Final Prep
Patency of an IV catheter refers to the:
free flowing fluids through the IV catheter
Ringworm is a:
fungus
What is encephalitis?
inflammation of the brain due to infection
Stomatitis is:
inflammation of the lining of the mouth
Autoclaves utilize these things for sterilization
heat, water in the form of steam, pressure and time
The term for the rupture of the Red Blood Cell is:
hemolysis
Falls are also known as what?
high rise syndrome
Signs of hyperthermia include
increased body temperature
Hyperadrenocorticism is characterized by:
increased glucocorticoids
All are mites except:
nymphs
PPE stands for:
personal protective equipment
List 5 items or procedures that OSHA and the HCC require for employee protection.
1. Posters on potential hazards in the workplace 2. Posters listing employees rights in the workplace 3. Requiring the hospital to have an MSDS. 4. Employer provided PPE. 5. Planned out procedures for accidents/emergencies.
Using a grid or the Bucky is suggested when a body part measures over ___ cm
10
A dehydration level of more than ___ percent in dogs is life threatening.
10 percent
According to your Stage 3 Study guide, normal temperature for a feline is _______ degrees Fahrenheit.
100.5 - 103.0
In regards to dogs, a temperature of _____ is considered normal, while a temperature of _____ is considered an emergency.
102.5/104
Which of these needle gauges has the greatest diameter:
14 gauge
Using the prescription Keflex 500 mg bid x 12 days, if the hospital only has 250 mg capsules in stock, for how many days would you instruct the owner to give the medication?
12 days
A regular or macrodrip IV administration set delivers __ drops/mL while a microdrip IV administration set delivers __ drops/mL.
15/60
What is the average heart rate for cats?
160-200 BPM
During their lifetime, dogs have ____ deciduous teeth and ____ permanent teeth.
28/42
Using the prescription Keflex 500 mg bid x 12 days, if the hospital only has 250 mg capsules in stock, how many capsules would you need to fill the prescription?
48
IV catheters should not be left in place any longer than _____ hours.
72
Which of the following is the average heart-rate for medium to large dogs?
65-90 BPM
Monitoring of a patient under anesthesia requires the veterinary technicican to record all vital signs every:
5 to 15 mins
Most canned foods are____% water:
75
Deciduous teeth, for both dogs and cats, fully erupt at what age?
8 weeks
What is the average heart-rate for small dogs?
90-160 beats per minute
A normal body temperature for a dog is:
99.0 - 102.2
Dogs and cats recovering from anesthesia should return to a normal temperature of:
99.0F to 103F
Ethylene oxide is:
A sterilant
The national association that sets standards for veterinarians that primarily work with companion animals and provides accreditation to hospitals that volunteer to qualify under their standards is the:
AAHA
What does not belong in a pet first aid kit?
Band aids
Which of the following lists contains an item which does not need to be included in a Pet First-Aid Kit?
Bandage scissors, Tylenol, antacid tablets
Which contrast media is a positive contrast media used in radiology?
Barium
Which type of muzzle is safe to leave on a dog for extended periods of time?
Basket Muzzle
The vertebral formula for the dog and cat is:
C7, T13, L7
Explain, in your own words, the differences between a pharyngostomy tube and a nasogastric tube. Include a description of where they are placed and what they are used for.
A Nasogastric tube is a liquid medication and feeding tube that travels through the nose, into the esophagus and down into the stomach. This is used for short-term use only. A Pharyngostomy tube is also a liquid medication and feeding tube, however this tube is surgically placed in the left side of the pharynx, traveling down the esophagus, and into the stomach. This is used for the long-term feeding and medicating of patients
Important observations of patients that must be recorded in their file may include all except:
A change in bedding
A tourniquet is used temportarily as:
A device to stop blood flow.
What are the proper dental formulae for a dogs' deciduous and permanent teeth? What are the proper dental formulae for a cats' deciduous and permanent teeth?
A dogs deciduous teeth: 2 x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 3/3 PM) Totaling 28 Deciduous teeth. A dogs permanent teeth: 2 x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 4/4 PM, 2/3 M) Totaling 42 Permanent teeth. A cats deciduous teeth: 2 x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 3/2 PM) Totaling 26 Deciduous teeth. A cats permanent teeth: 2 x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 3/2 PM, 1/1 M) Totaling 30 Permanent teeth.
Describe the body language (eyes, ears, tail, and whiskers) you would observe from a fearful or nervous cat.
A fearful or nervous cat would be crouched low to the ground, but not lying down. Their body would be tense, and pupils would be dilated. The cats ears may be pricked. The tail will be close to the body, and the fur on the tail may be puffed. The whiskers will be flat against the face
Please describe (in your own words) what a foot bath is, where and why it is used, and how it is maintained.
A foot bath is a small pan holding a solution of bleach (1:30 or more depending on the pathogen in the isolation room). This pan is found outside the isolation rooms, and is used for disinfecting the soles of the shoes after walking around the isolation room. This helps ensure that pathogens aren't being spread around the clinic by your shoes. These baths are changed daily or more often, depending on how dirty they become. The solution inside the bath is changed in concentration depending on the suspected pathogen.
A microchip is:
A form of permanent identification for pets
Which best describes the pattern of agonal respiration?
A neurological reflex that occurs at the moment or after death.
Toxocara is:
A parasite
Define Professional Ethics and give 3 examples from the AMVA:
A set of principles that guide our values, principles, and conduct within our job in the clinic. 1. Consider the needs of the patient first and foremost with regard to relieving disease, pain, and suffering. 2. Striving to constantly improve upon our knowledge and skills. 3. Protecting the personal privacy and information of all our patients and clients.
Diabetes Mellitus is a lack of:
Insulin
When scheduling non-emergency appointments for future dates, they should be scheduled:
Intermittently throughout the day.
Which injection method facilitates the fastest absorption rate?
Intravenous
Vaccinations are given in all of the following routes except:
Intravenously.
FIFO is a(n):
Inventory control acronym.
When drugs expire, they commonly:
Lose their potency.
When preparing the patient's surgical site, scrubbing the site is done in a:
Circular motion from inside to outside.
When a surgeon chooses suture material they are concerned about all of the following except:
Color
What best describes the gross examination of feces?
Color, consistency, and odor.
When bathing or dipping a patient, the most important thing to do is:
Make sure to coat the eyes with ointment for protection.
Improper or negligent treatment of a patient by a veterinarian resulting in injury or loss is defined as:
Malpractice
A disadvantage of digital radiography is:
Cost
The heart is anatomically located _____ to the diaphragm.
