FINAL phys. dis.
_____ is difficulty with swallowing or the inability to swallow.
dysphagia
Occlusion is used with the client with paralytic strabismus to __.
eliminate the double image
All of the following are examples of secondary preventive measures except:
ergonomic assessment and modification.
The _____ phase of the swallow starts when the bolus enters the esophagus through the cricopharyngeal juncture, or UES.
esophageal
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) are defined as ____________.
mild, isolated, or repetitive neurological symptoms that develop suddenly, last from a few minutes to several hours but not longer than 24 hours, and clear completely.
Difficulty of graded discrimination is increased by __.
occluding vision
Assessing a client's __ allows OT practitioners to evaluate and then address functional deficits.
occupational performance
The ____ phase of swallowing begins when the tongue moves the bolus toward the back of the mouth.
oral
Jane will arrive at work on time." This is an example of which type of objective?
outcome
When the joint is moved solely by an outside force, it is called __.
passive ROM
When joint motion is limited by the length of a muscle that crosses two joints, it is called __.
passive insufficiency
Custom pressure garments __.
should be initiated as quickly as possible in the rehabilitation phase
When working with a client who has an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor, certain positions and activities that cause increase in ICP should be limited. Which of the following are examples of activities and/or positions to be avoided?
sometric exercises and neck flexion
During a stand pivot transfer, the occupational therapist should __?
stand on the client's involved (weak) side
When the swallow response is triggered, the velum elevates and retracts, closing the _____ port to prevent regurgitation of material into the nasal cavity.
velopharyngeal
A _____ (VFSS) is a radiographic procedure using a modified barium swallow; it is recorded on videotape.
videofluoroscopy
During a predriving assessment, testing of __ is typically completed first because this is the primary component that an individual uses to gather information required for driving-related decision making?
vision
The antideformity position for the wrist and hand is __.
wrist extension, thumb abduction and extension, MP flexion, IP extension
A traditional body-powered above-elbow prosthesis would require how many control cables?
Two
Which group did the Centers for Disease Control identify as engaging in the least amount of physical activity?
Women in all cultures
A nosocomial infection is __.
acquired in the hospital
Standard precautions for infection control recommend the use of protective clothing (e.g., gowns, gloves, masks) __.
c. when splashing of body substances is likely
More than __% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis will develop characteristic joint deformities.
c. 33
The establishment of goals should be______.
determined by the client and therapist collaboratively
The effects of a client's culture on his performance of an activity fall within which Framework section?
. Contexts
In the 180-degree system of joint measurement, what is the starting position for joint motion?
0 degree
What is the average normal joint ROM (using the 180-degree method) for shoulder flexion?
0 to 170 degrees
What is the average normal joint ROM (using the 180-degree method) for thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion?
0 to 50 degrees
If a muscle contraction can be seen or felt but no motion is observed, the grade is __.
1
A client practicing stacking small blocks would be in what phase of prosthetic training?
. Use
When operating a body-powered voluntary opening upper extremity prosthesis, humeral flexion and scapular abduction will __.
. flex the elbow
What does sensory reeducation require?
10- to 15-minute sessions
A burn scar typically matures in __.
12 to 18 months
It is recommended that wheelchair footplates clear the floor by a minimum distance of __?
2 inches
Rheumatoid arthritis can result in significant psychological stressors because of pain, changed body image, and uncertainty about the course of the disease. Major depression can result in approximately what percentage of the cases?
20%
Clients are candidates for discriminative sensory training if they have protective sensation intact, with recognition of at least __.
4.31 on the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test
To reduce the risk of cross-contamination, the occupational therapist should wash his or her hands before and after treating each client for at least....
40 to 60 seconds
Which of the following describes a technique involving behavioral techniques to encourage small, successive gains that build toward a desired outcome?
Shaping
Tensile strength of a burn scar never recovers more than what percentage of original unburned skin?
80%
Normal static two-point discrimination is __.
<6 mm
Which statement best fits with the form of occupational therapy service that is known as health promotion?
A disabling condition is not assumed, but instead occupational therapy services are provided to enhance and enrich occupational performance.
The Framework refers to activities that are oriented toward taking care of one's own body as which of the following?
ADLs
Work is a component of which Framework section?
Areas of occupation
During a swallowing evaluation the tongue is noted to be retracted. What would typically be the reason for tongue retraction?
Abnormal tone or loss of range of motion as a result of soft tissue shortening
Which is not a function of the skin?
Absorb ultraviolet rays
A client completing a lower body dressing task is observed donning shoes prior to donning socks, placing shoes on the wrong feet, and forgetting to tie shoes. The client is likely in what phase of learning?
Acquisition or learning phase
Correct measurement of a client for determining appropriate wheelchair seat width involves measuring which of the following?
