Fine Art 101 (Exam 1)
Newton's color circle served as the precedent for the ___________color wheel and foundation of color theory in art
12-Point
Expressionism is a modern art movement marked by distortion and exaggeration of visual elements as a vehicle to achieve ________.
A Visceral Response
Grays that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white are called _________________.
Achromatic
Unlike oil paint, __________ is fast drying and can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation.
Acrylic
Which medium is a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle?
Acrylic
A solid form has ________ mass and occupies three-dimensional space.
Actual
_________ texture is related to the materials used to create the work.
Actual
Atmospheric perspective, also known as ____________ perspective
Aerial
Design or composition is a process-the act of organizing the visual elements to affect a desired ________ end in a work of art.
Aesteti
Pop artist ________ said, "How can you say one style is better than another? You ought to be able to be an Abstract-Expressionist next week, or a Pop artist, or a realist, without feeling you've given up something."
Andy Warhol
In works of art, shapes are defined as the areas within a composition that have ________ that separate them from what surrounds them.
Boundaries
An outline is an actual line—a concrete mark that defines a __________.
Boundary
The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink. It is a solution of ________.
Carbon Black and Water
Style generally refers to distinctive ____________of art and architecture that are common to a culture, era, or to a group of artists working at the same time or toward a common artistic goal
Characteristics
The controlled charring of special hard woods forms this drawing material.
Charcoal
What name identifies the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tones across a curved surface—a technique often used to create the illusion of three dimensions in two-dimensional media
Chiaroscuro
Because it informs us not only of the materials and technical means commonly used during certain periods in history, but can also embody the ideas, beliefs, and aspirations of an era, architecture can be rich in ________.
Content
The ________ of a work of art is the why of a work of art in that it includes what we might consider the reasons behind its appearance: the idea, the cultural and artistic contexts, and the meaning behind the symbolism
Content
Conté is one of the most popular forms of this material.
Crayon
Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines are called _____________.
Crosshatching
When you make or observe an outline, you are describing or suggesting the ________ of a form or a shape.
Edge
Color and value contrast are two devices that can be manipulated to provide __________.
Emphasis
______________on a particular area or image in a composition can be affected when several of its components direct the viewer's gaze toward a focal point
Emphasis
In____________distortion and exaggeration of form, color, brushwork, texture, and other elements are often used as a vehicle for expressing the sentiments of the artist.
Expressionism
________ can be defined as a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"—a style that conveys the psychological and emotional state of the artist.
Expressionism
A contour line is an actual line that defines a boundary or outer edge.
False
A monochromatic color scheme features two dominant hues
False
Actual texture is not tactile; it is simulated.
False
Artists do not distort textures to communicate their own feelings.
False
Leonardo was more interested in shape, using the contrast and gradations of line and texture—a technique called chiaroscuro to create the illusion of three-dimensionality on the two-dimensional surface.
False
Nonobjective art is often used as a synonym for realism, and begins with objects in the visible world
False
Photographs cannot be mediated and manipulated by the photographer; the "truth" of the image should not be challenged.
False
Psychological line suggests an actual connection—a visible linear path—between or among elements or characters in a composition.
False
The subject, form, and content of works of art are not evident if the artist uses the elements of art, design principles, mediums, techniques, and style. More information is needed.
False
Value contrast refers to the difference between circles and squares.
False
Gestalt psychologists have noted that shapes can be ambiguous to encourage ________ reversals with viewers
Figure-Ground
The ________ of a work refers to its totality as a composition or design.
Form
Investigating a work of arts' symbolism enriches our understanding of the ____________ of the work.
Form and Content
_____________ sculpture occupies three-dimensional space; it is sculpture that one can walk around or otherwise observe from every angle.
Freestanding
In true ________ the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster, artists must work in small sections, preparing a surface that can be completed in a single day.
Fresco
Today the word "cartoon" usually means a humorous or satirical picture; originally the word referred to ________.
Full-scale preliminary drawings for larger scale works such as fresco paintings
________________ are categories of subjects with which artist work in.
Genres
Both rectilinear and curvilinear shapes can also be described as __________in that they may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision.
Geometric
Value contrast refers to the degrees of difference between shades of __________.
