Final questions
According to the Individual Shared Responsibility Provision of the Affordable Care Act, what happens if you don't have health insurance?
You pay a penalty with your federal taxes.
Continuity theory states that _____.
habits and lifestyles from midlife should be continued into old age
Those most likely to be creative are _____.
older individuals
Melanie has suffered from ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) for the last three years. She wanted to be around for her husband and two small children as long as possible. She is now in the end stages of the disease and paralyzed from the neck down and struggles to breathe. Melanie has no quality of life. Her husband agreed to help end her life by disconnecting her breathing machine in the middle of the night. This is an example of _____.
passive euthanasia
The social comparison theory says that _____.
people compare themselves to others to figure out how they're doing
Between what ages does life satisfaction increase?
40-70
What would be considered an appropriate living arrangement for someone who needs round-the-clock medical attention?
A nursing home.
Which statement is true regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
If you are viewing this lesson because you like the learning process, you are taking it for intrinsic reasons.
What factor has influenced the growth in cost of the Medicare and Medicaid programs?
Improved technology in medicine
What is behavior a function of according to person-environment correspondence theory?
Person and environment
Which of the following is a controversial act because it goes against the Hippocratic Oath?
Physician-assisted suicide
When a person has negative views of retirement and believes it is far off, they are in the _______ stage.
Pre-retirement
Which of the following is NOT covered under Medicare Part B?
Prescription drug coverage
Final
1-3 pm
What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?
Active euthanasia involves causing a person's death through action. Passive euthanasia involves withholding treatment that hastens death.
Retirement entails:
An end to one's career/work
Which theory states that normal aging results in a gradual withdrawal from society?
Disengagement
Which of the following social workers is using the person-environment correspondence theory in social work practice?
Edith assesses whether her client goes to religious services, plays sports or does other extracurricular activities, what his home life is like, and finally how he likes his job. Edith is assessing all possible aspects of Eric's environment. She is using PIE theory by identifying these environments.
Who first proposed the five stages of grief?
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
Dying and Bereavement Sociocultural Definitions of Death • All cultures have their own ideas about death, mourning rituals and states of bereavement Legal and Medical Definitions Clinical death (accepted for hundreds of years) Lack of heart beat and respiration Whole-Brain death (most widely accepted today) Includes eight specific criteria, all of which must be met No spontaneous responses to any stimuli No spontaneous respiration for at least 1 hour Total lack of responsiveness to even the most painful stimuli No eye movements, blinking, or pupil responsiveness No postural activity, swallowing, yawning, or vocalizing No motor reflexes A flat EEG for at least 10 minutes No change in any of these when tested again 24 hours later • - - - - Legal and Medical Definitions Persistent vegetative state: a person does not recover following Disruption of the blood flow to the brain Severe head injury Drug overdose Abby Dorn case: "Woman left paralysed after giving birth to triplets (2006) wins the right to see them after ex-husband is defeated in court" (2011 headline) Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 1370087/Abbie-Dorn-wins-right-triplets-paralysed- giving-birth-them.html#ixzz2lKiAOeBU Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook Ethical Issues Bioethics Examines the interaction between human values and technological advances Euthanasia The practice of ending life for reasons of mercy - - • - • - • • - • Euthanasia Two types of euthanasia Active euthanasia Deliberately ending someone's life through some sort of intervention or action Passive euthanasia Ending someone's life by withholding treatment Oregon Death with Dignity Law - 1994 Provides for people to obtain prescriptions for self- administered lethal doses of medication Terri Schiavo case The Price of Life-Sustaining Care • A growing debate concerns the costs for keeping someone alive through technology and includes financial, personal, and moral costs. • • • • • Coping with Death: Kübler-Ross's 5-Stage Theory (1969) DENIAL: Often first reaction; likely to be shock and disbelief ANGER: At some point people express anger (hostility, resentment, frustration, envy) BARGAINING: Looking for a way out; setting a timetable DEPRESSION: Occurs when one can no longer deny the illness ACCEPTANCE: Realizing that death is inevitable; often results in detachment from the world and sense of peace. • - Coping with Death: Kübler-Ross's 5-Stage Theory Movement through the stages: Some people do not progress through all of these stages, and people move through them at different rates. People may be in more than one stage