Across the hips or thighs (whichever is widest) and adding 1 to 2 inches
The most commonly used methods to teach clients who have perceptual problems, poor memory, and difficulty following directions include all but which of the following?
Activity performance along with the therapist
The practice setting places expectations and restrictions on the provision of occupational therapy services. The anticipated length of services varies from setting to setting; clients may receive only a few days of service or may receive ongoing consultative occupational therapy services for months. In which setting does the client typically receive intensive daily occupational therapy services for a few weeks?
Acute rehabilitation hospital
Which of the following is necessary for an individual with perceptual dysfunction to benefit from occupational therapy assessment and intervention?
Adequate self-awareness to recognize the deficit exists
Which statement is not true?
Afferents with larger diameters transmit information more slowly
When working with a client who has a hyperalimentation device for nutritional support, the occupational therapist should ensure that catheter connections are secure before and after intervention. What potentially life-threatening condition can result from a disrupted connection?
Air embolus
Which of the following statements is notcorrect?
All documentation must be computerized.
Which is not a function of a prosthetic sock?
Allow direct contact between socket and skin
Which term is not a section of a SOAP note?
Analysis
A client at risk for foot drop deformity may benefit from the use of which orthotic?
Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO)
In what manner should an occupational therapist (OT) assess and track spasticity when treating a client to obtain the most objective results possible?
Assess spasticity at the same time of day, with the client in the same position, on the same surface to obtain consistent measurements.
During the MMT, when should resistance be applied?
At end of motion
The occupational therapist assistant should observe several precautions when providing intervention to a client who is catheterized. Which of the following precautions are appropriate?
Avoid crimping or stretching the catheter drainage tube, and place the urine catheter bag below the level of the bladder.
Why do persons with hemianopsia often experience difficulty reading?
Because the perceptual span they use in reading has been reduced on one side by the hemianopsia
Why might changes in visual processing cause a corollary change in cognitive performance?
Because the visual system is the primary system we use to acquire information about our environment and guides our decision making process
Adults with physical disabilities may give up leisure activities for which of the following reasons?
Because they are not aware of ways to adapt valued activities so that they may participate in them again
Which of the following devices are considered primary controls on a vehicle?
Braking and steering controls
Which of the following would be considered client factors as defined in the OTPF-3?
Cardiac function during exercise
Which assumptions guide health promotion OT service?
Client-centered care, empowerment, enablement
The use of a wrist-driven flexor hinge splint may benefit a client with muscle function from spinal cord levels __
C6
Which is not part of a myoelectric prosthesis control system?
Cable
Which of the following is an example of an instrumental ADL (IADL)?
Care of others
Which of the following conditions could create cloudy vision in one eye after a traumatic brain injury?
Cataract
Stabilizing an extremity to reduce incoordination and enable a client to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is a common practice for clients with which of the following conditions?
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders
Occupational therapy services provided within the client's home require careful consideration of the environment. What issues would typically be addressed within this setting?
Changing the furniture arrangement to eliminate potential falls b. Safety in meal preparation c. Simplification of household cleaning tasks d. All of the above.
Hormone therapy is an example of this type of cancer therapy?
Chemotherapy
Which of the following is not a purpose of joint ROM measurements?
Determine how many pounds a client may lift
__ is a treatment technique involving the forced use of a hemiparetic extremity post-neurological injury.
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)
Sensory reeducation includes all but which of the following?
Contralateral upper extremity constraint
All but which of the following could directly or indirectly result from a head injury?
Diabetic retinopathy
Secondary injury may occur after the initial head trauma related to a traumatic brain injury and is often preventable. Which of the following describes a medical intervention to prevent secondary injury?
Craniectomy to prevent elevated intracranial pressure
Your client, who sustained an RCVA with resultant left hemiplegia, wants to regain the motor control to use the left hand to hold a glass while the uninvolved right-hand pours from a pitcher. Which PNF pattern would be the closest approximation to this desired movement for the left upper extremity?
D1 flexion
Your next client has sustained a right cerebral vascular accident (RCVA) with resultant left-sided hemiplegia and limited isolated control of the left upper extremity. Which SPECIFIC PNF diagonal pattern would you use to help your client regain the ability to comb her hair on the right side of her head using her left hand?
D1 flexion
Heat is a physical agent modality that is often used for patients with arthritis. Which of the following is not a benefit of applying heat to an arthritic patient?
Decreased inflammation
The patient has a C6 quadriplegia. We can anticipate that he or she has innervation of which of the following?
Deltoids, latissimus, biceps, radial wrist extensors
Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands are located in which layer of skin?
Dermis
Which component is not common to all upper extremity body-powered prostheses for wrist disarticulation and higher levels?
Elbow unit
Which of the following is not a criterion used to measure strength in MMT?
