 days) celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt

David

(Old Testament) the 2nd and greatest king of the Israelites; he united the tribes into a single nation.

Schism

(n.) a formal split within a religious organization; any division or separation of a group or organization into hostile factions

Anathema

(n.) an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article)

Heresy

(n.) an opinion different from accepted belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred

Vanity <--> Carpe Diem <--> Fear God?

(themes within Ecclesiastes) Vanity: Urges people in the mist of vanity to embrace life and its goods. a life without god, is vanity. Carpe Diem: embracing life, seizing the day but remembering that with that vanity can come and we must continue to fear God. Fear God: fear god and keep his commandments; for that is the whole duty of everyone. "With dreams comes vanities and a multitude of words; but fear God" (Look at Ecclesiastes chapter 11)

What was brought into the ark?

**2 versions** Genesis 6: 18 - "I will establish my covenant with you; and you shall come into the ark, you, your sons, your wife, and your sons' wives with you. And of every living thing, of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark... they should be male and female... also take with you every kind of food that is eaten and store it up..." Genesis 7: 2 - "Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and its mate; and a pair of the animals that are not clean... and seven pairs of the birds of the air..."

What are the duplications of Abrahams story?

**Covenant with Abraham** - Genesis 15 - The lord (YHWH) and Genesis 17 - God (Elohim) **triple narrative about the wife and sister** Gen 12: the lord YHWH protects and saves Sarah. Gen 20: presupposes first account, God Elohim is concerned with justice of Sarah pretending to be Abrams sister. Gen 26: The lord (YHWH) protects Rebekah from danger when she is pretending to be her husbands sister. Example of incoherence as well. More duplications... ** Promise** I will give you this land Gen 12, Gen 13, Gen 17, Gen 18, Gen 26, Gen 35. ** hagar and Ishmel driven away** Gen 16, Gen 21

Short Historical Credo: What is it? Why would one come to such a theory? Examples.

**look up before day of test**

Atrahasis? (def)

- The Atrahasis is the Akkadian/Babylonian epic of the Great Flood sent by the gods to destroy human life. Only the good man, Atrahasis was warned of the impending deluge by the god Ea who instructed him to build an ark to save himself. Atrahasis heeded the words of the god, loaded two of every kind of animal into the ark, and so preserved human and animal life on earth. - The Atrahasis, like the story of Noah's Ark, is finally a tale of hope and of faith in a deeper meaning to the tragedies of the human experience.

What are general characteristics of wisdom literature?

- based on reason and personal experience. - observation and intuition - natural revelation - stores the secrets to success and human happiness in the created order. - no interest in historical tradition - nothing YHWHISTIC - tells what is good for human beings.

What is the general time frame of the new testiment writings? ( time frame of the divisions)

100 year period 50- 150 ABC First written is Letters Pauline Then Gospels mark, Matthew then Luke Acts Revelation Letters Non Pauline more individual letters Pauline

Who is supposed to meet God at Sinai?

19:20 "When the lord descended upon Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain, the lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain and Moses went up"

aggiornamento

2 movements in pushing the documents of liturgy to come out.......

Rise of the University

20+ universities opened in the 13th century 22+ more universities in the 14th century 2 types of schooling... Tritium and Quadrivium

What are the books of the new testiment?

27 books in new testiment Historical: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and acts Pauls letters: Romans, 1,2nd Corinthians, Galations, Ephesians Non Pauline letters: Hebrews, James, Peter, John, Jude Apocaliptic: Revelation

Scholasticism

A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. ** A medieval method of theological inquiry using Asisototlian approaches to ordering and analyzing reality and applying them to the truths of the churches faith. So named because it was developed by various schools in European universities by religious orders. (Dominicans, Franciscans) **. Faith and reason blending Greek learning into Christianity.

Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches... Protestantism martin luther his 95 thesis.... new church governement with Calvin.

Describe the covenant(s) between God and Abraham - obligations, promises, sign.