at a time and do not necessarily go through them in order. - • • • • - - Coping with Death: A Contextual Theory of Dying Stage theories of dying: assume some sort of underlying process for moving from one stage to another do not clearly state what a person must do to move from one stage to another Contextual theories of dying emphasize: Tasks and issues that a dying person must face No right way to die (but there are better or worse ways of coping with death) Death Anxiety • Death anxiety is widespread in Western culture. • Several components have been identified: - Anxiety about pain - Body malfunction - Humiliation - Rejection - Nonbeing - Punishment - Interruption of goals - Negative impact on survivors • These components can be expressed at public, private, and unconscious levels. • • Death Anxiety Death anxiety is demonstrated in many different ways, including: Avoidance of things connected with death Such as refusing to go to funerals Directly challenging death Such as engaging in dangerous sports Daydreaming Changing one's lifestyle Using humor Displacing anxiety onto work Becoming a professional who deals with death • - - - - - - - • - - - Creating a Final Scenario End-of-life issues Managing the final aspects of life After-death disposition of the body and how one is memorialized— cremation or burial? Distribution of assets - • - Creating a Final Scenario Making choices about what people do and do not want done A crucial aspect of the final scenario is the process of separation from family and friends. Bringing closure to relationships One's final scenario helps family and friends interpret one's death, especially when the scenario is constructed jointly. • Advance directives Pa#ent Self-Determina#on Act (PSDA) of 1990 guarantees right of all competent adults to have ac=ve role in decisions about their care Advance directive or living will stipulates end-of-life treatment Durable power of attorney for health care appoints a health care proxy Do not resuscitate order directs health care workers not to use resuscitation Request for palliative care provides relief from symptoms (e.g. pain) and some services but does not hasten or postpone end of life When pa=ent's wishes are met, both pa=ents and their families experience less strain and improved quality of life • - • Making Your End-of-Life Intentions Known Decisions regarding end-of-life issues are complex Legal, Political, and Ethical Advance Directive (Living will) and durable power of attorney for health care • Do Not Resuscitate (DNR): medical order which is used when cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not desired. Making Your End-of-Life Intentions Known The Hospice Option • An approach to assisting dying people that emphasizes pain management (palliative care) and death with dignity • Emphasizes quality of life rather than quantity of life • The goal is a de-emphasis on the prolongation of death for terminally ill patients • Both inpatient and outpatient hospices exist. • The role of the staff is to be with patients, not to do things for patients. Bereavement is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective Biological Stress on body Psychological Range of negative emotions Impaired attention and memory Sociocultural Altered position in family and community Financial burden Change in support network Response to bereavement Loss of child is most stressful of all forms of bereavement • - • - • - • Survivors: The Grieving Process Bereavement The state or condition caused by loss through death Grief The sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, or other feelings that arise after a loss Mourning The way we express our grief Mourning is heavily influenced by cultural norms. Disbelief Denial Shock Sadness Anger Hatred Guilt Fear Anxiety Normal Grief Reactions • Confusion • Helplessness • Emptiness • Loneliness • Acceptance • Relief • Happiness • Lack of enthusiasm • Absence of emotion • • • • • • • • • News Report: Green Burials
What factor influences a person's decision about where to live as they age?
Finances Proximity to friends and family All of the answers are correct. Level of care needed
Which of the following is a major criticism of Kubler-Ross's theory?
Her theory assumes every person goes through the stages of dying in the same order.
Community-based health care is also sometimes called:
Home Health Services
Which of the following is an obligation of a person holding durable power of attorney?
Honor the incapacitated person's desires to the best of their ability and knowledge.
What makes hospice care different than palliative care?
Hospice care is delivered only to terminally-ill patients Hospice care is generally begun once a doctor has determined that a person has six or fewer months to live (although this may vary). Palliative care, which is offered as a part of hospice care, is also for patients who are not dying (non-terminal), to relive symptoms that are caused by something that can't be addressed.
Which of the following is a function of hospice care?
Hospice seeks to provide the best end of life care possible, seeking to meet the psychological, spiritual, and physical needs of the person and his or her family. Hospice care teams often include social workers, nurses, chaplains, and trained volunteers who surround the person and their family providing care at many levels.