Endurance of muscle
A 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis reports having some difficulty managing in her kitchen during meal preparation and cleanup. The client lives alone, is fiercely protective of her independence, and works 3 days a week at the local library's reading program for children. The OT practitioner arranges a home visit and decides the best sequencing of assessments to determine the problems would be which of the following?
Functional motion; occupation-based functional motion; manual muscle testing
A client who is able to perform most basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living independently but who experiences low endurance and fatigue somewhat easily during upper extremity tasks will most likely have which of the following?
Fair plus muscle strength
Which of the following techniques, using the Rood approach, is not an inhibitory technique?
Fast rocking/vestibular stimulation
_____refers to the process of setting up, arranging, and bringing food (fluids) from the plate or cup to the mouth.
Feeding
_____(FEES) is a technique used to assess the motor and sensory aspect of swallowing; tools for this technique include a flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope, a portable light source, a video camera, a video recorder, and a television monitor
Fiberoptic endoscopy
Which statement below is not true?
Following cerebrovascular accident and with other neurological disorders, proprioception is usually intact.
Which ambulation aid would be recommended for a client who has a moderately unsteady gait as well as pain and weakness in the hands and wrists caused by arthritis?
Front-wheeled walker with forearm platforms
When ROM is being measured, which is not a purpose of the therapist being in the proper position?
Giving the patient more time to move
Which statement below is incorrect?
Goals are written to reflect what the therapist will do.
Signs of sympathetic nervous system responses include all but one of these signs. Which one is it?
Goose bumps
Which statement below is not true?
HIPAA does NOT provide federal protection of PHI.
Which is not true about hypertrophic scarring?
Has a marked decrease in production of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and collagen
In osteoarthritis nodes or bony enlargements are commonly seen at the distal interphalangeal joints. What are these nodes called?
Heberden's nodes
Which of the following is not a contraindication for use of PNF techniques or procedures?
Hold-relax techniques for persons with RSD/CRPS
A clinical symptom of rheumatoid arthritis in the acute stage includes which of the following?
Hot and red joints
The subcategories of care of pets, home management, and shopping are included in which area of occupation?
IADLs
Levels of difficulty in graded discriminative sensory reeducation are represented by all but which choice?
Identifying whether the objects are hot or cold
An occupational therapist is working with a patient with low vision in her home. Which environmental modification would be contraindicated?
Improve lighting by opening blinds and curtains.
What is the primary concern for an occupational therapist working as part of the rehabilitation team for clients after lower extremity fractures or joint replacement?
Improving performance in daily activities and meaningful occupations
What is an escharotomy?
Incision through necrotic burned tissue
Which of the following is not a benefit of leisure occupations for adults with physical disabilities?
Increased ability to chew and swallow without aspirating
The synovial tissue that lines the joint becomes inflamed in rheumatoid arthritis. This is referred to as synovitis and results in all but which of the following?
Increased joint lubrication
Which of the following is not included as subjective part of a SOAP note?
Information reported by the doctor
While preparing to evaluate a client who underwent an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to address a femoral fracture in the dominant right lower extremity (RLE), you notice the physician has specified a partial weight-bearing (PWB) restriction. How will you educate the client to respect this restriction to prevent injury?
Instruct the client to only place 50% or less of their body weight through the affected leg when standing or ambulating with the use of a mobility aid.
The Framework refers to activities that are oriented toward interacting with the environment and are generally optional (may be delegated to another) as which of the following?
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
Videofluoroscopy is an example of what type of swallowing assessment?
Instrumental assessment
Which is the most common form of stroke?
Ischemic
Which of the following is true about MMT?
It can help determine the level of spinal cord injury.
Which is true about a superficial partial thickness burn?
It corresponds to a traditionally classified second-degree burn.
Which is true about normal joint ROM?
It may not be the same from individual to individual.
Which of the following is not a contraindication for MMT?
Joint hypermobility
The occupational therapist can help achieve the desired flexor tightness necessary for tenodesis grasp by doing which of the following?
Ranging finger flexion with the wrist extended and finger extension with the wrist flexed
Colonel Pickle sustained a right posterior cerebral artery lesion. After the stroke the Colonel experienced difficulty reading and would often lose his place in the text or find that the sentence he was reading did not make sense. He also experienced a change in depth perception wherein an object, usually the arm of a chair or a table edge on the left, would suddenly appear in front of him. The Colonel scheduled an evaluation with his ophthalmologist. Which of the following diagnoses did the ophthalmologist most likely make?
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Mattias is concerned about his frequent drooling and difficulties controlling the food bolus within his mouth. His daughter's wedding is in 4 weeks, and he does not want to embarrass himself or his family by drooling or choking on food or liquids. Which strategies would be most appropriate?
Mattias should frequently pat his mouth during the meal and alternate between cold and hot foods.
