FINAL STUDY GUIDE

What happened to the large stone sculptures of San Lorenzo in c. 900 B.C.E.?

Mutilated and buried before the city was abandoned

What early American people were known as the "rubber people"?

Olmec

The Maya were culturally influenced by what other early American people?

Olmec.

The Indonesian sailors who brought bananas to Bantu Africa were originally from

Taiwan.

The Legalists argued that all subjects must serve the state through productive activities, and that the highest priorities of the state were agriculture and _________. a. Fostering philosophical speculation. b. Military service. c. Construction projects. d. Subsidizing the silk industry.

b. Military service.

The Fertile Crescent in comprised of two mountain ranges, the Taurus and Zagros Mountains, and what region? a. Anatolia b. Levant c. Egypt d. Thrace

b. Levant

The provincial governors, or satraps, of the Achaemenid Empire were appointed from what group? a. Babylonian magicians b. Persian aristocracy c. Greek philosophers d. Phoenician judges

b. Persian aristocracy

To cross gorges in the Andes mountain chain, the Inca built suspension bridges made out of a. bronze plates. b. think ropes. c. cypress wood. d. leather.

b. think ropes.

Although Muslims and Hindus in India resisted sharing religious or cultural practices, some Hindus did adopt what Muslim practice? a. castration of male slaves b. veiling of women c. pilgrimage d. polygamy

b. veiling of women

According to the Mandate of Heaven Theory, the Shang lost power and were replaced by the Zhou because the Shang lost a. military strength. b. virtue. c. the will to rule. d. wealth.

b. virtue.

Mencius compared human nature to what to illustrate his belief that humans were inclined to good? a. sunlight b. water c. snow d. air

b. water

The first grains to be deliberately planted, harvested, and bred selectively were a. oats and rye b. wheat and barley c. millet and maize d. rice and sorghum

b. wheat and barley

One of the most intriguing artifacts discovered at Caral-Supé was a quipú, which was used by the people of Caral-Supé and by later Inca for

record keeping.

The first ceremonial centers of the Maya were Selected Answer:

rectangular platforms.

The monumental structures at El Paraíso, Peru features charcoal filled pits that indicate that what went on there? Selected Answer:

sacrifices

Archaeologists theorize that ceremonial centers in the early Americas were built near where

the dead began to be buried in graves.

hieroglyphics

(Egyptian) Priestly writings that were originally pictograms (a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase) and later included ideograms (a written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it) and phonograms (a symbol representing a vocal sound) as well.

Beginning around c. 600 C.E. there was a massive migration of what people into the Great Lakes region? Selected Answer:

Bantu

Polytheism

Belief in and worship of more than one god. example: Hinduism: Ganesha, Shiva, Hanuman, Durga, Lakshmi, etc. Buddhism: Brahma, Surya, Vishnu, SRI etc.

Monotheism

Belief that there is only one supreme god. example: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam: God of Abraham

As it replaced Meroë in the fourth century C.E., Aksum took over trade with the Roman Empire and soon converted to

Coptic Christianity.

The earliest trade item that has been identified was what material, used to make tools? a. Woven cloth b. Wheat c. Iron d. Obsidian

D. Obsidian

What American weather pattern occurs in the cycles of every three to eight years and lowers the barometric pressure in the Western Pacific?

El Nino

Among the four calendars used by the Maya, the Long Count measured time in what way?

From the beginning of the universe.

The fictional tale Aethiopica featured Meroë but was written by a monk working in what language? \

Greek

Homo habilis was the first early hominin to add what item to its diet?

Meat

The first temple pyramid constructed by the Maya was located at Selected Answer:

Nakbé.

As hunters, the Neanderthals were not well adapted to ______________. a. Warming climates. b. Wetlands bordering on lakes and rivers. c. Thick forests that hampered their use of bows and arrows. d. Open grasslands and steppes.

Open grasslands and steppes.

cuneiform

The Mesopotamian writing system that was based on syllables and was written with a stylus onto clay tablets which were then baked.

Scholars speculate that the were-jaguar figures of the Olmec depict shamans performing rituals.

True

Aksum undertook its only imperialist venture in the early sixth century when it invaded

Yemen.

The Clovis culture was comprised of forager bands of extended families that met once a year to commemorate

a common ancestor.

In feudalism, what was a fief? a. a pardon for sins b. a title c. a tax exemption d. a grant of land

a grant of land

In 687, the coins of Abd al-Malik depict the first explicit reference to a. Arabs. b. Islam. c. Mary. d. trade.

b. Islam.

The most significant achievement of the Third Crusade was the recapture of ________ by the Crusaders. a. Acre b. Jerusalem c. Damascus d. Nicaea

a. Acre

Mesopotamian cities invented the first metal alloy in the period of c. 3300 B.C.E.; this first alloy was a. Bronze b. Tin c. Copper d. Iron

a. Bronze

The authors of the Upanishads and main reformist visionaries of the Vedic tradition were Mahavira and Gautama, the latter also known as_________ or Enlightened One. a. Buddha b. Ashoka c. Chandragupta d. Buddhaghosa

a. Buddha

Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang traveled to India in the seventh century C.E., where he stayed at the kingdom of Harsha Vardhana, a fellow a. Buddhist. b. eunuch. c. musician. d. philosopher.

a. Buddhist.

Phoenician city-states grew wealthy from trade in purple dye, foodstuffs, and what wood used for ship-building? a. Cedar b. Walnut c. Ash d. Oak

a. Cedar

The bureaucratic exams instituted by the Tang centered on knowledge of a. Confucian texts. b. multiple languages. c. trade customs. d. military strategy.

a. Confucian texts.