What phrase best describes subjective well-being?
How you evaluate your life
The institutional care facility that offers the least amount of assistance is:
Independent living
Sylvia is an active senior who wants to live in an environment where there are other people her age for socializing and other activities. What type of living arrangement should she seek out to meet her needs?
Independent living.
Candice is living in a health care facility, which means that she is receiving:
Institutional care
Which of the following is true about mental health care and spending limits under Medicaid?
Insurance plans cannot impose yearly or annual spending limits on essential mental health care
Dan is age 62 and works part time at a grocery store making minimum wage. He has no disabilities. Which program BEST fits Dan's health insurance needs?
Medicaid
Which of the following is a remaining issue with Medicaid, even after the ACA?
Medicaid funding varies by state and thus care is not provided equally everywhere.
How does Medicaid differ from Medicare?
Medicaid is federally and state-funded
Jalisa is 37 years old and has end-stage kidney failure. Which program BEST fits her health insurance needs?
Medicare
Which of the following programs is designed to provide government-funded healthcare coverage for citizens and permanent residents age 65 and older of any income level?
Medicare
Oscar, age 72, receives inpatient care at a skilled nursing facility. Which part of Medicare covers his care?
Medicare Part A
Choose the most accurate statement about hospice services:
Participating in hospice is a decision that can be changed.
are linked to employee motivation and arise from intrinsic conditions according to the two-factor motivational theory
Motivators/satisfiers
The need for a sense of control is an example of what type of basic psychological need?
Need for autonomy
An older adult requires around-the-clock extensive care and supervision by medical staff. Where are they likely to reside?
Nursing home
If a person needs 24-hour medical assistance and monitoring, he or she is best in a(n):
Nursing home
What other name is the Affordable Care Act referred to as?
Obamacare
Terri is taking a new job as an elementary school teacher. Her job requires her to join the teachers' union. Which of the three inherent psychological needs does this satisfy for Terri?
Of the three inherent psychological needs that are part of the Self-determination Theory, 'Relatedness' is the need that relates to the need to feel like part of the group.
What is the primary way that Social Security is funded?
Taxes on employers, worker's wages, and self-employment earnings
person-environment correspondence theory states _____.
That a person and their problems can be largely understood by looking at their environment.
The World Health organization's focus has included:
The World Health Organization has focused on each of these issues, as well as others. As seen in the lesson, the WHO continues to focus on a variety of leadership priorities and economic issues as they relate to world health.
What is the natural increase in population?
The crude birth rate (CBR) minus the crude death rate (CDR)
According to Kubler-Ross, how does the denial phase differ from the acceptance stage?
The denial phase helps to ease anxiety and fear, whereas the acceptance stage is a period of calm and peace.
Which of the following individuals IS allowed to witness the signature of patient's Advance Directive?
The following are NOT allowed to witness a patient signature of an AD in any state: any member of the health care community, any member of the patient's family related by blood or marriage, or the person being named as Medical Power of Attorney. Some states may add to this list but the basic list is fairly universal.
How did the work of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross influence the treatment of terminally-ill patients?
Treatment began to focus on meeting patients' psychological needs in addition to physical ones
The World Health Organization focuses on what?
True, the World Health Organization has had to consider other matters such as economics and security in the plans for world health. Economic issues such as poverty and access to care are often related to issues of health, leading to the WHO needing to maintain broader strategies.
What is the main purpose of notary or witness signatures on a power of attorney document?
Verify the identities of the people signing the document.
The Death with Dignity Act is a specific physician-assisted suicide law that is available to residents of which states?