The occupational therapist is working with a client who has pain and weakness in her hands as a result of moderate to severe arthritis. To increase functional independence, the client may use which of the following?
Lever-type doorknob extensions
Which is not an advantage of a myoelectric prosthesis?
Lighter weight
An upper extremity amputation through the distal third of the forearm would be considered what level of amputation?
Long transradial
Apraxia is a deficit related to the ability to plan and perform purposeful movement. Which of the following statements false regarding apraxia?
May be attributable to muscle weakness, loss of coordination, or sensory loss
A common hand deformity in rheumatoid arthritis includes which of the following?
MP ulnar deviation and wrist radial deviation
Which term below is not an example of skilled terminology?
Maintain
A wet or gurgly vocal quality after an individual swallows is indicative of what?
Material collecting in the larynx
Superficial fine touch receptors include which of the following?
Meissner's corpuscles
Which of the following is a word for the process of cancer cells being carried to new sites in the body via the blood stream to develop new tumors?
Metastases
Which of these is not a sensory threshold test?
Moving two-point discrimination
What are the necessary components of motor control an occupational therapist (OT) must consider when assessing a client following a neurological injury?
Muscle tone, postural tone and mechanisms, selective movements, and coordination
Which of the following statements is true about a muscle with a number grade of 3+?
Part can move against gravity.
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
Normal
A 10-year-old client is making her bed. She needs two sheets and a pillowcase to do this task. She prefers flannel sheets. This would be considered under which section of activity demands?
Objects and their properties
An advantage of the occupation-based functional motion assessment is that the OT practitioner as the opportunity to do which of the following?
Observe complex motor patterns required to fully engage in occupations.
The advantage of an occupation-based assessment over a functional motion assessment is that the occupation-based assessment affords the therapist the opportunity to do which of the following?
Observe the effect of added resistance unto body structures.
Models of practice and frames of reference guide occupational therapy intervention. Which statement best fits the model of human occupation?
Occupation is understood to be the interaction between personal volition, habituation, and performance capacity.
"The promotion of social and economic change to increase individual, community, and political awareness, resources, and equitable occupational opportunities for diverse occupational opportunities which enable people to meet their potential and experience well-being." The preceding statement describes which approach to health?
Occupational justice
All but which of the following extraarticular features can occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Olfactory
Mattias is a 65-year-old man who experienced a right cerebrovascular accident resulting in left hemiplegia and dysphagia. During the occupational therapy assessment, Mattias had difficulties with chewing and swallowing of textured foods. He had frequent episodes of coughing and pocketing of food in the left cheek. He complains that he chokes on certain foods, including water. During the assessment Mattias's vocal quality was consistently clear, and no raspiness or gurgly quality was noted before, during, or after eating. These clinical signs indicate problems with which stages of the swallow?
Oral preparatory and oral stages
The hypoglossal nerve (XII) is active during what stages of the swallow?
Oral preparatory and oral stages
Which of the following is the 5th and final step of the SOTP (Systemic Occupational Therapy Practice) Model?
Outcome Assessment
What term is used for feeling the bony landmarks and soft tissues around the joint to be measured?
Palpation
When ROM of wrist extension is being measured, where is the movable bar of the goniometer placed?
Parallel to the metacarpal of the index finger
The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is based on all but which of the following assumptions?
People's health patterns are stable, consistent, and unable to be altered.
Roles and routines are under which Framework section?
Performance patterns
Which of the following is not considered a screening test for muscle strength?
Performing a manual muscle test (MMT)
What is the leading cause of lower extremity amputation?
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
The acronym PLISSIT, a progressive guide to help therapists address issues of sexuality with clients. PLISSIT stands for which of the following?
Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, Intensive Therapy
When ROM of forearm supination is being measured, where is the stationary bar of the goniometer placed?
Perpendicular to the floor
During which phase of the swallow involves closure of the glottic and supraglottic structures to cover the airway and provide protection from aspiration?
Pharyngeal
What is the cause of aspiration that occurs after the swallow has taken place?
Pooled material in the pyriform sinuses overflows into the trachea
Which of the following statements is true regarding the impact of disability on self-image and self-esteem?
Populations of individuals with disabilities have been found to have higher scores for self-image than norm groups.
Which of the following is the correct order of steps for MMT of muscles grades 3 and higher?
Position, stabilize, palpate, observe, resist
What type of wheelchair should be recommended to maximize independence in mobility in the individual who has good cognitive and perceptual skills but very poor endurance and significant physical impairment of the upper and lower extremities?
Power wheelchair
You are working with a 34-year-old woman who tells you that she is planning to quit smoking and has discussed her plans with her doctor and family. She said that she plans to quit at some point during the coming month. According to the transtheoretical model of health promotion, her statement is most consistent with which of the following stages?