What was the capital of the Incan Empire? a. Cuzco b. Tenochtitlán c. Wari d. Aylla

a. Cuzco

The practices of certain schools of yoga, meaning ______________, were based on the belief that mastery of the body allowed one to escape the restrictions of the material world. a. Discipline. b. Stretching. c. Submission. d. Rebirth.

a. Discipline.

What title did Charlemagne acquire in 800 from Pope Leo III? a. Emperor of the Romans b. Emperor of the Franks c. King of the French d. King of the Romans

a. Emperor of the Romans

During this era, a collection of religious traditions derived from Vedic, Brahmanic, and Upanishadic practices, among others, and collectively called________, flourished, becoming India's dominant faith. a. Hinduism b. Sikhism c. Jainism d. Buddhism

a. Hinduism

What nomadic band invaded the Roman, Sasanian, and Gupta empires in the fifth century? a. Huns b. Aryans c. Germans d. Mongols

a. Huns

al-Khwarizmi borrowed the zero to nine decimal system from a. India. b. Egypt. c. Greece. d. China.

a. India.

The oldest known figurines made by humans, from Germany, were carved in what material? a. Ivory b. Basalt c. Limestone d. Obsidian

a. Ivory

The Christian missionary activity of the kingdom of Aksum was ended in the 970s when newly converted peoples rebelled, led by a. Judith. b. Zagwe. c. Amda Seyon. d. Menelik.

a. Judith.

Around the first century CE, all of these ideas took shape in what ultimately became the largest branch of Buddhism, ________, the Greater Vehicle. a. Mahayana b. Bharata c. Upanishad d. Yoga

a. Mahayana

Confucius advised rulers in his Analects to "Lead them [the people] by rules of decorum (li) and they will develop a sense of _________ and moreover, will become good." a. Shame. b. Gentlemanly behavior. c. Entitlement. d. Resistance.

a. Shame.

While scholars agree that women's roles deteriorated in some respects, there were also times when they exercised considerable freedom and influence, such as during the ________ period. a. Tang. b. Warring States. c. Sui. d. Qin.

a. Tang.

In 1297, Ethiopia sent a mission of thirty men to visit what person of religious status? a. The Pope of Rome b. The Imam of Medina c. The Patriarch of Constantinople d. The Bishop of Hippo

a. The Pope of Rome

The signs of a decline in the major cities of Harappa include: a. The construction of structures of inferior quality over earlier buildings. b. The construction of many large dams, apparently in an attempt to control the tributaries of the Indus. c. The complete disappearance of all Harappan villages and towns by 2000 BCE. d. A sharp rise in migration from outlying towns and villages to the large cities, as they were probably seeking protection from invaders.

a. The construction of structures of inferior quality over earlier buildings.

After the disappearance of Harappan cities, the re-urbanization of northern India was in large part supported by: a. The cultivation of rice. b. Indra's commands in the Rig-Veda. c. Aryan use of slave labor. d. The coordinated effort to desalinate the Indus River.

a. The cultivation of rice.

The Sultanate of Delhi was founded by the descendants of slaves of what origin? a. Turkic b. North African c. Persian d. Byzantine

a. Turkic

Krishna is an avatar, or incarnation, of a. Vishnu. b. Shiva. c. Brahma. d. Mahavira.

a. Vishnu.

The term Hinduism: a. Was derived from the Persian word hindu, taken from the Sanskrit word sindhu, or rivers. b. Was derived from the term Harappans used to describe the duties of priests. c. Came into use after the Indo-European invasion to describe the religious practices of the conquered Harappan societies. d. Was an Indo-European word used to describe Harappan religious rites.

a. Was derived from the Persian word hindu, taken from the Sanskrit word sindhu, or rivers.

In the (perhaps idealized) _____________, individual families would work one of eight plots, while a common plot would provide rent and taxes to the landowner. a. Well-field system. b. Feudal system. c. Pieces-of-eight system. d. Big-rat system.

a. Well-field system.

The Northern Wei and the Sui dynasties: a. Were formed by members of Mongolian peoples known as the Toba. b. Were members of lineages originating in eastern China. c. Kept themselves separate from common Chinese families. d. Were reluctant to take advantage of new military tactics.

a. Were formed by members of Mongolian peoples known as the Toba.

The Vedas: a. Were written down after 600 BCE, but grew from an oral tradition composed between about 1400 and 900 BCE. b. Represent the authors' best efforts to convey accurate information to future generations rather than being in any way allegorical or mythological. c. Can be trusted by historians and archeologists because they were accounts of events which were written as they occurred. d. Were lost for centuries, but discovered and translated by archeologist Sir Arthur Murphy in 1925.

a. Were written down after 600 BCE, but grew from an oral tradition composed between about 1400 and 900 BCE.

The first Aztecs were told where to settle by a vision of a. an eagle on a cactus. b. a god clad in silver. c. a fish walking out of a lake. d. a woman wearing a feathered headdress.

a. an eagle on a cactus.

West of Tula were centers of metal mining, where what new metallurgical technique was introduced around 1200? a. bronze casting b. copper smelting c. wrought iron d. forged iron

a. bronze casting

What punishment might befall a scholar or philosopher who disagreed with the emperor Shi Huangdi? a. buried alive b. imprisoned for life c. forced to recant d. exiled for life

a. buried alive

The Almoravids of southern Morocco and north Africa promoted what change in Ghana? a. conversion of kings to Sunni Islam b. increased trade in slaves c. the use of camels for trade d. shift to grain agriculture

a. conversion of kings to Sunni Islam

In the scholastic debate of the twelfth century, St. Anselm represented those who favored _______ as the most important approach to understanding God. a. faith b. logic c. Stoicism d. reason

a. faith

In the Zhou political system, what was a "wang"? a. king b. boundary c. law d. general

a. king

Mali came to power in part because more states were a. minting gold coins. b. trading salt. c. buying slaves. d. seeking guns.

a. minting gold coins.