Washington, Oregon, and Vermont
CHAPTER 12 Long-Term Care
What are your 5 most important belongings? IMAGINE...you have been in a terrible car accident and need medical care round the clock for an indefinite amount of <me. You are going to be admi@ed to a local nursing home and are allowed to bring 5 personal items with you (not counting clothes and toiletries). Write down one item per notecard. Briefly explain why the item is important to you. Personal Items to Bring to a Nursing Home* • Any needed denture supplies and container • Electric razor or razors, shaving and a8ershave lo9ons • Makeup, body powder • Hair supplies, including comb, brush, shampoo • Deodorant • Facial 9ssues • 9 full sets of undergarments and 2 washable sweaters • 7 pairs of stockings or socks and 4 nightgowns or pajama sets • 2 pairs of flat, non-skid shoes and 1 coat or jacket • 2 pairs of washable, non-skid slippers and 1 robe • 7 casual ouTFits and 2 belts *Reproduced from the Emory Healthcare, Georgia website (Affiliated with Emory University) Items to bring to personalize the living quarters: A bed, bedspread, pillow, dresser and bedside table are provided. Residents can also bring other personal items, provided they are in very good condition and do not overcrowd the room. Suggested items to bring from home: • Clothes hangers • Blanket and personal pillow • Pictures, photographs, favorite objects and lamps (residents are encouraged to place their names on these and other objects) • Wheelchair, walker or any other adaptive equipment • Telephone • Television set • Small refrigerator Which 5 items will you bring with you to the nursing home? Residential care facilities • Offer basic assistance with ADL's (Ac5vi5es of Daily Living) • 733,000 adults in U.S. living in residential care facilities Board and care home Group living arrangement designed to meet needs of people who cannot live alone and also need some nursing services Group home Shared living situation in which residents can split costs of help Adult foster home Family provides care in their home for one or more older adults. Assisted living facility Housing complexes with independent apartments • • 1. 2. 3. Assisted Living Provides a suppor.ve living arrangement for people who need assistance with personal care (bathing, taking medica.on) but are not so physically or mentally impaired to require 24-hour care. Has three essen.al aTTributes As much like a single family house as possible Emphasizes personal control, choice, dignity, and autonomy Should meet rou.ne services and special needs Community housing alternatives Government-assisted housing Affordable housing or rental assistance for people with low to moderate incomes Accessory dwelling unit Second living space in a home with independent quarters Continuing-care retirement community (CCRC) Housing community with different levels of care Con$nursing-care re$re ment community (CCRC) Apartment complex for older adults Shared meals Affordable Residents must be capable of independent living and: not require con>nual medical care know where they are and oriented to >me show no evidence of disruptive behavior able to make independent decisions be able to follow specific service plans • - - • - - - - - The Ecology of Aging • Environmental Psychology: Seeks to understand the dynamic relations between older adults and the environments they inhabit Day treatment services Geriatric par*al hospital Provides psychiatric care to older adults in community Respite care Gives family caregivers a break while allowing older adult to receive needed services Adult day care Provides assistance or supervision during day Adult Day Care Designed to provide support, companionship, and certain services during the day Goal is to delay placement in more formal care se8ng. Three types of adult day care Social services, meals, recrea<on, and minor health care More intensive health care, therapy, for serious medical problems Specialized care for dementia or developmental disabili<es. Home Modifica,on Helps people deal with tasks of daily living by modifying the environment Hook for car keys near the door Handrails in bathrooms Door handles that are easier to grasp Widening doorways Lowering countertops Wheelchair ramps 1. 2. regulations: Skilled nursing care consisting of 24-hour care, including Types of Nursing Homes Two levels of care are defined in federal medical and other health services Intermediate care also 24-hour but at a lesser intensity Percentage of Medicare enrollees age 65 and over residing in selected residential seHngs by age, 2005 • Special Care Units • For people with dementia • Provide additional environmental support and safety features to help when the person's competence level continues to decline. • Memory aids are built into the unit. Who is Likely to Live in Nursing Homes? Health issues and functional impairment Average resident has significant mental and physical problems One third of residents have mobility, ea0ng or incontinence problems. 30 to 40% show signs of clinical depression. • - - - Describing Person—Environment Interactions Competence is the theore.cal upper limit of a person's capacity to func.on. Environmental press: the physical, interpersonal, or social demands that environments put on people The competence-environmental press model Residents are maximally adapted when there is a match between press and competence New Directions for Nursing Homes • Green House Project - Homelike environment - Encourages residents to par:cipate in their care through helping with daily tasks • The Eden Alterna:ve - Includes pets and other approaches that try to ease transit:on between current and former living situa:ons. - Link to Eden Alterna:ve FeatureFe Nursing or residential care home may even represent improvement over private homes
What is Medicaid?
A federal medical care program for people with low incomes.
