Finals Review pt.8 *Urinary System*

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

3

major calyx

The cavity formed by the convergence of several minor calyces, which drain urine from the minor calyxes into the renal pelvis

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"?

filtration

The region known as the macula densa is part of

the distal convoluted tubule.

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle.

The filtration of plasma takes place in the

renal corpuscle.

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

renal papilla

tip of renal pyramid

In the nephron loop,

two-thirds of the sodium and chloride ions remaining in the tubular fluid are reabsorbed.

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

ureter

Organs of the urinary system that are actively involved with urine transport are the

urethra and ureters.

Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the

urethra.

Urine is temporarily stored by the

urinary bladder.

The ________ is a capillary bed that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

vasa recta

Major calyces are

drains that combine to form the renal pelvis.

Which of the following statements is false regarding micturition?

Stretch receptors in the bladder are stimulated by the warm temperature of the urine.

Which is true regarding the general characteristics of normal urine?

The osmolarity of normal urine ranges from 855 - 1335 mOsm/L.

________ is the most abundant organic waste.

Urea

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

active transport.

renal pelvis

central collecting region in the kidney

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

cortex

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

cotransport with Na and K ions.

The proximal convoluted tubule cells are

cuboidal cells with microvilli.

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?

decreased glomerular filtration rate

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole.

Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree except the ________ system.

endocrine

Which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle?

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

The term incontinence refers to the

inability to control urination voluntarily.

renal medulla

inner portion of the kidney

Reabsorbed water and solutes enter into the

peritubular fluid.

The majority of water is reabsorbed by osmosis in the

proximal convoluted tubule.