As for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be the father of many nations. 5 No longer will you be called Abram[b]; your name will be Abraham,[c] for I have made you a father of many nations. 6 I will make you very fruitful; I will make nations of you, and kings will come from you. 7 I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. 8 The whole land of Canaan, where you now reside as a foreigner, I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and I will be their God." 9 Then God said to Abraham, "As for you, you must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations to come. 10 This is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: Every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you.

How do theology and history differ in views on the passion?

Ask different questions. Theology: Why did Jesus Die? History: How did Jesus Die? What was the charge against Jesus? Who killed Jesus?

Infallibility

Biblical infallibility is the belief that what the Bible says regarding matters of faith and Christian practice is wholly useful and true. It is the "belief that the Bible is completely trustworthy as a guide to salvation and the life of faith and will not fail to accomplish its purpose. Some equate 'inerrancy' and 'infallibility'; others do not." **cannot read the bible this way**

who is Amos?

Calls for social justice... A shepard from judah who goes to the north to preach against the sinful kingdom of Israel. Harsh angry prophet who is said to roar like a lion.

The Theologian of the Reformation

Calvin.... They all believed that the scriptures alone were sufficient to govern all believers in matters of faith and practice, and that the scriptures taught that justification was by grace alone through faith alone in Jesus Christ.

The Indulgence controversy, 95 theses

Can you buy your way to heaven?

What is the purpose of Scripture?

Dei Verbum and Chicago Statement: For the sake of salvation.

When reading scripture, what must one pay attention to? (Dei Verbum)

Dei Verbum: Literary forms ( historical, prophetic, poetic, etc. The content and unity of scripture (how it all fits together). Living traditions, harmony within the elements of faith (cohesiveness). All interpretations are subject to the church.

Who wrote Scripture, who is the "author"?

Dei Verbum: The author is God, but humans are the true writers, choosing to write from the words that God spoke (humans have a role to play) Chicago Statement: Author is the Holy Spirit - the writer is man under the watchful eye of God. (Less wiggle room of humans to pick and choose what to write.)

Which parts of the Bible are inspired?

Dei Verbum: The books of the old testiment "written under divine inspiration" only the 4 gospels are inspired. Chicago Statement: The whole bible, a revelation given by God - down to the very words of the original text ( all written divinely) **According to the catholic church both the new and old testaments are considered inspired" **

Moab

Descendants of Moab the son of Lot, Genesis 19:30-38. The land of Moab lay east and southeast of the Dead Sea, and chiefly south of the river Arnon... On the approach of Israel from Egypt, the Moabites acted with great inhumanity, Numbers 22:1-24:25 De 2:8-9; and though God spared them from conquest, he excluded them and their seed even to the tenth generation form the peculiar privileges of his people

Deuterocanonical? (def)

Deuterocanonical books is a term used since the 16th century in the Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity to describe certain books and passages of the Christian Old Testament that are not part of the current Hebrew Bible. The term is used in contrast to the protocanonical books, which are contained in the Hebrew Bible

When reading scripture, what must one pay attention to? (Chicago Statement)

Dictation (verbal inspiration)Writers - heard the words straight from God and wrote it down. ( still have different voices)

What are the differences between the two? What different message does each one tell? (2 versions of creation story)

Different names for God: The first refers to the Creator as "God," or as "Elohim" in Hebrew, while the second refers to the Creator as the "LORD God," or YHWH Elohim, YHWH being God's Hebrew name. Different methodologies for creation: In the first, God creates through speaking. In the second, God takes physical actions (planting a Garden, breathing into Adam's nostrils, etc). Different order to creation: In the first, mankind is presented as the climax of God's creation after He created vegetation and animals. Here, human males and females are created at the same time. In the second, God first creates man, then plants vegetation in the Garden of Eden, then makes animals and finally woman.

How was the new testiment developed? (What are the theories of the development?)

Documentary Hypothesis: Supplementary Hypothesis Fragmentary Hypothesis several biographies of Jesus had been written, four of which are now part of the New Testament. Before any of these biographies were written, Christian communities — what was later known as churches — had been established, and letters instructing the members about the Christian way of life and telling them how to deal with local problems were sent to them. Some of these letters were written by a man named Paul, who, although raised in the strict traditions of the Jewish religion, had converted to Christianity, and who spent the remainder of his life as a missionary, founding new churches and nurturing members in their newly acquired faith.