Cranial
Domestic, unspecified breeds of cats are normally generalized as:
DSH or DLH
What is the main function of a WBC?
Defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and foreign bodies.
Anemia is defined as
Deficiency in the number, size, and oxygen carrying abilities of RBC's
Antimicrobials are a class of drugs that are used for:
Destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
When preparing to fill a prescription, the first thing an assistant should do is:
Determine whether the prescription is in pill, capsule, liquid, or ointment form.
Extubation of the ET tube occurs:
Directly after the swallowing reflex returns
Zoonoses refers to:
Diseases transmitted from animals to humans
The stifle (or knee) of the dogs leg is .......to the hip
Distal
Which infectious canine disease can cause neurological problems?
Distemper
Calibration of the refractometer is done with a drop of:
Distilled water.
When a patient is laying on their back, this position is referred to as:
Dorsal Recumbancy
The kidneys are anatomically located ______ within the abdomen.
Dorsally
Which of the following does not prevent radiation exposure?
Dosimeter badges
The flow of cleaning the surgical suite should be a(n):
Downward flow from ceiling to floor
Define Dyspnea
Dys- is bad or difficult, and -pnea is related to breathing, so Dyspnea is describing difficulty breathing.
Aural medication is administered via the:
Ears
Chemical analyzer machines are used for measuring ____ in the blood, while hematology analyzers are used for ____.
Electrolytes/CBC
Describe FIFO by defining what it stands for and explaining why FIFO is important. Also, explain the dangers or consequences associated with not adhering to FIFO.
FIFO stands for First in, First Out. This means that the first of any material, food, product, ect. that was ordered needs to be the first that is used. This method helps to ensure that we aren't using expired products, the products with dates coming up first are the products being used first. The consequence of not adhering to this method can be risking giving patients expired products that could compromise their health.
According to the American Heart Association, maintaining adequate respirations is more important as a life-saving tool than keeping blood flowing when administering CPCR.
False
Childproof containers are legally required on all prescriptions with no exceptions.
False
Feeling a dog's nose to assess temperature is an accurate method for determining health status.
False
If topical medication is packaged in a single-patient container, it is okay to use it on another patient as long as it is wiped clean with a paper towel.
False
It is acceptable to induce vomiting, perform a choking maneuver and/or perform CPCR on a healthy animal for the purposes of practicing your pet first-aid skills.
False
X-rays can be affected by magnetic fields.
False
before centrifuging blood, let the sample clot for maximum of 20 minutes.
False
All vaccines are given subcutaneously in a specified anatomical area.
False.
Cage cards and identification collars should be filled out after the animal is placed in the cage.
False.
Reagents for serological tests are interchangable
False.
When taking a patient's respiratory rate, you would measure each inhalation and exhalation separately.
False.
Panleukopenia and infectious enteritis are names for:
Feline distemper
Which of the following is used to take a pulse?
Femoral artery.
Surgical drapes are used during surgery to create a sterile barrier around the surgical site. Some drapes have pre-cut openings called:
Fenestrations
A dog in the working breed classification will likely react with the _______response in a fearful situation.
Fight
When using a disinfecting solution to clean the exam room, it is important to:
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for all types of resistant and contagious organisms.
List at least five items that you will want to have prepared for a skin scraping procedure.
For a skin scraping procedure, you will need several items. Among these items you will need Electric clippers and a #40 blade, a 165mm stainless steel spatula, a small pill vial containing cold sterilant, microscope slides, and a wax pencil to label the slides you prepare.
What is the term used for the length of time of pregnancy?
Gestation
Define Gingivitis
Gingiv- means gums, and -itis is inflammation, so Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums.
Define the term polydactyl
Having many toes
A build up of blood, generally the result of leaking blood around a vein is called:
Hematoma
What is a secondary complication of ear infections or ear mites that requires immediate treatment?
Hematomas
The oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cell is due to the presence of:
Hemoglobin
A platelet:
Is important to clotting of blood.
Break down Hepatic Lipidosis into its word parts. Then define.
Hepat/ic Lip/idosis : A condition of excess fat in the liver.(Hepat(o): liver, -ic: pertaining to, lip(o): fat, -osis: condition or disease.)
The medical term used to describe death of liver tissue would be:
Hepatic necrosis
In your own words, please explain the difference between indirect, direct, and immediate supervision.
Indirect/general supervision means the licensed vet is not in the building, but is keeping in communication with their staff watching the patient. While they are not there in person to help direct the staff in their supervision, they have means of directing the staff in other ways, such as via phone call, email, or text. Direct supervision means that the licensed vet is in the building and available to support the staff and patient when needed. Immediate supervision means that the vet is on the premises, and has the patient within their line of vision/hearing range. They are very close by, immediately available should complications arise with the patient.
What should every prescription label display?
Name, Address, and Phone number of the Veterinary facility. Full name of the Veterinarian. Clients name, address, patients name and/or ID number. Name of the prescribed drug, strength of the drug, quantity, expiration date, and number of refills. Directions such as dosage of each administration, frequency, and duration.
Proper veterinary term used for spaying a female is
Ovariohysterectomy
The term radiopaque applies to those substances that are ____ contrast and show up ____ on radiographs, whereas radiolucent refers to substances that are _____ contrast and show up ____ on radiographs.
Positive / White, Negative / Dark
Decubitus ulcers are:
Pressure sores
Stirrups are the part of a bandage that:
Prevents slippage of the bandage
Consent forms are used by veterinary hospitals
Prior to surgery
What is paraphimosis?
Prolapse of the penis
Physical medical records of pets are:
Property of the veterinary hospital only
Which of the following meters is used to measure oxygen saturation of a patient?
Pulse oximeter
If you make a mistake in writing a record, you should:
Put a one-line strike through the mistake, no matter how long it is, and initial the error.
Define Pyoderma
Pyo refers to pus and Derma- is skin, so Pyoderma is an infection in the skin with pus.
The RBC index's include measurements of the:
RBCs and Hemoglobin
In modern radiology machines, what heats up the filament?
Rotor
If a client describes an abnormal behavior exhibited by the patient, it should be recorded in the ________ section of the SOAP notes.
S - Subjective
In dogs and cats, functioning mammary glands are found in:
Sexually mature females only.
Vaccine doses come in 3 varieties:
Single dose pre-mixed, single dose with a diluent, and multidose.
The axial skeleton consists of the bones and cartilage of the:
Skull, Spine, Sternum, and Ribs.
Which of the following is true regarding ultrasonography?