Preparation stage
Occupational therapy services can be delivered in many forms. Which type of service is focused on developing performance skills and patterns that support continued occupational performance and provides intervention that anticipates potential hazards or challenges to occupational performance?
Prevention of disability
Revascularization, reepithelialization, and contraction of a burn wound occur in which phase of wound healing?
Proliferation
All but which of the following are joint protection principles?
Pull objects instead of pushing them.
An individual who has moderate to severe oral stage dysphagia and who has a reduced ability to protect the airway would benefit from beginning oral feedings with which food consistency?
Puréed (Level 1)
Only one of the following is true. Which one is it?
Radiological findings can be utilized in establishing a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
An occupational therapist is working with a client who has an impaired right upper extremity resulting from a lower motor neuron dysfunction. What is a common problem that the therapist will have to address?
Reduction of work speed and dexterity
To make her bed, the 10-year-old client will need to unfold the pillowcase and push the pillow all the way into the case so that the corners of the pillow and case match. This would be considered under which section of activity demands?
Required actions
For the 10-year-old client to make her bed, she will need enough hand strength to pull the corner of the bottom sheet to fit. This would be considered under which section of activity demands?
Required body functions
Safety measures to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing client records include which of the following?
Requiring personal identification and user verification codes for access to records
Which of the following statements accurately describes techniques directed to the agonist?
Rhythmic initiation involves voluntary relaxation, passive movement, and repeated isotonic contractions of the agonistic pattern.
Which statement about relaxation techniques is inaccurate?
Rhythmic rotation is ineffective in decreasing spasticity and increasing range of motion.
Which of the following describes the progression of blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, systemic circulation
Major Peanut is lost in space. After his stroke, he is unable to find his way from his hospital room to the nurse's station, the visitor area, or the therapy clinic even though each destination is straight down the hall from his room. He frequently winds up in another client's room and requires assistance to return to his room. On the basis of this behavior, which area of the cortex was most likely affected by his brain injury?
Right posterior parietal lobe
Loss of UE control is common after a stroke. The ability to integrate the affected arm into a chosen tasks my be limited by which of the following?
a. Pain b. Weakness c. Contracture and deformity d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which of the following cannot be assessed using the occupation-based functional motion assessment?
Sensation
Which ambulation aid is the most appropriate for a client who has minor balance problems?
Single-point cane
You are working with a client who has had a recent RCVA with left hemiparesis. The client has difficulty maintaining trunk control while standing and has difficulty holding objects. Using Rood's approach to motor control, you decide to work with the client in a standing table while the client completes a jigsaw puzzle. This activity would involve which of Rood's components of motor control?
Skill
The leg rests of a client's wheelchair are adjusted too short. This increases the client's risk for which of the following?
Skin breakdown of the ischial tuberosity
Risk factors for heart disease are often divided into three categories. Which of the following refer to risk factors "that can be changed" and may benefit from occupational therapy services to address lifestyle adjustments?
Smoking and inactive lifestyle
All the members of the 10-year-old client's family are expected to make their own beds after age 5. This would be considered under which section of activity demands?
Social demands
MMT would never be appropriate for a client with which of the following conditions?
Spastic cerebral palsy
Data recorded in the objective section of the note could include which of the following?
Specific degrees of measurement of range of motion (ROM)
When ROM of cervical lateral flexion is being measured, the goniometer axis is placed over what area?
Spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra
Which is not true about splinting in the treatment of burns?
Splints can reverse scar contractures of mature scars.
Which of the following statements accurately describes PNF reversal of antagonist's techniques?
Stabilizing reversals are isotonic contractions of the antagonists followed by an isotonic contraction of the agonist.
Which of the following statements best describes the procedure of maximal resistance?
Strength is increased by movement against resistance that requires maximal effort by the client.
Captain Hatrack woke up one morning feeling funny and not seeing too well. He went to the ophthalmologist, Dr. Eye, who told him that he experienced a small stroke and has developed a left hemianopsia. Dr. Eye told the Captain that he had to stop driving immediately. The Captain is very upset because he feels as if he is seeing everything in his field and that all he needs is a better pair of glasses; he thinks the doctor is a quack and he can drive just fine. Which one of the following provides the best explanation for why the Captain does not realize he has a field deficit?
The Captain is exercising perceptual completion.
Which of the following is not an expected outcome of an occupation-based functional motion assessment?
The OT practitioner conducting interviews with the client to determine the problems encountered during performance of functional activities
While observing the client at work in her kitchen retrieving items to make a sandwich, cutting bread, reaching for dishes, loading the dishwasher, and opening and closing drawers, the therapist noticed that the client often grimaced when applying pressure to knives, lifting dishes, and opening the refrigerator. The therapist also observed that the client sometimes appeared confused, left out ingredients, and put dirty dishes in the cabinet instead of the clean ones she had set aside. When the client noticed some of her mistakes, she said, "Oh well, I live alone; who cares if the dish is a little dirty?" The occupation-based functional motion assessment allowed the practitioner to assess which of the following?