How does Moses respond to God's call? (Describe his attitude/personality.)

Doubts that he is the right man for the job. - "who am I that I should go?" (3:11) - "The people will not believe that I speak for God" (3:13) - "I have never been eloquent" (4:10) - "Send someone else" (4:13) - "Arron shall speak for Moses" (4:16)

What is the Kerygma speech? (Style and Message)

Earliest message of jesus - Story of Jesus (33-70 CE) To put it simply, the kerygma is the very heart of the gospel, the core message of the Christian faith that all believers are call to proclaim, designed to introduce a person to Christ and to appeal for conversion **proclamation or preaching / simple and too the point ** This proclamation (kerygma) requires a response from us, that we should repent of our sins accept baptism and live in the new life which Christ is offering. This alone will prepare us for the coming judgment that is to come upon all humanity. There is an urgent need to conform ourselves to Christ and be prepared by him for the coming judgment.

How can/does Assyria serve the LORD?

Egypt and Assyria would be accepted into the people of God on equal terms. Isaiah 14:25 features God referring to Egypt as "my people" and Assyria as "the work of my hands." The Lord usually reserves these designations for Israel in the Old Testament (Ps. 138:8; Jer. 11:4). That He can give them to Egypt and Assyria indicates their full conversion and incorporation into His chosen nation. (?? googled) ** Gods way of carrying out his will upon the people - through the Assyrian people**

The persecution of Anabaptists, why? How severe?

Everyone persecuted the anabaptists, no one liked them. The Anabaptists were separatists who rejected infant baptism and believed that the outward, external church should consist only of saved and baptized believers. They would rebaptize those who professed Christ who had previously been baptized as infants. The preposition ana means "again," thus Anabaptists were those who "baptized again

"Literalist" interpretation

Everything in the bible happens - would try to explain how everything in the bible.

Where (spatially, location) does God call Moses?

Exodus 3: 1 "Moses came to Horeb, the mountain of God..."

What is the Deuteronomic Code?

Expansion of Covenant code... references kingship, more organized community, talks about history... and actual dates mentioned.

Define: Passion Narrative? (What is it? How is it composed?)

Explains the suffering of Jesus. The term "passion narrative" is used primarily to refer to the accounts given in the canonical gospels of the suffering and death of Jesus. Generally, scholars treat the passion narratives as beginning with Jesus' agony and arrest in Gethsemane and concluding with his burial.

What is the scroll that Ezekiel must eat? What does it say? How does it taste?

Ezekiel 2: 9 " I looked, and a hand was stretched out to me, and a written scroll was in it... it had writing on the front and back, and written on it were words of lamentation and mourning and woe... Then I ate it and in my mouth it was as sweet as honey." - Scroll for the rebellious house of Israel.

Contemplation to Obtain Love

First, it is well to remark two things: the first is that love ought to be put more in deeds than in words. The second, love consists in interchange between the two parties; that is to say in the lover's giving and communicating to the beloved what he has or out of what he has or can; and so, on the contrary, the beloved to the lover. So that if the one has knowledge, he give to the one who has it not. The same of honors, of riches; and so the one to the other. **part of spiritual exercises**

There seem to be two accounts of the world's creation. What are the differences between the two? What different message does each one tell?

Genesis reveals two distinctly different creation stories: the first spans Genesis 1:1-2:3 and the second continues from Genesis 2:4 to the end of the third chapter. These two accounts of creation include: A cosmocentric account of how God created the heavens and earth out of the void An anthropocentric account of how humanity came to populate the earth Scholars believe the second story is older than the first, perhaps dating to as early as 950 BCE, while the second was probably written by the priestly caste after the Hebrews had returned from Babylonian captivity sometime around 530 BCE.