Sound waves echoing off of tissues create the image of internal organs.
SOAP is an acronym used in pet records which stands for:
Subject, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
Wounds that penetrate the chest wall may be referred to as ______.
Sucking Chest Wounds
Debris that resemble small pieces of rice on feces or around the anus of the dog or cat are most likely:
Tapeworm segments
If a patient has fleas, they may become infected with _____ as a secondary result.
Tapeworms
When recording observations of a patient, one would use all senses except:
Taste
Which is the most severe type of burn?
Third degree
When technicians' clean dog's and cat's teeth, why is polishing so important?
Technicians polish the animals teeth after cleaning due to the fact that regular cleaning causes roughness on the surface of the teeth. This rough surface, if not polished, can allow for bacteria and plaque to easily attach and build on the teeth. Polishing the teeth after each cleaning leaves the surface smooth, making it harder for bacteria and plaque to stick.
Commercial Serologic testing kits are/can
Test for single or multiple diseases per test
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
The 5 Cardinal signs of Inflammation are Pain, Heat, Redness, Swelling, and possibly loss of Function.
In your own words, please explain the several reasons why the American Veterinary Dental Society (AVDS) recommends performing dental cleaning while the patient is under anesthesia.
The AVDS recommends doing dental cleaning under anesthesia because it allows the animal to get a more thorough cleaning, and polish the teeth. Anesthesia allows the patient to be comfortable and pain free during the cleaning, and allows the placement of an endotracheal tube.
Define Intravenous (IV):
The drug is injected directly into the vein or if an IV catheter is placed, it is injected directly into the catheter.
Define Subcutaneous(SQ):
The drug is injected just underneath the skin (between the skin and muscle layers).
Define intramuscular (IM):
The drug is injected to the muscle.
When centrifuging a mircohematocrit tube, it is important to:
Plug one end of the tube with clay.
Which of the following is true of OTC drugs?
You do not need a prescription to purchase OTC drugs.
Lyophilized refers to:
a powder vaccine
An oscillometric device is an instrument used for
arterial blood pressure readings
All observations should be recorded in the patient's record.
True
Auscultation is the process of listening to the heart, lungs, and abdomen with a stethoscope
True
Do not touch an animal that is/has been electrocuted until the electricity is off or the source of electrocution is safely away from both you and the animal.
True
Human toothpaste should never be used on animals.
True
Minor cuts and scrapes can be treated with chlorhexidine.
True
Misconduct by the veterinary assistant or any staff member can lead to disciplinary action and/or lawsuits against the attending veterinarian and hospital owners.
True
Never leave a muzzled animal unattended.
True
Ophthalmic drugs can come in both drops and ointment.
True
Pet First Aid is not a substitute for professional veterinary care.
True
Simple exam gloves are considered personal protective equipment.
True
The Elizabethan collar may be used to prevent the patient from chewing bandages
True
The ability for any potentially poisonous substance to cause health issues is proportional to the animal's body weight.
True
The process of aspirating a syringe after puncturing the skin helps to ensure that the needle is not accidentally inside a blood vessel.
True
Using the prescription Keflex 500 mg bid x 12 days, if the hospital only has 250 mg capsules in stock, how many times would you instruct the owner to treat per day?
Twice daily
Using the prescription Keflex 500 mg bid x 12 days, the abbreviation bid is translated as:
Twice daily
Measures taken whenever there is a possibility of exposure to a zoonosis are called:
Universal precautions.
A radiograph cannot be used as a legal document if it is:
Unlabeled.
Which parasite is known as the "Walking dandruff"?
cheyletiella mite
When taking a radiograph of a patient in dorsal recumbency, the x-rays would enter which aspect of the patient's body?
Ventral
When feeding a finicky hospitalized patient, a helpful trick is to:
Warm the food to increase its aroma.
The tertiary bandage layer is the:
Waterproof layer.
Describe how to use the Three Time Label Check when filling a prescription.
We check the label on the prescription 3 times before, during, and after filling to ensure the prescription is correct. Check the label on the Bulk Bottle as you remove it from the shelf to ensure that the drug and strength are correct. When you start to fill the prescription, again check the label for the drug name and strength. After the prescription has been filled, check the label on the Bulk Bottle one more time before putting it away.
The Chief Complaint (CC) is:
What the patient is brought in for
When instilling eye medication into a patient's eyes, which of the following is best to do first?
Wipe any discharge away from the affected eye.
Which statement is incorrect:
Wright's Stain is a four step process
When writing a prescription, the abbreviation Sig refers to the area where the veterinarian:
Writes the directions for the patient
What is antivenin?
An antidote used to treat venomous snake bites
A Woods light is:
An ultraviolet light used to detect fungal infections on the skin or hair
Profuse swelling, blue-tinged mucous membranes and irregular pulse may be symptoms of ______.
Anaphylactic shock.
What is the biggest difference between human and animal First Aid?
Animals tend to bite
The cephalic veins in the dog and cat run along the:
Anterior surface of the front limbs.
Canine and feline distemper
Are both viral infections
Which of the following is not a question to ask yourself when assessing an emergency situation?
Are the animal's eyes open?
The "quick" is the:
Blood and nerve supply in the nails
Information required by law on a prescription label includes all of the following except for the:
Breed of the patient
Joints are formed:
By 2 bones
PO is a Latin abbreviation meaning:
By mouth
One of the most common methods of filing records is:
By number
The layer of skin that contains dead keratin cells is the:
Epidermis
When radiographing an obese patient, the rule of thumb would be to:
Increase the kVp by 15%
Restraint or immobilization of animals is usually the responsibility of:
The veterinary assistant
The intermediate host for the tapeworm is:
flea
In manual processing of radiographic film, which tank is used twice during developing?
Rinse water tank.
An under-exposed radiograph would be __ ____ and you would _______ the kVp or mAs for a better technique.
Too light, increase
Indirect exposure to a pathogen occurs by all except:
Exposure to another infected animal
When donning a sterile gown, the surgeon can tie the back of the gown without breaking aseptic technique.
False
Bloat is known as:
GDV
Which is not a part of the excretory system?
Gallbladder
If the veterinarian tells you that he needs to examine the right lateral front leg of the cat, which position would you place the patient in?
Left lateral recumbency.
What is the maximum allowable annual dose of occupational radiation per person?
0.05 Sv
The autoclave uses pressure and steam to achieve sterilization. List the three minimum requirements for pressure, temperature and the amount of time needed to properly sterilize items.