Khipu, or knotted cords, were used by the Inca to record what kind of information? a. mit'a obligations b. prophecies about wars c. maps of the Andes d. weather research

a. mit'a obligations

According to Confucianism, one of the ways people could be motivated to better behavior was to offer them a. models of good rulers. b. free land for not rebelling. c. a chance to be district commanders. d. incentives in the form of tax rebates.

a. models of good rulers.

To aid commerce, the Song were the first people in the world to print what on paper? a. money b. receipts c. contracts d. price tags

a. money

In the Neo-Confucian synthesis of the Song, what did Confucianism provide? a. moral and ethical consequences b. emphasis on one's mystical union with Heaven c. desire for personal enlightenment d. investigations of the physical world

a. moral and ethical consequences

According to the Daode Jing, an effective ruler is one who rules naturally by a. non-action. b. lots of action. c. micromanagement. d. transparent actions.

a. non-action.

In 538 B.C.E. Jews petitioned the Persian king for permission to return to Jerusalem and to a. rebuild the Temple. b. become part of the Persian Empire. c. rewrite their scriptures. d. take Babylonian wives.

a. rebuild the Temple.

Although it was perhaps inevitable, some of the Greek city-states and Persia went to war in 499 when Athens a. supported a revolt of Greek states in Anatolia. b. invaded Tyre to capture Phoenician ships. c. instigated a revolt in Egypt. d. refused to pay their annual indemnity to Athens.

a. supported a revolt of Greek states in Anatoli

The Greek city-states operated very independent of one another, but were unified by language, participation in the Olympic games, and belief in a. the oracles. b. a single law code. c. economic dependence on olives. d. a common navy.

a. the oracles.

The Hanseatic League was designed to facilitate what? a. trade b. missionary work c. implementation of church law d. military conquest

a. trade

The Assyrians came to power through their economic prosperity from a. trade. b. farming. c. fishing. d. copper mining.

a. trade.

Forager societies: a. Were completely self-contained, never acquiring resources through trade or barter. b. Are also known as hunting and gathering societies. c. Generally lived in caves because they did not generally possess the skills to build other types of shelter. d. Had a short life span because of the uncertainty of being able to find sufficient food.

a. Are also known as "hunting and gathering" societies.

Trade between the Sahel and north Africa became possible when what was introduced to the Berbers? a. Roman cement. b. Arabian camels. c. horses. d. oxen.

b. Arabian camels.

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, the two major cities of Harappan culture,: a. Were built on high plateaus, simplifying both defense and water drainage. b. Are laid out according to a meticulously planned grid. c. Were deficient in sanitary provisions, such as drains and gutters. d. Show a cultural variation much greater than the cities of Old Kingdom Egypt.

b. Are laid out according to a meticulously planned grid.

To reinforce the restructured Byzantine army, Emperor Heraclius withdrew troops from what region in the Empire? a. Greece b. Balkans c. Anatolia d. Ukraine

b. Balkans

The concept of the _________ was that once one has achieved enlightenment, he should be dedicated to helping the suffering achieve their own enlightenment. a. Durga. b. Bodhisattva. c. Bhakti. d. Esoteric.

b. Bodhisattva.

What evidence indicates the use of chariots in Shang society? a. The Shujing attributes them to Yao, the Sage King. b. Burial sites include chariots. c. Questions about them appear on oracle bones. d. Depiction of chariots on bronze vessels.

b. Burial sites include chariots.

Among the many luxury goods produced in Tang China was a kind of porcelain known in most other places as a. Dragon plates b. China c. Willow-ware d. Tang-ware

b. China

Buddhist texts were initially translated into Chinese using terms borrowed from a. Legalism. b. Daoism. c. Cosmology. d. Confucianism.

b. Daoism.

A society calling themselves Aryans: a. Conquered northern India in a series of ferocious battles beginning around 1200 BCE. b. Entered South Asia through the Khyber Pass and spread across Punjab over a 300 year period, with evidence of some battles, but longer periods of peaceful migration. c. Captured all of the major Harappan cities and either killed or enslaved the native population. d. Attacked the subcontinent by sea and swept up along the coastlines before pushing toward the Indian interior.

b. Entered South Asia through the Khyber Pass and spread across Punjab over a 300 year period, with evidence of some battles, but longer periods of peaceful migration.

Buddhism had enhanced trade ties with the Romans, the Sasanids, and the remnant states of Han China by the ____________. a. Ninth century CE. b. Fourth century CE. c. Fifth century BCE. d. First century BCE.

b. Fourth century CE.

When the Christian kings conquered Toledo in 1085, they introduced what to Western Christianity? a. smallpox b. Greek texts in Arabic c. refined sugar from cane

b. Greek texts in Arabic

The Book of History or Classic of Documents, the Shujing, provides information concerning China's first three dynasties, which include all of these except: a. Zhou. b. Han. c. Shang. d. Xia.

b. Han.

Vijayanagar, "City of Victory," was founded in 1336 as a primarily _________ city in the south. a. Muslim b. Hindu c. Jain d. Buddhist

b. Hindu

The battle of Qadesh in 1274 B.C.E. was the largest chariot battle in the Middle East and was fought between Egypt and a. Hyksos b. Hittites c. Assyria d. Sea Peoples

b. Hittites

Windmills were introduced to Western Europe in the twelfth century and were brought over from a. China b. Iran c. Constantinople d. Egypt

b. Iran

By the second century CE, bolts of silk with standardized designs were _________. a. Strictly designed for domestic consumption. b. Produced for export, particularly to Persia and Rome. c. Encoded with messages advocating land redistribution. d. Produced by hand, with no machinery to aid to the process.

b. Produced for export, particularly to Persia and Rome.