Babel

Genesis story that refers to the breakdown of communication.

symbolic language for God

God being called father and mother. He is authoritative and has parental tenderness. humans parents are fallible and can disfigure the face of God that he set. no one is father as God is father.

Where did Daniel get his special skill from?

God gave these four young men an unusual aptitude for understanding every aspect of literature and wisdom. And God gave Daniel the special ability to interpret the meanings of visions and dreams.

Why is Daniel different?

He is a faithful Jew that wins all conflict because God is at his side. He believed in his God and only his God which allowed him to have his skills in learning and interpretation as well as survive the lions den. **also chose to ask for the correct food, Gained further compassion from God.

What is Daniels special skill?

He is able to interpret dreams. Verse 19: interpreter of dreams.

who is Deutero-Isaiah?

He is the author of the last books of Isaiah. Unknown person.

Babylonian Exile

In 567 BC, The Babylonians pillaged Judah, destroyed the city and the Temple of Jerusalem, and banished the people in chains to serve as slaves in Babylon. The Exile lasted until 539 BC.

"The Two Standards"

Ignatius spiritual exercises, prince of darkness, attract people through riches and Jesus Christ through poverty and humility.

Ignatius' conversion, what happened in his convalescence?

Ignatius was struck by a cannonball in the legs. One leg was merely broken, but the other was badly mangled. To save his life and possibly his legs, doctors performed several surgeries. There were no anesthetics during this time, so each surgery was painful. Despite their best efforts, Ignatius' condition deteriorated. After suffering for a month, his doctors warned him to prepare for death. **During this time of bodily improvement, Ignatius began to read whatever books he could find. Most of the books he obtained were about the lives of the saints and Christ. These stories had a profound impact on him, and he became more devout. One story in particular influenced him, "De Vita Christi" (The life of Christ). The story offers commentary on the life of Christ and suggested a spiritual exercise that required visualizing oneself in the presence of Christ during the episodes of His life. The book would inspire Ignatius' own spiritual exercises. As he lay bedridden, Ignatius developed a desire to become a working servant of Christ. He especially wanted to convert non-Christians. **

Supplementary Hypothesis. What is it? Why would one come to such a theory? Examples.

In biblical studies, the supplementary hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. This hypothesis serves as a revision to the earlier documentary hypothesis which proposed that independent and complete narratives were later combined by redactors to create the Pentateuch.

Jethro

In the Old Testament or the Hebrew Bible, Jethro or Reuel was Moses' father-in-law, a Kenite shepherd and priest of Midian. In Exodus, Moses' father-in-law is initially referred to as "Reuel" but then as "Jethro".

Syro-Ephraimite War

In the mid-730s BCE, Syria (Aram) and Ephraim (Israel) attempted to pressure Judah into joining its coalition against the expanding Assyrian empire. This war forms the historical backdrop of Isaiah's prophecy to King Ahaz of Judah in Isaiah 7-8 (see also 2 Kings 15-16). The prophet lobbies the Judean king not to join this coalition, assuring him that the Syro-Ephraimite campaign would surely fail and Jerusalem would be protected. However, Ahaz does not heed Isaiah's advice and instead appeals to Assyria for help.

Discernment

Insight; ability to see things clearly. **" These interior movements consist of thoughts, imaginings, emotions, inclinations, desires, feelings, repulsions, and attractions. Spiritual discernment of spirits involves becoming sensitive to these movements, reflecting on them, and understanding where they come from and where they lead us.**

Overall impression of prophet's personality, message and audience for Amos, Isaiah, DeuteroIsaiah, and Ezekiel.

Isaiah: Jeruslem - a morally defiled Jerusalem must be purified by judgement before the city could be saved, Stop correcting "adherence" to the Davidic royal tradition (God as the great king) DeuteroIsaiah: Exiles in Babylon (toward the end of the Babylonian exile.) - should leave Babylon they are Israel's greatest enemy... prophets message is that of deliverance, not threat or judgement. (writes in long lyrical oracles. Amos: Audience is the people of Israel. Message is direct and uncompromising. Israel has turned from God with social injustice and religious arrogance, the whole nation will be punished soon. Ezekiel: audience is the Israelites in exile and the people already in Judah. Message: of judgement in earlier years then transitions into a message of consultation and restoration. people in Judah singled out for the burnt of Gods attack.