Task importance, cognitive deficits, pain, perceptual deficits
IADL skills needed for client safety and independence alone at home include all but which of the following?
The ability to ambulate independently
After a clinical assessment of the client, a predriving assessment is completed. Essential predriving skills that are evaluated include which of the following?
The ability to handle keys, manage doors, mobility devices, and adjust seat belt
Which of the following capabilities does a client with a left hemianopsia possess that a client with neglect does not?
The ability to utilize attention to compensate for the visual field deficit
Occupational therapy practitioners are identified as occupational therapists or occupational therapist assistants and have specialized training and deliver skilled occupational therapy services. Occupational therapy aides are also used in some settings. Which statement best represents the services that can be provided by these individuals?
The aide can perform delegated tasks such as setting up equipment or transporting clients but cannot provide skilled occupational therapy service.
Which of the following is an advantage of the occupation-based functional motion assessment?
The client will perform these tasks in contexts that are meaningful.
Which of the following client factors would be considered a body structure issue?
The client's right thumb was cut off in an industrial accident.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently have joint replacements or arthroplasties because of the extensive joint damage. All but which of the following joints are common sites for an arthroplasty?
The distal interphalangeal joints
Which of the following is most important for the practitioner to keep in mind during the clinical observation when administering the occupation-based motion assessment?
The fact that people perform the same activity in a variety of ways depending on habits and learned experiences
Which is true about upper and lower extremity amputations?
The higher the level of amputation, the less residual limb length.
Which statement best reflects the difference between the occupational profile and the analysis of occupational performance?
The occupational profile guides the analysis of occupational performance.
Which statement shows the best relationship between the occupational therapist and the occupational therapist assistant in the delivery of occupational therapy services?
The occupational therapist assigns the occupational therapist assistant specific assessments to complete with the client, and the occupational therapist assistant collaborates with the occupational therapist to develop the intervention plan.
The extent of burn injury is classified by which of the following?
Total body surface area percentage
What is the leading cause of upper extremity amputation?
Trauma
The transtheoretical model of health promotion consists of multiple stages. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe phases from this model?
The precontemplation stage involves a definite plan to change behavior but no plan or time frame.
Which of the following is a reason that assumptions can be made regarding lower extremity strength during functional activities?
The stereotypical movement patterns that occur due to the joints and relative arrangement of the muscle
The amount of resistance applied to a muscle should not depend on which of the following?
The strength of the therapist
Why might a rigid frame chair be preferable for individuals with paraplegia who are manually propelling the wheelchair?
They are more energy efficient during propulsion.
There are several forms of clinical reasoning. Which statement best fits the concept of pragmatic reasoning?
This form of reasoning considers the external demands of the intervention setting, financial resources, and the client's potential discharge placement.
There are several forms of clinical reasoning. Which statement best fits the concept of procedural reasoning?
This form of reasoning provides a connection between the client's identified problems and the interventions provided, sometimes referred to as critical pathways
What is the best way to eliminate substitutions during MMT?
To palpate contractile tissues
The patient has a C5 quadriplegia. We can anticipate that he or she has innervation of which of the following?
Upper trapezius, diaphragm, levator scapulae, biceps, and supinators
Fred Farckle has a right hemianopsia. He reports that when he goes on community outings, he often bumps into people and other objects. This makes him anxious and uncomfortable, and he has stopped going out. Which of the following interventions would you use to address this limitation in mobility?
Use narrated ambulation to teach him to be more observant of his environment
Jeri's story was used as the case study in the Leisure Occupations chapter. Jeri was described as a 29-year-old, newly married woman who was in a traffic accident that resulted in a traumatic head injury, a broken wrist, and a broken leg. Before the accident she enjoyed scrapbooking, going to the nearby lake to boat and fish, playing with and caring for her dogs, and shopping. Jeri continues rehabilitation as an outpatient for the residual problems resulting from her head injury as well as for continuing problems using her dominant hand because of the healed wrist fracture (cast removed 2 weeks ago). She needs minimal assistance for safety because of poor balance and decreased judgment. Which intervention would be the best occupational therapy choice to assist her in engaging in her favorite leisure occupations?
Use of adapted scissors to cut shapes that were glued to sturdy paper
Which of the following is not a component of proper body mechanics used by the therapist when transferring clients?
Use your back rather than your legs
Which of the following is the main technique used for a client with limited joint range of movement (ROM) to perform ADLs?
Using an assistive device for the activity
When is a car (e.g., sedan) an appropriate vehicle option for the disabled client?