Gray
The technique of chiaroscuro reached the peak of perfection during the ___________ in Italy
High Renaissance
________ is the study of themes and symbols— figures and images that, deciphered, reveal the underlying meaning of a work of art
Iconography
______________ shapes are radical alterations of visible reality—simplifications, exaggerations, or transmutations—that sometimes bear little resemblance to the original entities from which they were derived
Implied
___________time is the portrayal or suggestion of the passage or duration of time.
Implied
In works with ________, the viewer perceives discontinuous lines as continuous.
Implied Line
The illusionistic space of a two-dimensional composition is sometimes called__________.
Implied Space
Modeling on a two-dimensional surface is the creation of the illusion of roundness, or three dimensions, through the use of ________.
Light and Shadow
It is _____________ that describes objects and separates them from each other and the surrounding space in a composition.
Line
_____________ perspective refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.
Linear
The ________ of a line is its length and its width.
Measure
Which material provides fluency and pliability to the paint?
Medium
The work of the Futurists represents an exaggeration, an extreme in the depiction of ____________.
Movement
________ art does not begin with objects in the visible world
Nonobjective
The ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium?
Oil
Ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder creates this drawing material.
Pastel
Texture can be used in concert with __________, which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as line, shape, color, or texture
Pattern
This medium is capable of combining the gestural vitality of the pen line with a watery quality.
Pen and Wash
A___________ consists of a mixture of graphite powder (a form of carbon) and clay that is baked and hardened and encased in wood or paper.
Pencil
The color in paint derives from its ________.
Pigment
One of the earliest artists to be credited with the derivation of a canon of proportions is ________.
Polykleitos
________ is the comparative relationship, or ratio, of things to one another.
Proportion
Which kind of balance is achieved when the design elements radiate out from a center point?
Radial Balance
Broadly speaking, ________ refers to the portrayal of people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization and without distortion.
Realism
Two-point perspective is used to represent the ___________of objects that are seen from an angle, or obliquely
Recession
Rhythm in the arts is created by__________.
Repetition
The term ____________ is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism.
Representational
The discovery of graphite in the 1500's helped to largely replace _____________.
Silverpoint
With this drawing implement, the artist draws by dragging a silver-tipped implement over a surface coated with a ground of bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment.
Silverpoint
The earliest use of which medium was in prehistoric cave painting?
Spray Paint
In the visual arts, ________ is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design
Style
Leonardo da Vinci's Proportions of the Human Figure is an example of ________.
Symmetry
Which technique uses a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water?
Tempera
An artist may manipulate the characteristics of the quality of a line to create an illusion of __________.
Texture
The goal of visual ___________is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures.
Texture
Polykleitos's Canon of Proportions refers to ________.
The Ideal Human Body
The Greeks found further meaning in the golden rectangle by relating it to another form found in nature
The Spiral
The literal meaning of the French phrase trompe l'oeil is ________.
Trick of the Eye
Arbitrary color does not accurately reflect the visible reality of things.
True
Artistic techniques are methods—the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied.
True
Frank Gehry, the architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (Fig. 2-22), refers to his work as a metallic flower.
True
Impasto is a layer of thickly applied pigment.
True
The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures.
True
The push-pull effect between the figure and ground creates a composition that is dynamic rather than static.
True
The term representational is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism.
True
In which painting technique is paint applied to damp lime plaster?
True Fresco
________ is a progression from light to dark.
Value
______________refers to the relative degree of lightness or darkness of a surface or a color
Value
In one-point perspective, parallel lines converge at a single ________ on the horizon
Vanishing Point
Which material is the binding agent of paint?
Vehicle
Artists use location—also known as _________positioning—in their compositions as a strategy to signify depth.
Vertical
____________texture is the illusion of an actual texture.
Visual
White does not exist in this painting technique; white must be derived by allowing the white of the paper to "shine" through.
Watercolor
________ is the technique name commonly used for aquarelle.
Watercolor
____________ moves easily over a surface, creating lines that have a characteristic sheen.
Wax Crayon
The word texture derives from the Latin for ________
Weaving
On opposite ends of the value spectrum are __________and black.
White