Julian of Norwich on the trinity

Kataphatic, keeps trying to describe the experience, had personal revelation. Father, Mother and Brother Julian's message remains one of hope and trust in God, whose compassionate love is always given to us. In this all-gracious God there can be no element of wrath. The wrath — 'all that is contrary to peace and love — is in us and not in God. God's saving work in Jesus of Nazareth and in the gift of God's spirit, is to slake our wrath in the power of his merciful and compassionate love'. Julian did not perceive God as blaming or judging us, but as enfolding us in love. Famously, Julian used women's experience of motherhood to explore how God loves us, referring to Jesus as our Mother.

kataphatic

Keeps trying to define godly experience with words. is a way of talking about or worshiping God that is in positive terms; that is, expressing language about God in terms of what God is. To say God is love, or God is truth, or that God is with us would all be kataphatic statements.

Gnosticism?

Knowlede; interprets Christian faith in terms of secret gnosis which exisits apart from pubic knowledge. true knowledge of religion is only known by elite people.

Israel

Land of Canaan, the Promised Land, the Holy Land for the Israelites.

rule of faith

Literally, the canon faith, the rule of faith was a summary of the main tenets of Christian belief that circulated in the early church, at least by the second century, and to which several Christian writers of the period attest.

Oral tradition

Literature that passes by word of mouth from one generation to the next.

What titles are given to Jesus, and by whom?

Logos: John; means the word. Lord: Christ: Pauline Epistyles, means anointed one. Emmanuel: Matthew, means God is with us.

Passion Narrative examples?

Mark: the suffering of Jesus, how he was tragically rejected, unfairly condemned, viciously beaten, horribly insulted, and cruelly mistreated by multiple groups Matthew: the kingship of Jesus, how the de-facto ruling powers conspired to get rid of someone they saw as a political threat. Luke: the innocence of Jesus, how Pilate said he did not deserve death, and others (Herod Antipas, centurion, repentant thief) also recognized his innocence. John: the exaltation of Jesus, how he remains in charge, driving the all action, completing the will of the Father, and being glorified as he is lifted up.

What is the Center of Mark's Gospel?

Marks gospel starts with the middle to the end of Jesus's life. Abruptly stops. is harsh on his deciples and really depicts the two women as the best deciples. Teachings on discipleship - follower must deny self and take up cross and follow - follower must be the last and servant of all. - to be great, follower must be a servant. the first of all must be a servant of all. - Jesus's service is a model for all disciples.

Catalyst and inspiration for the Reformation

Martin Luther. His "Disputation of Martin Luther and the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences" became the principle catalyst for the coming Protestant Reformation. This became known as the Ninety-Five Theses and was enclosed in a letter protesting indulgences that Luther wrote to Archbishop Albrecht in October of 1517.

what is Atonement?

Means literally at-one-moment. In Christian terms it is the process by which God reconciles the world to Himself by removing the barrier of sin **making up for what is wrong and bringing god and man back together; "at one"**

What is meant by the story of Babel?

Meant to explain the origin of different languages. Genesis 11: 9 "Therefore it was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth"

What is the Kerygmatic speech? (Style and Message)

More lengthy sermons ( by Peter and Paul ) I. Effect-there is some event, usually a healing which in effect generates the audience. This is a critical element that we will return to later. II. Explanation-there is an explanation for the events presented that is rooted in Jesus Christ and setting forth how he fulfills prophecy, is the longed-for Messiah. The Paschal mystery, that Christ was killed through our sinfulness, but rose gloriously triumphant, is at the heart of this explanation. And this Paschal mystery is the power through which all healing takes place. This same Jesus, now exulted at the Father's right hand is Judge and Lord of the world. III. Exhortation - there is an appeal to repentance and the call to receive Jesus Christ in faith.