When the individual is independent in transfers and in loading mobility equipment.
How often is documentation required?
Whenever occupational therapy (OT) services are provided
In what plane is the MMT for grades F- and higher performed?
Vertical plane
For individuals with cancer, what is the most common impairment that leads to impaired ability to engage in meaningful activity?
Weakness
What is the correct infection control procedure to following when providing intervention with a client that includes toileting and bladder management?
Wear protective gloves, dispose of gloves in the appropriate waste container, and wash hands before and after intervention
All but which of the following statements about health promotion as described in the OT Practice Framework are accurate?
Wellness, as described in the Framework, involves only the lack of disease symptoms.
As an Area of Occupation, leisure is defined in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (2002) as __.
a nonobligatory activity that is internally motivated and engaged in during an individual's free time
Which of the following is a Syme's amputation?
a. Ankle disarticulation
Which of the following statements is true regarding burnout of healthcare professionals?
a. Burnout is defined as the state of emotional exhaustion that contributes to mental health issues, physical illness, physical conditions, and disease processes in healthcare professionals. b. Mindfulness training can aid in the prevention or treatment of burnout for healthcare professionals. c. Burnout can contribute to inadequate patient care, unethical treatment practices, reduced client outcomes, inadequate development of therapeutic use of self, and decreased rapport building. d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which treatment approaches for Neurobehavioral deficits after a strokeare recommended?
a. Compensatory and Adaptive b. Restorative and Remedial c. Sensorimotor and Bobath d. BOTH A AND B
Decerebrate and decorticate rigidity are abnormal postures that may occur as a result of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to damage to the motor pathways of the brain. Which of the following statements is true regarding these abnormal postural patterns?
a. Decorticate rigidity is related to damage to the cerebral hemispheres of the brain and presents with spastic flexion of the upper extremities. b. Individuals with decerebrate rigidity typically have a better prognosis than those with decorticate rigidity. c. Decerebrate rigidity is related to damage to the structures of the brain stem and presents with spastic extension of the upper extremities. d. BOTH A AND C ARE CORRECT
Which of the following concepts reflect the dynamic systems theory and heterarchical model of motor control?
a. Dynamic interaction between client factors, context, and occupations b. Higher motor systems in CNS control the subordinate lower centers c. Each subsystem (component) is critical to support engagement in occupation d. All answers are correct e. A AND C ONLY
According to the textbook, the best framework for intervention for a Stroke is _______________________________.
a. Evidence-based practice b. Task-oriented approaches c. Bobath approach (NDT) d. BOTH A AND B
Which are the potentially modifiable risks factors of a stroke?
a. Hypertension b. Cigarette Smoking c. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, diet, and emotional stress. d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Which of the following describe the term perception?
a. Interpretation of sensory information b. Mechanoreceptor activation in the fingertips c. Use of multiple types of sensation by the brain to create a body scheme d. BOTH A AND C
Which of the following statements is true regarding orthopedic injuries and joint replacements?
a. More than 300 million hip fractures occurred in 2010. b. More than 1 million joint replacements were performed in 2011. c. Approximately 53,000 shoulder replacements are performed per year in the United States. d. ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT
Occupational therapists are uniquely qualified to address sexuality issues with clients due to which of the following?
a. OTs may already be working with the client on other intimate ADLs such as bathing or dressing. b. Sexual activity falls within the domain of occupational therapy as an ADL. c. Occupational therapists understand the motor performance required for sexual activity and may be able to advise on positioning and technique when motor dysfunction or pain are present. d. ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT
MMT accuracy can be negatively influenced by which of the following?
a. Placing the client on a comfortable soft surface b. Repeating the test several times on the body part c. Positioning the body part correctly d. Palpating muscles before applying resistance e. BOTH A AND B
Which of the following are signs an occupational therapist (OT) may observe that are consistent with upper motor neuron (UMN) damage?
a. Positive Babinski's sign b. Hyperreflexia c. Abnormal nerve conduction study results d. ONLY A AND B e. All of the above.
When working with a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), health professionals monitor for signs of respiratory distress. Signs of respiratory distress include which of the following?
a. Shortness of breath at rest b. Impaired judgment c. Cyanosis d. ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT
Which of the following describes a preventable secondary condition for which a person with a disability may be at risk?
a. Spinal cord injury b. Depression due to social isolation c. Multiple sclerosis d. Obesity due to lack of physical activity e. BOTH B AND D
Which of the following statements accurately describes the elements of symbols and disability?
a. Symbols can convey feelings, identity, beliefs, and knowledge. b. Symbols can change over time in a society. c. Symbols can change in significance depending on an individual's changes in development or life experiences. d. All of the above.