For activity theory to be effective, what sorts of activities should be pursued?
Activities that are engaging and fulfilling.
Clinton is dying and praying for a recovery. He promises that if he lives, he will appreciate his family more. Which stage of grief is he in?
Bargaining
What does the 'employee mandate' of the Affordable Care Act require?
Businesses with 50 or more full-time employees must provide health insurance for them.
CHAPTER TEN Work, Retirement, and Leisure Patterns
Big Five Personality Traits and Job Satisfaction • Are personality traits and job sa2 fac2 correlated? (Judge, Heller, and Mount, 2002) • Neuro2cism -.29 • Conscientiousness .26 • Extraversion .25 • Agreeableness .17 • Openness to Experience .02 Holland's Theory of Vocational Development Vocation: Choice of occupation Ideally, an individual's personality and interests guide choice Congruence: Fit between vocation type and occupational environment Six personality types have been identified: - Holland's Theory of Vocational Development The RIASEC model Conventional Accountant Cashier Clerk Paralegal Financial analyst Enterprising Chief executive Manager Salesperson Lawyer Education administrator Realis&c Engineer Farmer Technician Cook Machinist Social Teacher Coach Massage therapist Psychiatric aide Waitperson Inves Gave Chemist Economist Physician Market researcher Computer scientist Mathematician Ar&s&c Dancer Editor Singer Ar7st Technical writer Vocational type Applying the RIASEC model • Occupational Information Network (O*NET) is the government database of occupations organized according to the RIASEC model Department of Labor Super's Life-Span Life-Stage Theory *Through recycling and career plateauing, people may not follow these stages in order* Occupation as calling • Calling: A consuming passion for a particular career domain • Fulfills identity • Choice that's made a<er period of intense reflection and self-scrutiny Variations in Vocational Development Protean career Individuals feel self-directed and driven internally by their own values Boundaryless career Ability to develop beyond the limits set by an employer or organization Vocational satisfaction: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Intrinsic factors •Specific to the job itself •Engage sense of identity •Work pertains to feelings of competence, autonomy, and s6 mala6 of personal growth •Work that is a calling (though not necessary) Extrinsic factors •Accompany the job but aren't central to its performance •Salary, conditions of work, employment policies, racial climate •Don't engage sense of identity • • Vocational satisfaction: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Two-factor mo,va,onal theory (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959) There are 2 general influences on voca,onal sa,sfac,on: Intrinsic factors ("job mo,vators") and Extrinsic factors ("hygiene factors") Feelings of fulfillment tend to come from "job motivators" Vocational satisfaction: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Self-determina-on theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008): Amount of control influences job sa-sfac-on "Move-on crowding out" (James, 2005) occurs when people's intrinsic mo-va-on decreases when they receive extrinsic rewards to do work they enjoy. Person-environment correspondence theory predicts greatest satisfaction when workplace values match worker's needs Causes of work stress Emo$onal labor Requirement in service industry to smile and be friendly no ma5er what Workplace bullying Ranges from social isolation to physical violence Jus$ce at work Whitehall II showed links between lack of fair treatment and metabolic syndrome Work-family enrichment model predicts that experiences in one role improve quality of life in other Skills and perspex.ves Interpersonal skills, coping skills, respect for individual differences Psychological and physical resources Self-efficacy, hardiness, op;mism Social capital resources Networking, informa;on Flexibility Flexible work arrangements Material resources Money, giCs Work-family conflict model proposes that people have fixed amount of time and energy to spend on their life roles (scarcity perspective) • Conflict most likely to occur among mothers of young children, dual- career couples, and those highly involved in their job • Private sector more likely than public sector • Greater conflict for younger workers • Personality (affecTIvity) plays a role Retirement is best thought of as process in which individual adapts over time Varia(ons in re(re ment pa-urns Crisp re(re ment pa-ern Leave labor force in single clear-cut exit (minority of workers) Blurred re(re ment pa-ern Exit and reenter labor force several <mes Bridge employment Work in different occupa<on than during adult life - Planning for Retirement Financial planning and realistic expectations toward retirement are important predictors of future satisfaction. People who plan for retirement tend to be more successful in adapting to this major life change. Pre-retirement education programs cover a variety of topics, including finances, attitudes, health, and expectations. • • Adjustment to Retirement Retirement is an important life transition and can be stressful. However, the degree of stress is related to attitudes