Moriah

Moriah is the name given to a mountain range by the Book of Genesis, in which context it is the location of the sacrifice of Isaac.

Aaron

Moses' brother

Zipporah

Moses' wife

Who is Nebuchanezzar?

Nebuchadnezzar is best known to students of the Bible for his defeat of the southern kingdom of Judah (the northern kingdom of Israel was by then long gone, having been conquered and deported over a century earlier by the Assyrians - see Ancient Empires - Assyria). By 586 B.C., the Babylonian forces conquered the land, devastated Jerusalem, looted and burned the original Temple that had been built by Solomon (see Temples and Temple Mount Treasures), and took the people away into what became known as the "Babylonian Exile." (2 Kings 25:1-17). As powerful as Nebuchadnezzar was, he did not conquer the people of Judah of himself. God didn't just allow it to happen, He actually brought it about. (2 Chronicles 36:15-20). The people had become extremely corrupt and idolatrous. They ignored all of the Prophets that God had sent to warn them (2 Chronicles 36:15-16), and they refused to repent. They trusted in themselves, in the city of Jerusalem, even in the physical Temple, rather than in The Lord Himself. So, God, through Nebuchadnezzar, destroyed it all in order to make them realize, in no uncertain terms, that they had turned their backs on Him (see Why Babylon?). Among the Jews who were deported from Judah to Babylon was a certain young man known as Daniel. ** had apocalyptic nature**

Avignon

Popes of this place were French, and abused their power in such a way that they had great financial success, but lost political power. Because they were solely French, they had less influence outside of France. Germany and Italy openly defied this papacy. The Popes turned inwards, and managed to secure all the legal and financial success of the church for the Pope himself. They made money from sales of indulgences and church offices.

Why predestination? benefits/dangers

Predestination : Calvinism and Augustine Semi-Pelagianism : Arminianism (pelagious) do poeple need to do anything if god already has a plan? what is the need for moral effort? Grace is help not necessity?

What is the Book of Proverbs?

Principle writer is King Solomon. - reflects the world view of the intellectual elite. - The book of Proverbs was written to help people remember God and the right way to live. - goal is to teach the acquisition of wisdom, ethical virtue and good practical judgement and the avoidance of ignorance, arrogance, stupidity. 1-9: lengthy "wisdom poem" celebrate the ten commandments and wisdom literature. "fear of the lord" and divine revelation 10-30: mini moral lessons. wise sayings

Fragmentary Hypothesis. What is it? Why would one come to such a theory? Examples.

Proposes that the Torah - the first 5 books of the bible - were derived from different and independent stories which were combined to form the bible.

Define: Ptolomies?

Ptolemies ruled an empire that extended beyond Egypt to Israel and Jerusalem, Cyrenaica, Cyprus and as far north as western Asia Minor. Alexandria became one of the greatest ancient centers of knowledge and trade. A great library was founded there. Many Jews also lived in the city and adopted Greek ways and language. The Septuagint, the Old Testament translation into Greek, was made by Jewish scholars in Alexandria.

Augustinians

Religious order of which Martin Luther was a member Try to make a path toward God through service to others, follow saint Augustine..

Biblical and Moral Roots of the Social Tradition

Social ethics - has biblical , moral and ecclesiastical roots that can be found in old and new testaments. In genesis: imageg of god, stewardship, everyone is created in the image of God.

Finding God in all things

Society of Jesus in 1540, instructing the early Jesuits — to go out and "find God in all things." That is the signature spirituality of the Jesuits. Ignatian spirituality is grounded in the conviction that God is active in our world. The spiritual path laid out by Ignatius is a way of discerning God's presence in our everyday lives. And doing something about it. The Jesuits have a handbook for this search. It is The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius Loyola, composed by the saint before he was even a priest. Often described as Ignatius's greatest gift to the world, these exercises unfold a dynamic process of prayer, meditation, and self-awareness. The basic thrust is to make us more attentive to God's activity in our world, more responsive to what God is calling us to do.

[Amos] Is the day of the LORD something to be hoped for or something to be dreaded? Why?