1. The temperature must be at least 250F 2. Pressure has to reach 15 PSI 3. One temp and pressure have been met, the time of the cycle must be at least 15 minutes.
Using the prescription Keflex 500 mg bid x 12 days, how many capsules would you need to fill this prescription?
24
How many total ribs are in the dog and cat?
26
If a dog weighs 75.6lbs, how much does he weigh in kilograms?
34.4kg
When filling a syringe with 1 CC of vaccine, the best size syringe to use would be:
3CC syringe
The life cycle of most ticks has ___ stages.
4
Name 4 sites on a dog for intramuscular (IM) injections.
4 sites on a dog for Intramuscular Injections are the Triceps, Quadriceps Femoris, the Lumbodorsal muscles, and the Hamstrings.
What length of time is considered a normal gestation period for dogs and cats?
60-65 Days
Issuance of ___________ before the transport of an animal across a state or international border is designed to aid in disease control.
A health certificate
What is eclampsia?
A life-threatening calcium deficiency
Which statement is correct regarding film identification?
A light flasher, also called flash block is used before processing an exposed film.
A controlled substance log is:
A log meant strictly for recording the use of drugs that are defined by law as a substance with potential for physical addiction, psychological addiction, and/or abuse
Controlled substances may be ordered and/or prescribed by:
A veterinarian with both a medical and DEA license.
Comforting a hospitalized patient for better health care includes all except:
Access to light 24 hours a day
Controlled substances are required to be all of the following except:
Accessible by all veterinarians and technicians.
The subcutaneous (SQ) or (SC) injection performed by the doctor or technician is:
Administered by tenting of the skin.
The treatment board is used for:
All in house patients
Which of the following emergencies always requires veterinary care?
All of the Above
The ________ contributes to a cat's ability to balance.
All of the above
Which of the following may indicate that an animal has been bitten by a poisonous snake?
All of the above
Rabies affects:
All warm blooded species
The areas of the lungs where gases of carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange places are the:
Alveolar sacs
When centrifuging blood samples it is important to:
Always balance the centrifuge before use
When trimming a cat or dog's nails, the nails should be trimmed:
As close to the quick as possible.
Principles that maintain freedom from infectious organisms entering into a patient are referred to as:
Aseptic technique
Which of the following is a task that a veterinary assistant might be expected to do in a hospital?
Assist the veterinarian when needed.
When the hospital phone rings over 3 times and you are cleaning cages in back:
Assume that everyone is busy and take the initiative to answer the phone from where you are working.
When a technician is reading the PCV on the microhematocrit reader card, the placement of the top of the sealant is _____ line and the top of the plasma is on the _______ line.
At 0/at 100
The proper procedure for assisting in the drawing blood from a canine patient's lateral saphenous vein is to have the dog in lateral recumbency with one of your hands occluding the vein:
At the knee
The first cervical vertebra (C1) is the:
Atlas
Break down Autolysis into its word parts. Then define.
Auto/lysis: Destruction of our own cells.(Aut(o): self, Lysis-: destruction.)
The second cervical (C2) vertebra is called the:
Axis
Bathing a patient begins:
Before the dip is applied
Which of the following has the highest mortality rate in dogs?
Behavioral problems.
Swollen belly, dry heaves and difficulty breathing may be symptoms of _______.
Bloat
One reason rabbits have become so popular as house pets is because they:
Can be litter box trained.
Roundworms:
Can be passed to puppies and kittens from their mother.
Ineffective utilization of physical restraint:
Can result in injury to the patient and/or staff
Which surgical packs and/or items do not need to be sterile?
Cap, mask, and shoe covers
What does CRT stand for?
Capillary Refill Time
Soda lime granules are used in the anesthesia machine to absorb:
Carbon dioxide
When the veterinary technician is monitoring a patient under anesthesia, the Capillary Refill Time is important for monitoring:
Cardiac function and/or shock
When moving large immobile or unconscious patients, all of the following methods are acceptable except:
Carry the patient on your own because they are unconscious.
The FVRCP injection is usually given to the ____ in the ___ ___ leg.
Cat/Right front
The dogs tail is ..........to the dogs neck
Caudal
The urethra exits the _____ end of the urinary bladder.
Caudal
Skin preparation of the surgical site prior to surgery includes:
Clipping or shaving the animal's fur against the growth pattern of the fur.
Before removing any animal from their cage, the very first thing the handler should do is:
Close all windows and doors.
When using the three-person technique (Interposed Abdominal Compressions) while administering CPCR, what is person #3 responsible for?
Compress the animal's abdomen
Feeding pureed pumpkin and encouraging increased water consumption are recommended for the at home treatment of what pet ailment?
Constipation
Define Cyanosis
Cyan describes blue coloration, and -osis is a condition or disease, so Cyanosis describes a blue coloration of the skin resulting from a condition or disease.
A blue tinged mucous membrane is called:
Cyanosis
Break down Cystocentesis into its word parts. Then define.
Cysto/centesis: Surgically puncturing the wall of the urinary bladder. (Cyst(o): Relating to the urinary bladder, -centesis: surgical puncture of.)
Which method of collecting urine yields optimal samples for all aspects of urinalysis?
Cystocentesis
The proper way to restrain the head of a small bird is:
Encircling your thumb and middle finger around the bird's neck at the jaw level.
Define Endocardiosis
Endo- means within, cardi(o) is about the heart, and osis is a condition or disease, so Endocardiosis is a condition or disease that effects the inner lining of the heart.
Which item cannot be safely autoclaved?
Endoscopes with fiber-optics and plastics
Which diagnostic imaging process allows for direct visualization of internal anatomy?
Endoscopy
When taking a patient history, it is the responsibility of the veterinary assistant to:
Enter only behavioral observations that facilitate handling.
The best way to estimate the age of a dog, when the actual date of birth is unknown, is to:
Examine the dog's dentition.
Polydipsia refers to
Excessive thirst
Regarding socialization and exercise for hospitalized patients, all of these statements are true except:
Exercise for cats is as important as it is for dogs.
Radiation exposure gradually decreases over a lifetime.
False
The most important purpose of accurately sexing a cat is so his/her owner can give them a gender-appropriate name
False
The urine sediment is the liquid portion of the urine.
False
List four tasks that must be completed when preparing a patient's surgical site for surgery. Also, explain why it would break aseptic technique to prepare a patient for surgery in the operating room.