Although called the pope, the official title of the head of the church is the Bishop of a. Paris b. Rome c. Constantinople d. Milan

b. Rome

What physical evidence indicates that trade existed between Zhou China and Egypt? a. Egyptian mummies found in Zhou tombs. b. Silk threads on Egyptian mummies. c. Copper coins with square holes found in Thebes. d. The appearance of Chinese people in Egyptian tomb art.

b. Silk threads on Egyptian mummies.

According to the tradition of the Kebra Negast, the Solomonids inherited what sacred object? a. The True Cross b. The Ark of the Covenant c. The Robe of Muhammad d. The Shroud of Turin

b. The Ark of the Covenant

Forager clans and tribes had to retreat southward and adapt to the harsh environmental conditions when ____________. a. Neanderthal hunting parties infringed on the forests controlled by Homo sapiens groups. b. The Ice Age hit their dwelling places. c. Ash from a volcanic eruption dimmed the rays of the sun and dinosaurs began to die. d. The climate suddenly began to warm and the polar icecaps began to melt.

b. The Ice Age hit their dwelling places.

How do the Sunni and Shia differ in their interpretation of Islam? a. Sunni offer extra prayers to Khadija. b. The Shia consider the authority of Ali's descendants absolute and infallible. c. The Sunni offer twenty percent alms. d. The Shia offer prayers only at noon.

b. The Shia consider the authority of Ali's descendants absolute and infallible.

One feature of the Toltec state was its emphasis on war in culture, best exhibited by which of the following? a. The use of mummification. b. The sacrifice of captured warriors. c. The use of copper for decorative objects. d. A new temple in the city center.

b. The sacrifice of captured warriors.

Although the Aztecs built quite a large empire, not all neighboring states submitted, including the Nahuatl state of a. Tarasco. b. Tlaxcala. c. Oaxaca. d. Tlatelolco.

b. Tlaxcala.

Chontal traders adopted whose culture and imported it to Chichen Itzá? a. Aztec b. Toltec c. Pueblo d. Teotihuacán

b. Toltec

Who briefly made Buddhism the state religion of Tang China? a. Li Bai b. Wu Zetian c. An Lushan d. Yongle

b. Wu Zetian

Judaism adopted the idea of an apocalypse from a. Plato. b. Zoroastrianism. c. Christianity. d. Rome.

b. Zoroastrianism.

Wari and Tiwanaku share many similarities as ceremonial centers, but Wari's relationship with its colonies was more a. passive. b. active. c. violent. d. symbolic.

b. active.

Most of the tax revenue for the Mauryans came from taxes on a. Buddhist monasteries. b. agricultural harvests. c. Hindu temples. d. Silk Road caravans.

b. agricultural harvests.

The primary weapon of the Aztec army was the a. mace. b. bow and arrow. c. club. d. battle axe.

b. bow and arrow.

Vijayanagar was abandoned when defeated by northern sultanates armed with a. catapults b. cannon c. chain mail d. cavalry

b. cannon

Which of the following was a factor in the famine of the early fourteenth century? a. disintegration of wood plows b. higher population c. reliance on peasant labor d. increased reliance on non-grain crops

b. higher population

The Assyrian army utilized armor, helmets, and weapons made out of a. steel. b. iron. c. bronze. d. obsidian.

b. iron.

In Shang society, social rank was based on a. the amount of land farmed. b. military power. c. being chosen by gods. d. the size of cattle herds.

b. military power.

Mansa Musa of Mali brought Iberian architects to Timbuktu to build a a. law court. b. mosque. c. slave market. d. palace.

b. mosque.

Ancient Chinese writing consisted of two basic types of characters: a. mimeographs and hectographs b. pictographs and ideographs c. ideographs and mimeographs d. pictographs and hectographs

b. pictographs and ideographs

The three-field system made fields more fertile by doing which of the following? a. planting two fields and leaving one field fallow b. planting grains in two fields and timber in the third c. planting all three fields but only harvesting two d. harvesting a third of the crops in each field

b. planting grains in two fields and timber in the third c.

The most far-reaching agricultural innovation in the area south of the North China Plain was the development of: a. corn b. rice c. barley d. millet

b. rice

The West Africa to China trade network in which the Mamluks played such a crucial role began with the West African trade in a. dyes and pitch. b. slaves and gold. c. furs and silk. d. lumber and cotton.

b. slaves and gold.

The Ecuadorians imported copper from Peru and used it mostly for personal items, such as jewelry that was used to denote a. artisanal status. b. social rank. c. sanctity. d. military prowess.

b. social rank.

Client States are: a. states that are constantly at war with more powerful ones b. states that are dependent on or partially controlled by more powerful ones c. states that are independent from more powerful ones d. states that seek to compete with more powerful ones

b. states that are dependent on or partially controlled by more powerful ones

To defend their power, Mesopotamian kings claimed that their authority to rule was derived from a. their intelligence. b. the gods. c. their weapons. d. their wealth.

b. the gods.

What artistic endeavor were presented at festivals honoring the Greek Dionysian cult? a. sculpture b. theater c. painting d. singing

b. theater

The Aztecs built Tenochtitlán and Tlatelolco in the fourteenth century; what are those? a. royal roads b. palaces c. temple d. islands

islands

The Clovis points are fluted oval spearheads found in

b. North America.

The Taíno of Hispaniola borrowed or shared what cultural tradition form the Maya?

ballgame

The Song Dynasty synthesis from 960 - 1279 joined Confucianism and Daoism with a. agriculturalism. b. Gnosticism. c. Buddhism. d. dualism.

c. Buddhism.