Which of the following statements are true regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
a. TBI involves an alteration in brain function due to external force. b. Most common cause of death and disability in the young adult population. c. Demographic with the highest rate of TBI are adults 65 years of age and older. d. ALL ANSWERS ARE CORRECT
Which of the following statements accurately reflects international trends in health promotion concerning occupational justice?
a. The idea of occupational justice first emerged in Canada and Australia. b. The World Federation of Occupational Therapists has been active in promoting occupational therapy (OT) involvement in occupational justice. c. The discussion of occupational justice is slowly emerging in the United States. d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Avoiding MP ulnar deviation is an important joint protection principle in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. To open a jar, the patient should be instructed to do which of the following?
a. To open the jar using the palm of his or her hand b. To use two hands and wall mount jar opener c. To use shoulder rotation d. Both A and B e. ALL OF THE ABOVE
In contrast to the medical model, the independent living model views the person receiving services as
a. a consumer. b. the expert who knows his or her own needs. c. the primary decision maker. d.ALL OF THE ABOVE e. B and C only.
Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities is the definition of __?
a. adaptive equipment b. assistive device c. assistive technology d. ALL OF THE ABOVE
The occupational therapist assistant should use Centers for Disease Control (CDC) standard precautions __.
a. only with patient populations at high risk for infectious diseases b. with every patient c. to protect both the patient and the therapist d. BOTH B AND C
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease affecting the entire body, unlike osteoarthritis, which attacks individual joints. Osteoarthritis results in deterioration of the joint cartilage because of __.
a. wear and tear on the joint b. genetic factors c. biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular events d. Both A and B e. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Crepitus at the joint can be defined as __.
an audible or palpable crunching in the joint caused by the irregularity of opposing surfaces
Factors to be considered during the ______ phase of swallowing include the variety of foods offered, presentation of food, seating during meals, and mealtime habits and routines.
anticipatory
Nociceptors __.
are a subset of receptors that sense pain when stimulated
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are two of the more than 100 conditions that make up the rheumatic diseases. These conditions __.
are the main reason that adults over the age of 65 visit a physician
Not all above-knee or below-knee prostheses have a __.
articulating joint
_____ is defined as the entry of food or material into the airway below the level of the true vocal folds
aspiration
A meshed split thickness skin graft is a type of __.
autograft
When analyzing results from ROM assessment, the therapist's first concern should be ROM that is __.
below functional limits
A malignant tumor of the lung is classified as a __.
carcinoma
Peripheral neuropathy, which can include weakness and pain, is associated with this type of cancer therapy:
chemotherapy
Sequencing and timing are considered in which Framework section?
client factors
Localization of moving touch tends to return before localization of __.
constant touch
Which of the following is not a functional limitation of a stroke?
d. None of the above.
Eating, or ______, refers to the ability to manipulate and swallow foods and liquids.
deglutition
During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), chest compressions are performed to facilitate circulation of blood. Correct procedures for chest compressions include providing firm downward pressure directly over the inferior portion of the sternum and __.
depressing the chest approximately 2 inches with each compression
The person with C6 quadriplegia may be able to assist in transfers by locking the elbows in extension and performing shoulder __.
depression, external rotation, and adduction
When measuring passive ROM, the therapist should not __.
force the joint through its ROM
To protect the airway during the swallow, an individual must have the following with the exception of __.
full dentition
An upper extremity prosthesis with a myoelectric hand and body-powered elbow is a type of __.
hybrid prosthesis
When tapping elicits paresthesia, __.
it is referred to as a Tinel's sign
Humor and laughter __.
may be used to build relationships, help clients cope, promote health, and comply with treatment.
A client feeling a limb that is no longer there is experiencing __.
phantom limb
A part that moves through incomplete motion with gravity minimized would be graded __.
poor minus
Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments are used to test __.
pressure threshold
Palliative therapy is used in the treatment of cancer to __.
relieve pain and improve quality of life
You are planning your daily intervention for a client who sustained an RCVA and now has left hemiparesis. You are considering using PNF to increase the client's left upper extremity strength and range of motion. Your client's past medical history also includes a transient ischemic attack, hypertension, and active rheumatoid arthritis with substantial inflammation and pain in both shoulders and wrists. You choose __.
resistive use of PNF patterns is not an appropriate intervention for this client at this time.
The rehabilitation phase of burn recovery continues until __.
scars are mature
A burn involving fascia, muscle, or tendon would be classified as __.
subdermal
Measuring joint ROM is contraindicated if __.
the client has an unhealed fracture
For the person with C6 quadriplegia, it is desirable to develop some tightness in the long finger flexors because __.
the tightness of the finger flexors, combined with active wrist extension, can produce some functional grasp through tenodesis action
Fowler's position is the terminology used when the hospital bed is positioned so that....
the upper portion of the bed is elevated 45 to 60 degrees to elevate the client's upper body.