First, outline the area needing to be shaved with clippers, ensuring to extend this shaved zone several inches out past what the incision site will be. Next, shave with the grain of fur to remove most of the fur, and then shave against the grain using a surgical blade. Then, after the shaving is completed and loose fur has been vacuumed away, the scrub process should begin. After the scrub process, dry the skin. All of this preparation must be done outside of the operating room because doing this inside the operating room would break aseptic technique. The shaving of the fur could cause loose fur to fly into the air, with the possibility of landing in the surgical site afterwards. Cleaning the surgical site in the operating room would cause the disinfected operating table to get dirty with the cleaning supplies, with the possibility that some of the dirt and bacteria running off of the site don't get washed off of the table, leaving an opportunity for possible contamination during the surgery.
Please explain how you would administer ear medication into a Cocker Spaniel's right ear in your own words.
First, put on a fresh pair of gloves, and have a staff member restrain the dog. Next, we need to clean the ear before applying the medication. Insert the opening of the applicator only a few millimeters into the ear canal, as we don't want to risk puncturing the ear drum. Lift the pinna up and away from the ear canal. Squeeze the medication into the ear. Remove the nozzle from the canal and massage the medication down the canal and throughout the inside. Once the medication has been distributed, allow the patient to shake off excess medication.
The amount of time and the volume at which fluids are delivered to the patient is called the:
Flow rate
In the vacuum tube of the x-ray machine, the point where the electron beam interacts with the anode is called the:
Focal spot
The anesthetic period starts:
From induction
To prevent a mix-up of gases, oxygen is stored in tanks that are color coded:
Green
Bucky is a type of:
Grid
Types of muzzles include all except:
Hackamore muzzles
The best rope knot to use as a temporary tie when constant tension is applied as used for positioning an unconscious patient's limbs on a surgery table is the:
Half hitch
The pulse is a measurement of the patient's:
Heart Rate
Heavy panting, the presence of foam around the mouth and bright red gums may be signs of ________.
Heat Stroke
When sending aggressive dogs home with oral medications, the best advice for the owner would be to:
Hide the pill in a small piece of food that the dogs likes.
When taking a patient's history, the environmental history includes:
How many and what type of pets are in the household.
Define Hypothermia and Hyperthermia.
Hypo/thermia: Below normal body heat Hyper/thermia: Above normal body heat
Twitching, head tilt and seizures may be symptoms of ______.
Hypoglycemia
Low body temperature, especially during surgery, is referred to as:
Hypothermia
When giving medication in tablet form to a dog who will not open their mouth, it is not acceptable to:
Include the tablet in his daily feeding of dry and/or wet food allowing him to eat the pill when hungry.
The drug diazepam (Valium) is classified under the Schedule ____ category of controlled substances
IV
When scheduling an appointment, what factor is most important?
If the patient has an emergency or urgent situation.
Describe how to examine the abdomen:
If the patient is sitting, replace your left arm around the patient's chest and push upward, as the patient must be standing in order for the veterinarian to examine the abdomen. Release all pressure on the patient's abdomen while the veterinarian is palpating the internal organs for proper placement and size.
If an animal in your care is experiencing vomiting or diarrhea (that is not the result of poisoning), when should you seek veterinary care?
If you notice blood
The three levels of supervision as they apply to state laws are:
Immediate, Direct, and Indirect.
Food and water should be given to a patient who has completely recovered from anesthesia:
In small amounts under the decision of the attending veterinarian.
The advantage of the glass thermometer over the digital thermometer is:
It is cheaper to replace.
Explain in your own words why it is important to take two views of a specific anatomical area. Also explain an exception to the rule in small animal medicine.
It is important to take two views of a specific anatomical area because when we're doing the imaging, we're taking a 2-D picture of a 3-D area. Taking two images at right angles to each other helps the veterinarian to be able to form an idea of what the 3-D structure looks like, using these 2-D pictures. The only exception is when the animal is severely injured. If the animal is severely injured, we want to be moving them around and keeping them in awkward, uncomfortable positions for as little time as possible. This means that it might not be possible to take two images.
The veins of choice for drawing large blood samples from dogs and cats are:
Jugular veins
When restraining a cat to draw a large amount of blood, the proper vein to use is the...... vein while the patient is in ...... recumbency:
Jugular/sternal
The site of measurement for a radiograph of the stifle would be the:
Knee
Determining the patient's weight at the time of exam has many purposes. Which is most important?
Knowing what dose of medication is needed if the patient requires it.
Rabbits are classified as:
Lagomorphs
The cartilaginous opening that the veterinary technician must visualize for endotracheal intubation is called the:
Larynx
Drop in body temperature, weak or absent pulse and unconsciousness may be symptoms of:
Late stage shock
When a patient is their side, this position is referred to as:
Lateral Recumbancy
Prescriptions are written in a combination of English and:
Latin
A type of blood collection tube used to collect unclotted whole blood and is commonly used for the CBC is ____ top tube.
Lavender
The term "lateral recumbency" means the patient is:
Laying on either it's left side or right side.
Which substance absorbs the greatest amount of radiation?
Lead
Feline Leukemia vaccines are given in the ___ leg of the cat:
Left hind
Stronger reflexes and increased muscle tone in an anesthetized patient characterizes:
Lighter levels of anesthesia
Polydactyl means:
Many toes
MSDS Stands for:
Material Safety Data Sheet
The scruff of the cat is the:
Neck area
Describe the difference between negligence and gross negligence in the veterinary environment.
Negligence is defined as "Failure to exercise the degree of care considered reasonable under the circumstances, resulting in an unintended injury to another party." While Gross Negligence is defined as, "willful disregard for the safety and welfare of others" An example of negligence would be if an animal comes in for a procedure and the staff gives sub-standard care to the animal. An example of gross negligence would be if an animal came in to get microchipped, and instead got their tail docked due to a mix up in paperwork.
When is it allowable to have your hand within the primary beam?
Never
When should you apply a tourniquet to control severe bleeding?
Never apply a tourniquet to control bleeding.
What is the best way to learn how to store a drug properly?
Read the drug manufacturers insert.
How do newborns acquire their early immunity towards infectious diseases? Why and when do they need to be vaccinated?
Newborns acquire their early immunity towards infectious diseases through nursing due to the maternal antibodies that come through in the colostrum. This immunity only lasts for the first few months of their life. It is estimated that at around 8 weeks of age, the animals maternal antibodies have weakened or are completely gone, and this is when we can start vaccinating the animal. Vaccines are not effective before this period of time.
Once you have started CPCR on a large adult dog, when should you pause to check the animal's status?
No sooner than 3 minutes after starting CPCR
An NSAID is a(n):
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory.