Along with painting and poetry, _________ was considered one of the "three excellences" (sanjue) of the scholar. a. Music. b. Philosophy. c. Calligraphy.

c. Calligraphy.

The original term "jati", or "caste," means: a. "To be rejected." b. "To be burned." c. "To be born into." d. "To be a beggar."

c. "To be born into."

The central character in the Epic of Gilgamesh is: a. A high priestess who wonders why the goddess of love has abandoned her. b. A pharaoh who escapes death by becoming the living embodiment of Horus. c. A king in early Sumer who carries out heroic deeds but fails to escape death. d. A hero who introduces fire to humans and is punished by the gods for doing so.

c. A king in early Sumer who carries out heroic deeds but fails to escape death.

What was recorded on the Twelve Tablets of Rome in 450 B.C.E.? a. The story of the city's founding b. Divine oracles c. A law code d. A list of Etruscan kings

c. A law code

Adelard of Bath, in the early twelfth century, translated many Greek scientific texts from a. Latin. b. Greek. c. Arabic. d. Persian.

c. Arabic.

In 27 B.C.E. the Senate bestowed what name on Octavian, after he ended the civil wars that had plagued the Republic? a. King of Kings b. Caesar c. Augustus d. Triumvir

c. Augustus

China's feeling of oppression during Mongol rule under the Yuan Dynasty was compounded by what fourteenth century natural disaster? a. Tsunamis in the Sea of Japan. b. Earthquakes in Yunnan. c. Bubonic Plague. d. Yangzi River flooding.

c. Bubonic Plague.

Most historians would agree that geography is a ____________ factor, among many others, in determining how a civilization develops. a. Destined. b. Temporary. c. Conditional . d. Sufficient.

c. Conditional .

In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna's charioteer, actually the god Krishna in disguise, reminds him of the need to fulfill his duty according to _____________ ("that which is firm"). a. Atman. b. Samsara. c. Dharma. d. Vedanta.

c. Dharma.

The Bhagavad Gita advocates: a. Challenging the arrangement of the "varnas" and smash the barriers between them. b. Marrying across class lines in order to promote moksha, or release from the karmic cycle. c. Doing one's duty in accordance with one's place in society. d. Daily bathing in the Indus River to remove internal impurities.

c. Doing one's duty in accordance with one's place in society.

In the thirteenth century, the Italians claimed what western Mediterranean port from Muslim control? a. Cape Verde Islands b. Crete c. Gibraltar d. Sicily

c. Gibraltar

Rome had its own patron god in Jupiter but later also adopted the pantheon of gods from a. Phoenicia. b. Persia. c. Greece. d. Babylon.

c. Greece.

The earliest Aryan migrants may have introduced the ________ to northern India, which became useful for drawing wagons and in battle chariots. a. Elephant. b. Bull. c. Horse. d. Donkey.

c. Horse.

Why did Alexander and his army burn down the royal palace of Persepolis in 330 B.C.E.? a. To prevent the Achaemenids from rebuilding their treasury. b. To find the hidden Persian gold and vast collected tribute. c. In revenge for the Persian destruction of the Acropolis.

c. In revenge for the Persian destruction of the Acropolis.

After Saladin recaptured Jerusalem in 1187, what allowed the Christian Crusader kingdom to remain until 1291? a. Knights Templar from Jerusalem were able to protect it. b. The Muslims were too divided to fully conquer it. c. Italian and Syrian Muslim merchants used it as a trade hub. d. The Visigoths from Spain sent reinforcements.

c. Italian and Syrian Muslim merchants used it as a trade hub.

Homo sapiens buried their dead with what kind of grave gift? a. Mummified pets b. Models of canoes c. Jewelry d. Fur blankets

c. Jewelry

The Sultana Raziya of Delhi welcomed Muslim refugees fleeing whose conquests in the thirteenth century? a. Muhammad of Ghur b. Chola c. Mongols d. Mahmud of Ghazna

c. Mongols

A money economy emerges in Nubia when what is introduced to the area? a. Arab craftsmen b. Refugees from Aksum c. Muslim merchants d. Christian missionaries

c. Muslim merchants

Charles Martel of the Carolingians acquired the name Martel, "the Hammer," because of his military victory over whom at the Battle of Tours? a. Vikings b. Merovingians c. Muslims d. Magyars

c. Muslims

Mahmud of Ghazna began his rise to power by serving a(n) _________ overlord. a. Arab b. Hindu c. Persian d. Byzantine

c. Persian

In addition to its formidable army, the Persians also had a navy with ___________ made ships. a. Libyan b. Median c. Phoenician d. Babylonian

c. Phoenician

Even today, the written character for "family" or "household" is represented by a character depicting a _______________. a. Child in a cradle. b. Fire in a hearth. c. Pig under a roof. d. Woman in a kitchen.

c. Pig under a roof.

The Mahabharata: a. Was not intended as a source of religious doctrine. b. Was designed primarily to give comfort to the forest dwellers c. Provides guidance to those struggling with conflicting civil, social, and religious duties. d. Is the world's longest poem, only slightly shorter than the Christian New Testament.

c. Provides guidance to those struggling with conflicting civil, social, and religious duties.

Ashoka told his own story and outlined his Buddhist-inspired ideas for proper behavior in the form of _____________. a. Conversations with Nagasena. b. The Arthashastra. c. Rock and pillar edicts set up in his kingdom. d. The Kama Sutra.

c. Rock and pillar edicts set up in his kingdom.