toward retirement and whether retirement is voluntary. Most people are satisfied with their retirement, as long as people: Have financial security Have their health Have a supportive network of relatives and friends • • • • Social Security is a "pay as you go" system Workers pay for current re1 rees (and add some to the trust fund) All excess funds are invested in US securities As more is paid out to re1red workers than is taken in, the trust fund becomes depleted By 2033 all trust funds will be depleted Similar problems are occurring in EU countries, made worse by the economies of weaker na1ons Facts about retirement $1241 average monthly benefit 2012 82.5% of 65 and older population is retired 38.5 million 65 and older receive Social Security 37% of retirement income is from Social Security Importance of leisure pursuits for older adults • • • • Contribute to sense of iden/ty Provide focus and meaning in life Help maintain health and cogni/ve func/oning Social connections to others Source: Reproduced from Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort, Byberg, L., Melhus, H., Gedeborg, R., Sundstr ̈om, Ahlbom, A., Zethelius, B., ... Micha ̈elsson, K., British Medical Journal, 338, 2009 with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. • - - - - • Types of Leisure Activities Four categories are usually used to help organize leisure activities: Cultural Physical Social Solitary Leisure activities can also be considered in terms of the degree of involvement in these areas: Cognitive Emotional Physical • • •
A person who wants to move between levels of care in one location should enter a(n):
Continuing care retirement community
Sally's husband recently died. She cries a lot and doesn't want to get out of bed in the morning. Which stage of grief is she in?
Depression
According to positive psychology, happiness involves all of the following
Engaging with a meaningful activity Experiencing pleasure Being engaged in an activity
_______ cause dissatisfaction in the workplace, are extrinsic to the work itself, and linked to compensation and job security.
Hygiene factors
Terminally ill patients who want to use the Death with Dignity Act must meet which of the following criteria?
Patients must be residents of the state with the Death with Dignity Act, over age 18, and mentally competent
Why is retirement sometimes difficult?
People lack the structure of their former work life, and begin to feel unproductive and depressed.
An older person with a very low income would like to have their own apartment in the community since they are in excellent health and have little need for support. What option is a good choice?
Public housing aka Government-Assisted Housing
Palliative care:
Seeks to improve a person's life but not cure
How did Kubler-Ross revolutionize care for dying people?
She made caregivers more sensitive to a patient's emotional needs by focusing on care, as opposed to cures.
Genocide and evictions from countries may lead to
Social death
Riti is not a medical professional, but she has agreed to help her friend die. Riti's assistance to her friend is an example of ____.
euthanasia
at is a key difference between pension plans and 401(k) plans?
mployees can increase the contributions in their 401(k)s, but not usually in pension plans
The need for mastery and understanding of the environment is an example of
need for competence
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Advance Directives?
A patient can decide at any time to revise, update, modify, or cancel his or her own AD. ADs do not have to be notarized. The signature must be witnessed per state law - usually by two people not related to the patient by blood or marriage.AD laws vary from state to state. Therefore, when moving from one state to another, the patient should be certain that the AD from the previous state meets all requirements for the new state.
Since retiring from her job as an attorney, Melissa has taken up a wide variety of hobbies, including gardening, playing the guitar, and surfing. Which pychosocial theory of aging is Melissa applying in her own life?
Activity
Which of the following is a reason to enter institutional care?
All are reasons to enter institutional care Cognitive issues Personal care issues Increasing health care issues Mobility issues
A caregiver decides that they need short-term respite from providing support to a loved one. Why might this be?
All of the answers are correct. The person needs time to renew their energy in order to continue providing care Taking a break can help to maintain a healthier relationship with their loved one The person needs to connect with other aspects of who they are in addition to being a caregiver
Mary frequently requires some assistance with light household chores and grocery shopping. She is willing to consider making changes to her living arrangements to receive more ongoing help. What housing options would be a good choice for her situation?
Assisted living.
When is palliative care started?
At any time during the disease process
Andrea, the Accounting Manager, only cares that her employees turn in all assigned tasks at the end of the day. Her employees are free to do the work as they chose. Which of the three inherent psychological needs does Andrea satisfy for her employees?