Which of the following prescription abbreviations is correct?
OS refers to the left eye.
The agency that oversees workplace safety is:
OSHA
What does the acronym OSHA stand for? What are OSHA's responsibilities? Why is OSHA important?
OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA is responsible for setting guidelines on workplace safety. They make and enforce laws to keep workers safe within the workplace. OSHA is important because the guidelines it sets on hazards in the workplace, employee rights, and much more help to keep workers and customers safe.
The rule of thumb for the rate at which milk chocolate becomes toxic to dogs is:
One ounce per pound of body weight
Whenever a shipment of supplies arrives, you should first:
Open the invoice for the contents.
Blood chemistry analyzers measure:
Organ function
Inventory control includes all except:
Organizing bottles by color
Prescriptions are found in the ___ portion of the SOAP notes.
P - Plan
Explain in your own words the definition of pancreatitis, and what contributes to pancreatitis in dogs. Include a detailed description of the symptoms and treatment.
Pancreatitis is a disease that involves inflammation of the pancreas. Canines that have a diet containing large amounts of fatty foods are susceptible to this disease. Symptoms include vomiting, tiredness and lethargy, decreased appetite, diarrhea that appears yellow in color and greasy, fevers, and pain in the abdomen. Treatments for this disease are giving the patients IV fluids and nutrients, and a NPO order for 24 hours at the start of treatment. Pain relieving medication and antibiotics are given as well.
"Flea dirt" is:
Partially digested blood
Which of the following is not a stage of parasitic life cycle?
Pathogen.
List 9 items you should prepare in advance before a venipuncture is performed.
Patient's medical record, blood tubes for each test, peroxide, catheters/syringes with proper needles, cotton balls, adhesive tape, Alcohol bottle, clippers with a #40 blade, and tourniquet if the vet prefers.
The isolation ward is reserved for:
Patients suspected of having highly contagious disease
When taking a thoracic radiograph, it is important to take the image on:
Peak inhilation.
PPE stands for?
Personal Protective Equipment (gloves, masks, gowns)
The ear flap is known as the
Pinna
When occurring after death, the digestion of cells by their own enzymes is referred to as:
Postmortem Autolysis.
There are three different categories of restraint. What are these categories? Please explain each type of restraint.
Psychological Restraint: A non-limiting, but also at times the weakest form of restraint. This can be used to sooth, distract, and calm a scared patient. This restraint uses a calm, soothing voice, and a soft touch. Physical: This can be a moderately to very limiting form of restraint depending on the position the animal is put into and the strength of the handler. The handler uses their body to limit the movement of the animal during the procedure. This form of restraint also utilizes leashes, ropes, and muzzles. Chemical: This can be the most limiting form of restraint as it alters the animals mental state using sedatives, tranquilizers, and anesthesia. This allows a handler to calm the animal using drugs, or render the animal completely unconscious for the procedure.
During vaccination, cats can be restrained using:
Psychological and physical restraint
Use your own words and explain in detail how Rabies is transmitted and how Rabies affects an animal's body. Include a description of the stages, and why Rabies is so dangerous
Rabies is transmitted through saliva of an infected animal. This is often done through the infected animal biting another. Rabies affects the body in three phases. The first phase is Prodromal, in which the behavior of the animal starts to change. The next phase is Excitative, in which two outcomes may happen. The animal may enter the Furious Rabies stage, or the Dumb Rabies stage. This stage is marked by more behavioral changes. The animal may show signs of aggression, self-mutilation, start excessively drooling, and may start showing difficulty swallowing. The final stage is Paralytic, in which the animal is unable to eat or drink, and experience paralysis of the head and neck. This paralysis will eventually affect the entire body, and the animal will die. This disease is one of the most dangerous because we have no treatment for a human or animal that has begun to show symptoms. It will always cause death. Because it is transmitted through the saliva in an animal bite, and some animals may go through a Furious Rabies stage where they are prone to biting and spreading this disease, Rabies vaccinations are required for cats and dogs in many states.
By law, which of the following must be signed by the veterinarian?
Rabies vaccination certificate.
Nosocomial infections can be spread by all except:
Radiation
Which cells of the body are most susceptible to radiation damage?
Rapidly dividing cells
When performing surgical hand scrubs, the purpose of keeping your hands above your elbows is to prevent:
Recontamination to your hands once you begin to scrub.
What instruments would the technician use to measure both the urine specific gravity and the protein levels of blood?
Refractometer
Rabies injections are usually given to cats and dogs in the ___ leg.
Right hind
The rabies vaccination is most commonly given in the dog and cat in the:
Right hind leg
Which condition is considered zoonotic:
Sarcoptic mange
In your own words explain: 1. What is scatter radiation? 2. What is scatter radiation caused by? 3. Why is scatter radiation dangerous? 4. How does the collimator affect scatter radiation?
Scatter radiation is secondary radiation. This radiation happens when electrons that aren't fully absorbed or don't get absorbed at all bounce off of the patient and scatter. This can be caused by certain electrons having longer wavelengths than others bouncing off of the bones or tissues of the patients, or the primary beam hitting somewhere other than the patient, such as a piece of lead or the table. This radiation is dangerous because as it scatters, it can make its way to the veterinary staff in the room, exposing them to radiation. The collimator can be adjusted to reduce the primary beam to a more precise area, therefore reducing the scatter.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding scheduled drugs?
Scheduled V controlled drugs have the lowest addiction potential.
Describe how to examine the thorax:
Slip the left arm under the abdomen instead of the chest. Reach under the patient's belly as far as possible, pulling them to your chest. The veterinarian may now listen to the left side of the patient's chest. In order for them to listen to the right side, you will need to move back from the patient to provide adequate space for the stethoscope to fit between you and the patient. An alternative is that the veterinarian may ask you to rotate the patient or switch sides if the patient is too large for the veterinarian to reach.
The spun microhematocrit tube is used as a basis for determining all except:
Sodium
If the veterinarian asks you to assist in the collection of blood from a cat for a glucose test using a grey top tube, the correct additive in the tube would be:
Sodium Fluoride
The most common electrolytes in an animal's blood are:
Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.
When selecting a specific restraint technique for an animal, there are four fundamentals that will contribute to your decision. One of the fundamentals is "behavior". Please list the 8 factors that will influence a patient's behavior and use your own words to provide a detailed explanation for each one.