Something to dread for - because the people have turned away from the lord, because of their social injustice and religious arrogance, the lord will punish them by means of total military disaster.

Who's Lamech?

Son of Cain, Lamech was a patriarch in the genealogies of Adam in the Book of Genesis. **a way to talk about what is going on in the world, talks about the violence in the world - his significance**

Who is Jesus?

Son of God, the Redeemer, Conceived from the Virgin Mary

Jacob

Son of Isaac and Rebekah

What is the organization of the new testiment (cannon)?

Synchronically in division of books: ignoring historical antecedents. Gospels - synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke Acts Letters - Pauline and non Pauline Revelation

Diocletian ( 284-(303) - 305)

The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman empire. In 303, the Emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius issued a series of edicts rescinding the legal rights of Christians and demanding that they comply with traditional Roman religious practices

Historiography of Ignatius Loyola, his bad rap

The counter reformation, its to simplistic, revoked Luther movements. Vilified as the black pope, superior general, Jesuits ad infiltrating the catholic church.

Dictation theory?

The dictation theory states that God "dictated" His Word to the writers of Scripture, who were nothing more than human stenographers for the Holy Spirit. The dictation theory says that the Spirit wrote through the agency of human writers who were fully under God's control. With the authors in a state of relative passivity, God dictated every word written with pinpoint accuracy. In this way, human personality and human error could not interfere with God's intended message. The human writers did not personally contribute anything to the content of Scripture since they were passive instruments of God's will.

Documentary Hypothesis. What is it? Why would one come to such a theory?

The documentary hypothesis suggests that the first five books of the Old Testament were originally independent accounts that were later edited or redacted by a later editor or editors. Those who support the documentary hypothesis theory generally suggest four specific sources represented by the letters JEDP. Because of this, the documentary hypothesis is often also referred to as the JEDP theory. The J source refers to an alleged Yahwist source that was written in the kingdom of Judah by approximately 950 BC. The E source refers to an alleged Elohist source that was written in the kingdom of Israel (northern kingdom) by approximately 850 BC. The D source refers to an alleged Deuteronomist source that was written in Jerusalem by approximately 600 BC. The P source refers to an alleged Priestly source that was completed in Babylon by Jewish priests in approximately 500 BC. **different names for God are often used within the same context. For example, Genesis chapter 1 uses the name Elohim while Genesis chapter 2 uses the name YHWH.**

Define: Natural Revelation?

The revelation of God in nature. EX: since the universe is balanced we can conclude God is wise. The process by which God makes himself known to human reason through the created world.

Social Teaching

The teaching (social doctrine) of the Church on the truth of revelation about human dignity, human solidarity, and the principles of justice and peace; the moral judgments about economic and social matters required by such truth and about the demands of justice and peace (2419-2422).

Persecution of 167-164 B.C.E Antiochus IV

The temple was renamed for Zeus Olympus. Circumcision and keeping of Sabbath was prohibited Torah was burned High places and alters built on which pig was sacrificed Jews forced to celebrate the kings birthday Jews forced to take part of wine festival.

Define: Apocalyptic Literature?

The word apocalyptic stems from the Greek "apokalupsis" meaning revelation. In the old testament apocalyptic literature was used to encourage Jewish resistance against the increasingly popular paganism. It depicted foreseen images of national destruction and the inevitably of divine intervention, in the hopes that people would have a "revelation" and turn back to God. The writings produced in Daniel's book of the old testament were written between the persecution of the Jews by King Antiochus Epiphanes in 167 B.C and the eradication of the Jewish people by the Roman emperor Hadrian in 135 A.D.

Historiography of Anabaptism, its bad rap

They advocated great social change and a different interpretation of the Bible.

Difference between Hebrew and Greek Old Testament?