Justinian did much to revive the Eastern Roman Empire in the sixth century including a reorganization of what system into three texts? a. Greek education b. Christine doctrine c. Roman law d. Byzantine military training

c. Roman law

Why did the Romans stop their trade with the Gupta? a. The later Gupta emperors closed the Silk Road. b. The Gupta did not have any goods the Romans wanted. c. Romans could not afford to send any more gold or silver to India. d. The Romans wanted to focus on more trade with Parthia.

c. Romans could not afford to send any more gold or silver to India.

In the Indo-European language system, the German word "Vater," "father," is related to the _____________ word "pitar". a. Latin. b. Persian. c. Sanskrit. d. Akkadian.

c. Sanskrit.

Where does a Muslim go to find the principle of Sharia? a. The Umayyad law code b. The biography of Muhammad c. The Quran and legal commentaries d. The Old Testament and Quran

c. The Quran and legal commentaries

What is the connection between trade on the White Nile and the state revenues of the Nubians? a. The king of Nubia controlled what goods were traded on the river. b. Merchants from the White Nile trade had to give the king of Nubia half their profits. c. The state collected a tax on merchant caravans en route on the river. d. The Nubian king's personal property included vineyards for the wine trade.

c. The state collected a tax on merchant caravans en route on the river.

In the Mamluk re-interpretation of the 652 treaty between Arabs and Nubians, what did Mamluk Egyptian leaders demand of Nubia? a. The daughters of the Nubian king were forced to marry Mamluks. b. The construction of a mosque in every Nubian village or town. c. Tribute, especially in the form of slaves. d. Complete and immediate submission to Mamluk authority.

c. Tribute, especially in the form of slaves.

Kennewick Man was discovered in what part of the Americas? a. Canada b. Chile c. United States d. Brazil

c. United States

Material evidence for trade between settlers along the Baltic and southern Europeans, during the Ice Age thawing period, c. 16,500 - 12,500 years ago, includes: a. grave stones b. weaving looms c. amber beads d. boomerangs

c. amber beads

By this time, southern India's Indian Ocean trade had grown highly profitable from the spice trade in such rare spices as nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and cloves, but especially________, a spice which would drive what ultimately became the world's first global trading system. a. mint b. caraway seed c. black pepper d. mustard seed

c. black pepper

In southern Africa, social hierarchy and power was based on the size of one's a. crop yields. b. property. c. cattle herd. d. family.

c. cattle herd.

One of Hammurabi's most significant acts as king of Babylonia was to a. declare himself a god. b. force all his subjects to build him a tomb. c. create and publicize a law code. d. invade Egypt and declare himself pharaoh.

c. create and publicize a law code.

Muhammad ibn Tughluq was called "Muhammad the Bloody" in part because of his harsh treatment of enemies and because he: a. forced Hindus to convert to Islam. b. seized local women for his court. c. demanded very high taxes. d. exiled Hindu Brahmans.

c. demanded very high taxes.

According to legend, Tang poet Li Bai died when he a. went on pilgrimage along the Silk Road to Persia. b. cavorted with his favorite mistress in bed. c. drowned trying to embrace the moon. d. joined the army in an invasion of Korea.

c. drowned trying to embrace the moon.

The geometric system of the planets devised by Claudius Ptolemy in the second century C.E. put what at the center of the system? a. God b. moon c. earth d. sun

c. earth

The Toltecs declined as an urban military power when what taxable item declined in production? a. textiles b. bronze c. grain d. obsidian

c. grain

Sima Tan and Sima Qian gained prominence in Han China in what profession? a. agricultural inventions b. painting c. history writing d. military conquests

c. history writing

The gods of the Aztecs, such as Huitzilopochtli, demanded what offering as nourishment? a. cacao b. eagle feathers c. human blood d. water

c. human blood

In 726 Byzantine emperor Leo III attempted to reform Christian practice by banning the use of a. Greek. b. music. c. icons. d. leavened bread.

c. icons.

The economic center of China shifted to South China because of a. too many invasions in the north. b. a lack of population in the south. c. intensive rice farming. d. excessive flooding in the south.

c. intensive rice farming. d.

A dramatic change in transportation crossing the Sahara began in the early centuries of the common era with the a. invention of the saddle. b. adoption of new, larger horses. c. introduction of the camel. d. use of Roman maps by Berbers.

c. introduction of the camel.

Marius's reforms were successful because he opened up the army to a. barbarians. b. slaves. c. landless men. d. captured Greeks.

c. landless men.

One of the most important sources of proteins in the areas surrounding Lake Titicaca was from a. sheep. b. buffalo. c. llamas. d. cattle.

c. llamas.

The most important navigational improvement to European shipping in the twelfth century was the adoption of the a. double rows of oars. b. lateen sail. c. magnetic compass. d. stern-post rudder.

c. magnetic compass.

Merovingian kings used what to unify Gaul and restore political order in the fifth century? a. mass enslavements b. economic prosperity c. military force d. religious cohesion

c. military force

The northern half of the East African coast receives most of its rain in the summer from what weather pattern? a. El Niño b. Jet Stream c. monsoons d. Gulf Stream

c. monsoons

After the Battle of Kalinga, and his conversion to Buddhism, Ashoka adopted the doctrine of a. revelation. b. celibacy. c. non-violence. d. silence.

c. non-violence.

Toltec weapons incorporated what important mineral used for a sharp edge? a. quartz b. limestone c. obsidian d. iron

c. obsidian

Coptic Christians believe that Christ was a. more human than divine. b. fully human without any divinity. c. only a divine figure. d. half human, half divine.

c. only a divine figure.