Species: Depending on the species, a different restraint technique will be used. We would not use the same technique that we use to restrain a large dog on a small bird, because the bird is much more delicate than the dog. Breed: Different breeds of animals have different temperaments. Some breeds that are larger may require more strength, or even a second handler, while a smaller breed requires less strength and more care. Sex: Depending on if an animal has been spayed/neutered or is intact, temperament can also change. Those that are intact may need to be handled more carefully than those that are not intact. Age: As animals get older, they often get more fragile. An older animal may need to be restrained more cautiously, with more use of psychological restraint rather than physical restraint than a young animal needs. A young, energetic animal might need more physical restraint than an older animal. Territory: If the animal is needing to be restrained somewhere outside of their usual territory, they might be more on edge than if they were within their territory. This often requires more care and consideration before doing a restraint technique. Hierarchal Position: Some professionals say that animals that are the alpha of their family can be more aggressive than those that are the beta in the family, so care and consideration will need to be taken with the kind of restraint used. If they are showing aggression or fear, you will want to utilize psychological restraint while utilizing a physical restraint technique that keeps you safe from being bitten. Prior Experience: It is always important to see what prior experience the patient has had in the hospital setting. If they have had positive experiences so far, the handler might consider using less physical restraint and more psychological techniques. If they have had negative experiences, the handler will need to consider what restraint techniques will cause the animal the least amount of stress, while keeping the handler safe. Current health: All current injuries, sicknesses, or other health factors will need to be considered before choosing a restraint method. An animal who is in pain will need more careful restraint than an animal who is not experiencing any pain. An animal who is hurt on a limb will need to be restrained in a position that does not cause stress to that limb.
Sternal recumbency positioning of surgical patients allows access to the:
Spine
Which 2 breed groups are highly distractible according to the AKC?
Sporting and Hound breeds.
Of the 4 stages of anesthesia, which stage is ideal for surgery?
Stage III
When a patient is laying on their belly, with the forelegs stretched forward and head is stretched upward, this is referred to as:
Sternal Recumbancy
Styptic powder is used to:
Stop the bleeding of the nail quick
Define Supragingival and Subgingival.
Supra/gingival: above the gums. Sub/gingival: Beneath/below the gums.
If a client becomes mad about a situation in the hospital, and he/she starts yelling at you, what is the best way to handle the situation?
Take control and remain calm, acknowledge the clients emotions, redirect the conversation, and then try to solve the problem.
Please list the "Five Rights" when handling medications and explain why following them is important.
The Five Rights are: The Right Patient, The Right Drug, The Right Strength, The Right Quantity, The Right Frequency. By following these 5 rights, you are ensuring that you are giving the correct drug to the correct patient. You are also ensuring that the drug you are giving to this patient is in a quantity that will last them through the time they are to administer the drug, with the frequency the veterinarian has prescribed. By ensuring it is the right strength, you know you are giving the patient a drug that will help their condition, without being too weak to help, or too strong that it could be harmful.
In radiology, the term SID stands for:
The Source-Image Distance
List 4 items that a veterinary assistant would prepare if a client has elected euthanasia for their pet.
The Veterinary Assistant will need to prepare several items including: a folded towel on the exam table, tissues for the owners, a cadaver bag placed out of sight, and an IV catheter.
Define Adjunct:
The adjunct is the non-active ingredient added to a drug.
Restraint begins with analyzing the four fundamentals:
The animal's behavior, the procedure, the handler's ability, and available equiptment.
Which statement is not true of the calipers?
The caliper is slipped under the thinnest point of the patient's anatomical part being radiographed.
When restraining a fractious cat for an oral mouth exam, the equipment of choice would be:
The cat sack.
Which is the most commonly used vein for inserting IV catheters in dogs and cats?
The cephalic veins
Which safety feature limits the size of the primary beam to reduce secondary radiation?
The collimator
Please explain the importance of placing an endotracheal tube.
The endotracheal tube is placed to create an open airway to allow oxygen and anesthetic gas to travel to the lungs during surgery. This helps ensure that the patient remains under anesthesia during the surgery, is able to breathe, and helps to block off access of vomit to the lungs if the patient vomits during surgery.
Explain how to remove a large dog from a kennel or run.
The first thing you want to do is ensure all windows and doors are shut, so if the patient breaks free they cannot run out of the room. Next, take the leash in one hand, grasping firmly, and with the other, start to slowly open the kennel door. Place yourself in front of the opening so the patient cannot escape, and put your foot on the outside of the kennel door so it cannot continue to swing open. Next, talk calmly to the animal, and try coaxing them forward. Once they are within reach, slowly put the loop over their head and tighten it just enough. Bring the patient so that its left side is at your side, having them walk with you. Bring yourself out of the kennel, holding firmly to the leash, stepping with your left foot first. Keep a firm grasp on the leash, and make sure the slack is not too tight, but not too loose as you lead them out of the room.
Please explain in detail the instructions that should be included in a home care handout when discharging a patient, including information on: A. The administration of medication B. Follow-up home care C. Environmental Care
The home care handout should detail the prescribed medication and administration instructions such as the name and type of medication, why it was prescribed and what it is for, how often the pet should take the medication, time of day, with or without meals, with or without water, how much medication should be administered at a time, how to administer, and where the medication can be picked up. The handout should also detail home care going forward, such as how the patient should be cared for at home, what to expect with the recovery of the patient, any warning signs, and if a follow-up appointment should be made. Lastly, the handout should explain environmental care such as how much food/water the pet should get, how often they should get food/water, what type of food to give them, if the pet should be exercised while taking the medication, and how often the pet should exercise.
The chief complaint refers to:
The main reason why the patient is being seen.
The TL junction of the vertebrae is:
The most common area for spinal injury.
Describe how to examine the anus and perineum:
The patient should remain standing and your left arm will be under the abdomen to support them as this uncomfortable examination takes place. This arm placement will encourage them to continue standing, but remember to hold them close to your chest for added support.
The signalment in the record is:
The patient's full physical description
When handling rabbits, the biggest concern is:
The rabbit injuring itself while struggling to break free.
List the stain components and, in your own words, describe the procedure for staining a blood smear using Wrights Stain.