Autonomy
Which of the three inherent psychological needs are satisfied for potential lawyers when they pass the bar exam their state requires before they can practice law?
Competence
An older adult is very independent and financially wealthy but has a medical condition that will worsen over the next 10 years. Which of the following options might fit this person best right now?
Continuing care retirement community
What type of facility offers different types of living facilities in one location?
Continuing care retirement community.
An older adult needs a safe place to go during the daytime hours for recreation and socializing while returning their own private home at night. What is the appropriate option?
Day care
According to Kubler-Ross, what is the order of emotional responses one goes through when faced with the knowledge of death?
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Emotional labor occurs when _____.
Emotional labor is a way of emotion regulation in which employees control their emotions and feelings at work.
The 1974 legislature that set forth better standards for the administration of retirement accounts, such as pensions, is known as the _____.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act
Who is eligible for guaranteed coverage under the Affordable Care Act?
Everybody
Palliative and hospice care addresses:
I. A person's physical symptoms, like pain II. A patient's psychological worries III. A person's spiritual needs regarding their fate IV. The needs of the family of the patient
Which of the following do palliative and hospice care entail?
I. Medical support II. Psychological and spiritual support III. Nutritional therapy and physical therapy
What is a common solution proposed to reduce costs of Medicare and Medicaid?
Improve effectiveness and efficiency
Tom the tech used to love building computers and game boxes in his parent's garage. Now that he has a job in tech, his boss tells him which projects to work on and enforces company rules that Tom must follow. According to the Cognitive Evaluation Theory, what is the effect of the job on Tom's motivation?
Intrinsic motivation is reduced, while extrinsic motivation increases.
Which of the following is true of a power of attorney?
It can be revoked or changed by the person granting it.
What distinguishes a durable power of attorney from other types of power of attorney?
It goes into effect when the person is incapacitated.
What type of care is administered to prevent and relieve the suffering of patients whether they have a terminal illness or not?
Palliative
Why do people dislike the phrase assisted suicide?
Since terminally ill people will die anyway, people feel the correct term to use is assisted death.
What term best describes a government program designed to protect individuals from economic risks?
Social insurance program
What is the gender wage gap?
The gender wage gap accounts for the difference in the amount of money men and women earn.
What is bereavement?
The period of sadness you feel after you lose a loved one.
Which of the following must be stated on a durable power of attorney?
The person to whom power of attorney authority is granted.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Social Security Act?
The program assists older adults, those with disabilities, the unemployed, and survivors of those who receive Social Security
A,B,C,D of Medicare
There are four main parts to Medicare: Medicare Part A, hospital insurance; Medicare Part B, medical insurance; Medicare Part C, Medicare advantage plans; and Medicare Part D, prescription drug coverage. Part A = Hospital Part B = Doctor Visit Part C = Supplemental Contract Part D = Drugs
Physicians who follow the legal requirements and prescribe lethal doses of medications in states with Death with Dignity Acts are subject to:
They are not subject to either criminal or civil charges in these states
Why do female minorities tend to have the most difficult time with the process of retiring?
They tend to make the least amount of money of any demographic.
Medicaid is designed specifically for those with what circumstances?
Those who have low income and limited resources
Who can receive Social Security benefits today?
Those with a qualifying disability Older adults over a particular age All of the answers are correct. Qualifying survivors of those who had Social Security benefits
Why was the Affordable Care Act passed?
To cover the low-income individuals who fell between the gaps for Medicaid and private insurance.
Why do individuals who are terminally ill choose a form of assisted suicide?
To die on their own terms, without lingering in pain and losing control of their own bodies
What is the main purpose of an Advance Directive?
To provide a way for a patient who is terminally ill to have his/her wishes honored when he/she is unable to speak for him/herself
When is hospice care started?
When treatments for the disease have been discontinued and the person likely has less than 6 months to live
The goal of the _____ movement is to promote the ability for terminally ill patients to meet death on their own terms.
dying with dignity
Oregon's Death with Dignity Act requires that the patient's request for a lethal dose of medication must be in writing and must also be:
signed by two witnesses who are not the patient's direct heir and not entitled to any part of the patient's estate