The Bradshaws of northwest Australia are examples of what aspect of Aborigine culture? a. burial sites b. canoes c. rock paintings d. spears and spear throwers

c. rock paintings

In addition to Buddhism, the most profound intellectual influences from India on the surrounding regions were in the realm of________. a. fashion b. dance c. science d. music

c. science

The Levallois area of Paris provided the first evidence of what technological development? a. clothing b. pottery c. spear points d. jewelry

c. spear points

What text would one read to find information on the Culture Heroes and the Sage Kings? a. the Shijing b. the Chunqiu c. the Shujing d. the Zuo Zhuan

c. the Shujing

A moldboard was a feature and technological development of what device? a. the cart b. armor c. the plow d. the watermill

c. the plow

In 109 B.C.E. the Parthians replaced the Seleucids as the new Persian dynasty by taking possession of what? a. the Ural Mountains b. the sacred Zoroastrian flame c. the title King of Kings d. Persepolis

c. the title King of Kings

The Jacquerie of France in 1358 was a revolt of a. university students. b. Jews. c. the urban poor and peasants. d. feudal soldiers.

c. the urban poor and peasants.

Archaeologists working in the 1990s discovered the earliest version of the Mayan _________ at Tabasco, Oaxaca.

calendar

One of the oldest examples of an early American mound, similar to those from Adena, was found at Labrador and was built c. 7500 years ago to be a

child's grave.

Early Chavín had a beer made from Selected Answer:

corn.

People at Chavín combined wool from llamas with what other fiber to produce a blended cloth? Selected Answer:

cotton

According to an Aztec foundation myth, the first Aztec was born 150 leagues northwest of the Mexican Valley in what geographic feature? a. A salt mine b. A volcano c. The desert d. A mountain cave

d. A mountain cave

Sasanian Persians left their homeland in 674 to settle in Chang'an to avoid being captured by a. Crusaders b. Mongols c. Zoroastrians d. Arabs

d. Arabs

The Abbasid caliphs moved the capital of the Islamic Empire to a. Mecca. b. Damascus. c. Cairo. d. Baghdad.

d. Baghdad.

In the tenth century the Byzantine Empire began to recover land, including taking the Balkans away from the: a. Turks. b. Russians. c. Greeks. d. Bulgars.

d. Bulgars.

The Hyksos introduced what military technology to Egypt? a. Sandals b. Leather armor c. Bronze weapons d. Chariots

d. Chariots

Mesopotamian cuneiform script was usually written on what material? a. Paper b. Papyrus c. Linen d. Clay

d. Clay

The Red Eyebrow revolt against Wang Mang was led by a secret _________ society. a. Legalist b. Buddhist c. Confucianist d. Daoist

d. Daoist

The idea of kama, as encapsulated in the later Kama Sutra, included the _________________ a wide variety of sexual pleasures by men and women. a. Ascetic renunciation of. b. Dangers inherent to. c. Public demonstration of. d. Enjoyment of.

d. Enjoyment of.

Anti-Jewish feelings and violence increased after what eleventh century event? a. Norman invasion of England b. Founding of the Cistercian Order c. Creation of the first University d. First Crusade

d. First Crusade

Paleolithic peoples used swan bones for what creative purpose? a. Paint brushes b. Body piercings c. Clothing ornaments d. Flutes

d. Flutes

The _____ era is considered to be the classical age of Indian culture and religion. a. Kushan b. Indo-Bactrian c. Mauryan d. Gupta

d. Gupta

The Hasmonean or Maccabean kingdom of the Jews revolted against what cultural influence? a. Romanization b. monotheism c. monism d. Hellenization

d. Hellenization

According to Hindu beliefs, what is "Bharat"? a. Devotion to one god through temple worship b. The whole pantheon of deities c. All human beings alive at any given moment d. India as a land united by faith

d. India as a land united by faith

One measure of Tang expansion and dominance in Asia were the Taika, or Great Reforms, modeled on the Tang government, which were adopted by what Asian state in 645? a. Korea b. Manchuria c. Vietnam d. Japan

d. Japan

The Code of Hammurabi calls for extreme punishments according to the principle of _________ ("an eye for an eye"). a. Lex agraria. b. Lex Julia. c. Lex dura. d. Lex talionis.

d. Lex talionis.

In c. 1450 B.C.E. the Mycenaeans conquered what other Mediterranean state? a. Phoenicians b. Palestine c. Hittites d. Minoan Crete

d. Minoan Crete

What was Pharaoh Khufu's contribution to Egyptian history? a. Trade with Sinai b. A law code c. An all-Nubian army d. Pyramids

d. Pyramids

Abbasid scholars drew on many philosophical traditions, and for developing a single law code they turned to whom for a model? a. Arabs b. Visigoths c. Persians d. Romans

d. Romans

By the eighth century, Kiev in the Ukraine had been settled by the "Rus", people of what origin? a. Turkic b. Bulgar c. Uzbek d. Scandinavian

d. Scandinavian

According to the Kebra Negast, the Solomonid Dynasty was descended from Solomon of the Hebrews and the Queen of _________. a. Aksum b. Jerusalem c. France d. Sheba

d. Sheba

The term formalism is used to describe: a. The belief that the Brahmans were responsible for training the other varnas in the best forms. b. The belief that the formulas for rituals were always effective, as long as the speaker was sincere. c. The notion that wearing proper robes and headgear was necessary to perform rituals effectively. d. The belief that only the pure and proper forms of rituals were effective.

d. The belief that only the pure and proper forms of rituals were effective.

Why did the Aztecs continually threaten to wage war on enemy states? a. To obtain new soldiers to train. b. To obtain men to marry Aztec women. c. To obtain protection from Tlaxcala. d. To obtain prisoners for sacrifice.

d. To obtain prisoners for sacrifice.