Though the content is the same, the Tanakh is ordered differently. The Tanakh is ordered by types of writing. The Torah (the Law), followed by the Prophets (starting with Joshua), and The Writings. The Septuagint goes Pentateuch, history, wisdom and then the prophets. **Hebrew - Torah is at the center it is "The Law". Called the law because it Is a direct translation of Torah" **

Hannah

To feed the people in the desert God sent __ from heaven who leaes Samuel in the care of the priest Eli at the shrine of Shiloh **Barren mother, cried in the temple so much that Eli the priest thought she was drunk. Had her only son Samuel who was raised in the temple.**

ark of God

Variously referred to as the ark of God, of YHWH, and of Testimony, this box-like object functions as a receptacle for the stone tablets of the covenant (Deut. 10:1-5). However, in other contexts the ark serves as a powerful symbol of God's presence. It is also closely associated with the cherubim throne as a footstool of the Deity. The capture of the ark by the Philistines in 1 Samuel 4-6 likely mirrors the common ancient Near Eastern practice of carrying off an enemy's gods in the context of war.

The way of talking about the divine origin of the bible.

What Is inspiration?

That certain people were chosen by god for salvation

What is the idea of predestination? And which reformer promoted it?

Folk-story

a characteristically anonymous, timeless, and placeless tale circulated orally among a people ** not all stories in the bible are told to be seen as fact or history - need to choose between the truth and story**

Define: Proverb?

a short, popular saying that communication a familiar truth or observation in an expressive and easily remembered form.

Predestination in Christian theology

according to John Calvin, predestination is God's unchangeable decree from before the creation of the world that he would freely save some people (the elect), foreordaining them to eternal life, while the others (the reprobate) would be "barred from access to" salvation and sentenced to "eternal death **widely frowned upon** Faith is Gods gift, faith is given by God "from Gods love, mercy, favor NOT from human work or merit. **

Describe "Nebs" dreams

certain times, God has used dreams to communicate with people. One of those people was King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. Daniel 2 tells how Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's dream, in which God provided an overview of world events in the millennia yet to come ** Daniel's Response: The Interpretation Daniel's interpretation, given to him by God, explains that the statue represents a series of kingdoms, each less glorious than the one before, as indicated by the decreasing value of the metals. Daniel identifies Nebuchadnezzar as the head of gold, stating that God had given Nebuchadnezzar much power (Daniel 2:37-38). The next kingdom to arise will be inferior to Babylon, as will the next. "Finally, there will come a fourth kingdom, strong as iron. . . . It will crush and break all the others" (Daniel 2:40). Finally, the feet of mixed clay and iron "will be a divided kingdom" (Daniel 2:41). During the time of this final world empire, the "rock" will smash them all to bits, a prediction that "God . . . will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed" (Daniel 2:44). All previous earthly kingdoms will be brought to an end.**

What are temptations?

demons, lust, material item.

Ammon

east of Jordan - When Moses and Israel came out of the wilderness into this territory, they promptly took from the Amorites the territory which the Amorites had taken from Moab (Num.21:21-31). This was the first territory the nation of Israel possessed as its own.

Double Predestination

election and Reprobation

Jeroboam II

king of Israel - Jeroboam consistently fought against Judah as long as he lived. He had continued the practice of the Golden Calf Cult up until the time of his demise. The Golden Calf Cult is the one thing that started the people of Israel and Judah to worship false gods and demons. The worship of the false gods in Israel and Judah lasted for a very long time, and it was almost impossible to get the people to stop completely worshipping in this manner.

Indifference

our dependance needs to rely on God. Do we believe that God cares for us, in some way, in even the most dire situations? If so, then it doesn't matter what might befall us. A great example comes from when you need to make a choice about your next move in life and you narrow things down to two choices. Being indifferent means that whether you choose one or the other, you trust that God will go with you, leading you into the unfamiliar and new.

Philistine

the canon of Eastern Christianity, the LXX, uses the term "allophuloi" instead of "philistines", which means simply "other nations". After Isaac's involvement with the Philistines (Genesis 26:18), they are next mentioned in passing in the book of Exodus shortly after the Israelites crossed the Red Sea: "When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them on the road through the Philistine country, though that was shorter. For God said, 'If they face war, they might change their minds and return to Egypt'" (Exodus 13:17).