Final study guide A&P
The Pap smear looks for abnormal cytology of the
cervix
Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are ________ muscles.
circular
Which of the following muscles has its origin on the hyoid and inserts on the tongue?
hyoglossus
What can the nervous system do to increase muscle tension?
increase stimulation frequency recruit larger motor units increase the number of active motor units ----All of the listed responses can increase muscle tension.
The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the
infundibulum.
The ductus deferens passes through the ________ to enter the pelvic cavity.
inguinal canal
The role of FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes
Heat energy gained from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system.
integumentary
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of the reproductive cancers because it
is usually not diagnosed early
The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called
isometric.
The fulcrum of a lever system is the
joint
Muscle fatigue occurs because of a buildup of __________ and a(n) __________ in pH.
lactic acid; decrease
The round ligaments extend from the
lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia
Sperm develop from stem cells called
spermatogonia
Muscles visible at the body surface are often called
superficialis.
The ________ ligament extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.
suspensory
A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n)
synergist
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)
tendon
The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following except
the collagen content of the muscle
Increased muscle fiber endurance can be produced by __________.
the type of activity performed
The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers.
third-class
A muscle whose name ends in the suffix -glossus would be found within or attached to the
tongue.
The muscle action potential penetrates deep into a fiber along the __________
transverse tubules
Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called
transversus
The protein that regulates muscle contraction by controlling the availability of active sites on actin is called
tropomyosin
Part complete The soleus muscle is very red in color. Which of these statements about soleus muscle fibers are true?
They are slow to fatigue. They have a slow twitch speed. They are rich in myoglobin.
Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
They have many nuclei
The soleus muscle is very red in color. Which of these statements about soleus muscle fibers is FALSE?
They are large in diameter.
A(n) ________ can be described as a broad tendinous sheet.
aponeurosis
A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will
be sterile
Which of the following are members of the hamstring group?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
The leading cause of death in women between the ages of 35-45 is
breast cancer.
The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the
bulbo-urethral glands.
Smooth muscle contracts when calcium binds to __________ and activates __________.
calmodulin; myosin light chain kinase
A type of muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle is called a(n)
antagonist.
Put the following events of the contraction cycle in the order in which they occur. 1. Cross-bridge detachment 2. Cross-bridge formation 3. Active site exposure 4. Myosin reactivation 5. Calcium ions bind troponin 6. Myosin head pivoting
5,3,2,6,1,4
Put the following events of the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur. 1. Action potential is propagated in the sarcolemma. 2. Acetylcholine binds to ligand gated sodium channels. 3. Action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction. 4. Vesicles full of acetylcholine are stored at the axon terminal. 5. Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft.
4,3,5,2,1
Cross bridge detachment is caused by ________ binding to the myosin head.
ATP
Which of the following is true about the difference between cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?
Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs where skeletal muscle cells do not.
The area in the center of the A band that contains no thin filaments is the
H band.
The region of the sarcomere that always contains thin filaments is the
I Band
Which of the following is not true of acetylcholine?
It enters the muscle fiber to release calcium form the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle?
It would cause muscles to stay contracted.
Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following except the
Rhomboideus
Which of the following is true of acetylcholine?
Which of the following is not true of acetylcholine? It diffuses across the synaptic cleft. It is digested by acetylcholinesterase. It binds to receptor membrane channels. It is stored in the neuron in vesicles.
The spermatic cord is
a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization.
acrosome
The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is
active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A muscle producing its maximum tension for a prolonged period is in __________.
complete tetanus
________ muscle fibers pull in different directions, permitting different actions depending on stimulation.
convergent
The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the
corpus spongiosum.
Fatigued muscles signify __________.
decreased pH
A vasectomy would interfere with a man's ability to
deliver sperm to the ejaculatory duct.
A(n) ________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement.
prime mover
The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the
ductus deferens (vas deferens).
At what point during excitation contraction coupling does exocytosis play a role?
during acetylcholine release from the synaptic terminal
Titin is a(n) _________
elastic protein
Which of the following describes the action of the digastric muscle?
elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible
The painful condition that develops because epithelial tissue from the uterus is present in the peritoneal cavity is
endometriosis
The first organ that sperm pass through is the __________.
epididymis
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
epimysium.
The broad ligament is a(n)
extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
Another term for vulva is
female external genitalia
A primary spermatocyte matures into ________ spermatids having ________ chromosomes.
four; 23
The glands that produce mucus used as a lubricant during sexual intercourse are ________ glands.
greater vestibular
The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.
head
Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the
head.
The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
produce large amounts of muscle proteins
A rigid structure that can change the effective strength of a muscle is called a __________.
lever
The ________ muscle is the strongest jaw muscle.
masseter
The sternocleidomastoid inserts on the
mastoid process of temporal bone
Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called
medialis.
The PSA test is used for diagnosis of
prostate cancer.
The role of inhibin in male reproduction is to
provide negative feedback regulation of FSH and GnRH secretion.
In an isotonic contraction,
muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load.
Muscles with fibers that run at an --angle-- to the long axis of the body are called
oblique.
The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the
orbicularis oris
The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the
origin.
The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers
ovulation.
Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are ________ muscles.
parallel
In a ________ muscle, the muscle fibers and fascicles lie in a slanted or oblique position to the tendon.
pennate
Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens (vas deferens) by
peristaltic contractions
Which of these is NOT a function of smooth muscle?
pushing blood into the great vessels of the heart
What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?
radial tuberosity
Given its name, what does the levator anguli oris do? (Figure 11-5)
raise the mouth
The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called
recruitment.
Which of the following is not an extrinsic eye muscle?
rectus abdominus
Muscles with fibers that run --parallel-- to the long axis of the body are called
rectus.
A patient takes a medication that blocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drug's effect on skeletal muscle contraction?
reduces the muscle's ability for contraction
Which organ system functions to rid the body of the waste products generated by exercising muscles?
respiratory cardiovascular integumentary ---All the listed responses are correct.
After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
rigor mortis.
What happens to sarcomere length if the zone of overlap is decreased? (Figure 10-14)
sarcomere length increases
Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action except
sartorius.
Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever.
second-class
The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except
secrete testosterone.
Which type of muscle tissue has the greatest effect on the body's heat production?
skeletal
The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.
vaginal fornix
Which of these muscles is a member of the quadriceps group?
vastus medialis rectus femoris vastus intermedius vastus lateralis ---All of the answers are correct.
If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This addition of one twitch to another is called
wave summation.