The stain components of a Wrights Stain are the Fixative, which is a light blue and is composed of 95% methanol, the Eosinate, which is a pinkish to orangish color and has an eosin component, and the Counter Stain, which is a blue-purple color and is methylene blue. To stain a blood smear with Wrights Stain, create the blood smear with the feathered edge and allow to dry. Label the slide with a wax pencil so it does not get switched with another patients slide. Using a pair of forceps, grasp the painted end of the slide after affixing the blood. Carefully dip the slide into the Coplin Jar with the Fixative, and hold it in the jar for however long the manufacturers instructions say. Slowly remove the slide from the jar using the forceps. Next, dip the slide into the eosinate jar, and once again allow to rest in the jar for as long as the manufacturer specifies. Pick the slide back up using the forceps, and after allowing excess solution to drip off, dip the slide into distilled water. Allow the distilled water to finish dripping off the slide before dipping the slide into the counter stain jar. Let it sit in the jar for as long as the manufacturer recommends before picking it up again with the forceps. After allowing the excess solution to drip off, dip the slide in another distilled water solution, and again let excess water finish dripping before continuing. Finally, rest the slide on a paper towel with the feathered end propped up. Dry the slide, and clean the other side free of any stain. If all steps are followed correctly, you now have a viable stain to view!
The maintenance of a radiology log is a strict mandatory law for each state and regulated by:
The state's health department
Name 6 different routes of injections including the three most common.
The three most common routes of injections are Subcutaneously (SQ/SC), Intramuscularly (IM), and Intravenously (IV). Three other, less common, routes are Intradermal (ID), Intracardiac (IC), and Epidural.
In your own words, explain in detail why towels, gowns and drapes are folded in accordion-style.
The towels, gowns, and drapes need to be folded accordion-style, with a dog ear on top, so that the surgeon can grab the fabric easily by the dog ear, careful not to touch anything else, and easily allow the fabric to open without the need to shake it out. This helps prevent any fibers or contaminates that may be on the fabric from being sent into the air where it can contaminate the surgical site. The dog ear ensures that the surgical veterinarian does not need to touch more of the fabric than is necessary to open it, keeping their hands as clean as possible.
A feline patient was just admitted into your hospital. The cat has not eaten for 24 hours and has been diagnosed with an upper respiratory infection. Why won't the cat eat? What steps can you take to make the feline more comfortable? What feeding techniques would you use to entice the cat to eat and what types of food would you use? If the cats refusal to eat continues, what potential complication can occur?
There are a few reasons why the cat might be refusing to eat at this point. Because upper respiratory infections involve the mouth, nasal passages, and upper airways, they could feel too sore to eat, sinuses could be too blocked for them to feel like they can comfortably eat, or they could be too nervous too eat. To help the feline patient feel more comfortable, we would confine them into their own cage, away from any dogs that could make them nervous. They would be placed in an area with a comfortable temperature, quiet surroundings, soft bedding, and a towel over the front of the cage to limit visual stimuli. To encourage them to eat, if the owner brought in a food the feline is used to eating, we could try giving the patient that food. Because the patients airways are affected, their throat might be sensitive, so changing to wet food might help encourage them to eat more. Heating up the wet food, adding water to it, and placing a small droplet of the wet food on their nose can also help encourage them to eat. Finally, if the patient is still refusing to eat, we can switch to a special food for picky patients. If we cannot get the feline to eat, some complications that can arise include the development of hepatic lipidosis, which is known as fatty liver syndrome.
Which is not an insect?
Ticks
In your own words, describe the differences between cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization.
To clean a surface means to clear it of dirt and debris. This, however, does not make it free from bacteria. To disinfect a surface means to destroy the pathogens on the surface and prevent their further growth. This includes some, but not all types of pathogen depending on the type of disinfectant. To sterilize a surface means to kill all the pathogens/organisms on the surface and prevent their further growth.
How would you determine the sex of a cat?
To determine the sex of a cat, hold the cat steady as you lift their tail. Looking at their anogenital region, you can get a good determination of the sex of the cat. Right under the base of the tail will be the anus. If the genitalia is directly under the anus with just a small amount of space in between, the cat is a female. If the space between the genitalia and the anus is larger, but there are no visible testes, then this cat is likely a neutered male. If the space between the genitalia and the anus is large, and there are visible testes, then this is an intact male.
The purpose of the surgical mask, that each of the veterinary staff wears in the O.R., is for all of the following, except:
To soften the volume of everyone's voices keeping the noise level to a minimum
The pedal reflex refers to the:
Toes
Which of the following is not one of the actual 5 stages of grieving?
Unpredictability
To avoid hemolysis when a technician is drawing blood, all of the following are important except:
Use a 25 gauge needle.
Explain how to open a cat's mouth and administer a pill.
Using the fourth finger and thumb of your hand, wrap your hand around the back of the patient's head and place these fingers on the top of the canine teeth, holding the upper jaw. Take the other hand and hold the pill firmly. Using your fourth finger on the other hand, open the bottom jaw, keeping the cats head in place with the hand holding its head. Once the mouth is open, drop the pill to the back of the throat. Once the pill has been dropped and you have ensured it has not gone off to the sides, shut the patient's mouth and wipe their nose or massage the throat for several seconds until you see them swallow. Check the mouth to ensure the pill has been swallowed.
Which tubular structure directs urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
Uterer
Which part of the anesthetic machine converts liquid anesthesia to a gaseous form?
Vaporizer
Which vessels carry carbon dioxide-rich blood?
Veins
Placement of a needle or catheter directly in an animal's vein is referred to as:
Venipuncture
The temperature, pulse, respiration, and weight of a patient are termed:
Vital signs
Which method of urine collection is least traumatic for the patient?
Voided.
What is an example of an organic matter?
Vomit
Which of the following is incorrect regarding anal sacs?
When grooming a dog, anal sacs are expressed after the bath.
Serological tests
detect antigen or antibody reactions
A crash cart is used specifically for:
emergency supplies
An otoscope is an instrument specifically used to:
examine the ear canals
Which of the following regulates the energy of the x-ray beam?
kVp
Symptoms of feline hyperthyroidism can include all except:
lameness
Heartworms are transmitted by:
mosquitoes
Tendons attach:
muscle to bone
Leptospirosis symptoms are commonly confused with:
pancreatitis
When viewing a fecal sample, QNS stands for:
quantity not sufficient
Aura, ictus, and post-ictal are stages of:
seizures
Describe how to examine the limbs:
the patient may be required to be in lateral recumbency. If the patient is laying on the right side, then the doctor will examine the left front and back limbs, including the shoulder joints and hip joints. Then, the veterinarian will have the patient flipped to the other lateral side so they can do the same exam on the opposite front and back limbs. Another option is to have the patient in a standing position with the assistant's arm underneath the abdomen to keep them standing while the veterinarian examines each limb individually.
Nosocomial infections are
those which occur in the course of being treated in a hospital
Caudal refers to the anatomical direction:
towards the tail
The eardrum is also known as:
tympanic membrane