Why were the Umayyads able to build so many monuments and libraries in Córdoba? a. The Mediterranean slave trade b. Salt trade with Rome c. Tribute from Visigothic kings d. Trans-Saharan gold trade

d. Trans-Saharan gold trade

One of the most important contributions of Deutero-Isaiah to Judaism was his declaration that a. women are not allowed in the Temple. b. all believers must leave Palestine. c. God no longer wants sacrifices. d. Yahweh is the only god of the Jews.

d. Yahweh is the only god of the Jews.

What did the Swahili king of Malindi send to the Ming Emperor Yongle via the traveler Zheng He? a. gold bars b. a wife c. a wild boar d. a giraffe

d. a giraffe

One of the Han Wudi's concerns was to suppress the Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples where? a. on the southern coast of China b. in northern Korea c. in the Yellow River basin d. along the Silk Road

d. along the Silk Road

Chicha, a beer imported to the region around Lake Titicaca, was made from a. potatoes. b. llama's milk. c. wheat. d. corn.

d. corn.

In the new religion formed by the guru Nanak in the fifteenth century, what does the term Sikh mean? a. love b. law giver c. submission d. disciple

d. disciple

According to tradition, the culture hero Fuxi discovered writing by observing symbols a. tattooed on his arms. b. in the clouds. c. in a dream. d. etched on a turtle.

d. etched on a turtle.

As a classical language, Sanskrit was used in a staggering variety of works of poetry, prose, and drama, as well as in the Puranas, which were______________. a. manuals for living b. medical texts c. war treatises d. genealogies and histories

d. genealogies and histories

At the museum of Alexandria, the most developed branch of the sciences was a. theology. b. poetry. c. music. d. geometry.

d. geometry.

Southern Africa was the first place in the interior to connect to the Swahili trade networks because of what trade good? a. gold b. elephant meat c. glass beads d. ivory

d. ivory

In the feudal system that arose in ninth century Frankia, what was the basic service that vassals owed their lords? a. building schools b. holding law courts c. farming productively d. military defense

d. military defense

"Boon work" in the manorial system was free labor provided for the head of the manor by a. itinerant labor. b. royal servants. c. monks. d. peasants.

d. peasants.

The Kharijis developed trade ports along the East African coast, and initially concentrated on trade in a. gold. b. sugar. c. ivory. d. slaves.

d. slaves.

In Sparta, the most important occupation of Spartan men was as a a. magistrate. b. farmer. c. merchant. d. soldier.

d. soldier.

The most important mit'a obligation to the Incan state during the building of the empire was to serve as a a. farmer. b. priest. c. scribe. d. soldier.

d. soldier.

What beverage was introduced to Tang China from Southeast Asia and became popular internally and for trade? a. grape wine b. coffee c. orange juice d. tea

d. tea

Muhammad's family were guardians of a. Yemeni oasis. b. the city of Yathrib. c. Dome of the Rock. d. the Ka'ba sanctuary.

d. the Ka'ba sanctuary.

The ultimate result of the investiture controversy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was an increase in a. trade in the empire. b. the number of priests. c. the emperor's power. d. the pope's power.

d. the pope's power.

The sample of Olmec writing discovered in 2006 reveals that the Olmec used a writing system very similar to the one of the later Maya.

false

Although a few forager peoples retreated before the Bantus, most converted to

farming

Aksum backed its currency with what commodity? Selected Answer:

gold

Artifacts made of what special metal were found in Chavín graves and identify some of its people as more wealthy than others?

gold

Aksum's most famous monumental constructions were carved stelae made of

granite

In the unified Nubian kingdom that was created c. 700 C.E., what language was used for the different titles of administrator? a. Arabic b. Greek c. Latin d. Bantu

greek

To commemorate and honor the Feathered Serpent God, the rulers of Teotihuacán built him a temple and sacrificed ________ to consecrate it.

humans

As metallurgy developed rather late in Mesoamerica, what was used for ornamental objects instead of gold?

jade

The main sacrifice performed by the Maya to honor the gods was a blood gift taken from a(n)

king.

What kind of evidence leads scholars to think that the people of Oceania originated in Taiwan?

linguistic comparisons

What was the most important trade good exchanged among the islands of the Lapita Culture?

obsidian

After large game became scarce c. 8000 B.C.E., spear points in the Americas were increasingly made of Selected Answer:

obsidian.

What kind of orchards were planted along the Nile in Nubia to help the farmers capture and anchor the silt from the annual floods? a. palm b. cypress c. apple

palm

"Lapita Ware" refers to what archaeological artifacts?

pottery

The shift form the Paracas chiefdoms to the Nazca chiefdoms is marked by a change in the manufacture of Selected Answer:

pottery.

What role did the yam and taro play in the settling of the islands of the Pacific?

provided a durable food for long ocean voyages

African spiritualist beliefs studied at Bantu dispersal sites indicate that they felt the need to perform regular rituals to keep which of the following cycles in sync?

renewal and disintegration

The summer floods of the Nile River in Nubia usually end in what month? a. September b. June c. August d. July

september

In order to make land ready for planting corn, what did the Olmec have to do with the lowlands?

slash and burn

Mayan villages built up farmland in the Yucatán peninsula to support agriculture based on what key crops?

squash and beans

· Question 20 1 out of 1 points The Marajó culture of South America, which dates to c. 500 B.C.E., was located in

the Amazon River.

Why are there so few graves with human remains at La Venta? Selected Answer:

the acidic soil dissolves the bones

The Inuit used boats for whaling expeditions that were made out of

walrus ribs.

Meroë began to lose economic prominence as it exhausted its supply of what materials, which were needed to smelt iron? Selected Answer:

wood

Most rainforest areas south of the Sahara were converted to agricultural fields that grew palms or

yams.