Fine Art 101 (Exam 1)

Newton's color circle served as the precedent for the ___________color wheel and foundation of color theory in art

12-Point

Expressionism is a modern art movement marked by distortion and exaggeration of visual elements as a vehicle to achieve ________.

A Visceral Response

Grays that are achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white are called _________________.

Achromatic

Unlike oil paint, __________ is fast drying and can be used on a variety of surfaces that need no special preparation.

Acrylic

Which medium is a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle?

Acrylic

A solid form has ________ mass and occupies three-dimensional space.

Actual

_________ texture is related to the materials used to create the work.

Actual

Atmospheric perspective, also known as ____________ perspective

Aerial

Design or composition is a process-the act of organizing the visual elements to affect a desired ________ end in a work of art.

Aesteti

Pop artist ________ said, "How can you say one style is better than another? You ought to be able to be an Abstract-Expressionist next week, or a Pop artist, or a realist, without feeling you've given up something."

Andy Warhol

In works of art, shapes are defined as the areas within a composition that have ________ that separate them from what surrounds them.

Boundaries

An outline is an actual line—a concrete mark that defines a __________.

Boundary

The oldest known type of ink is India or China ink. It is a solution of ________.

Carbon Black and Water

Style generally refers to distinctive ____________of art and architecture that are common to a culture, era, or to a group of artists working at the same time or toward a common artistic goal

Characteristics

The controlled charring of special hard woods forms this drawing material.

Charcoal

What name identifies the technique of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tones across a curved surface—a technique often used to create the illusion of three dimensions in two-dimensional media

Chiaroscuro

Because it informs us not only of the materials and technical means commonly used during certain periods in history, but can also embody the ideas, beliefs, and aspirations of an era, architecture can be rich in ________.

Content

The ________ of a work of art is the why of a work of art in that it includes what we might consider the reasons behind its appearance: the idea, the cultural and artistic contexts, and the meaning behind the symbolism

Content

Conté is one of the most popular forms of this material.

Crayon

Dense patterns of crisscrossed lines are called _____________.

Crosshatching

When you make or observe an outline, you are describing or suggesting the ________ of a form or a shape.

Edge

Color and value contrast are two devices that can be manipulated to provide __________.

Emphasis

______________on a particular area or image in a composition can be affected when several of its components direct the viewer's gaze toward a focal point

Emphasis

In____________distortion and exaggeration of form, color, brushwork, texture, and other elements are often used as a vehicle for expressing the sentiments of the artist.

Expressionism

________ can be defined as a style that reflects a subjective, "inner world"—a style that conveys the psychological and emotional state of the artist.

Expressionism

A contour line is an actual line that defines a boundary or outer edge.

False

A monochromatic color scheme features two dominant hues

False

Actual texture is not tactile; it is simulated.

False

Artists do not distort textures to communicate their own feelings.

False

Leonardo was more interested in shape, using the contrast and gradations of line and texture—a technique called chiaroscuro to create the illusion of three-dimensionality on the two-dimensional surface.

False

Nonobjective art is often used as a synonym for realism, and begins with objects in the visible world

False

Photographs cannot be mediated and manipulated by the photographer; the "truth" of the image should not be challenged.

False

Psychological line suggests an actual connection—a visible linear path—between or among elements or characters in a composition.

False

The subject, form, and content of works of art are not evident if the artist uses the elements of art, design principles, mediums, techniques, and style. More information is needed.

False

Value contrast refers to the difference between circles and squares.

False

Gestalt psychologists have noted that shapes can be ambiguous to encourage ________ reversals with viewers

Figure-Ground

The ________ of a work refers to its totality as a composition or design.

Form

Investigating a work of arts' symbolism enriches our understanding of the ____________ of the work.

Form and Content

_____________ sculpture occupies three-dimensional space; it is sculpture that one can walk around or otherwise observe from every angle.

Freestanding

In true ________ the paint must be applied to fresh, damp plaster, artists must work in small sections, preparing a surface that can be completed in a single day.

Fresco

Today the word "cartoon" usually means a humorous or satirical picture; originally the word referred to ________.

Full-scale preliminary drawings for larger scale works such as fresco paintings

________________ are categories of subjects with which artist work in.

Genres

Both rectilinear and curvilinear shapes can also be described as __________in that they may be derived from mathematical formulas and are rendered with great precision.

Geometric

Value contrast refers to the degrees of difference between shades of __________.

Gray

The technique of chiaroscuro reached the peak of perfection during the ___________ in Italy

High Renaissance

________ is the study of themes and symbols— figures and images that, deciphered, reveal the underlying meaning of a work of art

Iconography

______________ shapes are radical alterations of visible reality—simplifications, exaggerations, or transmutations—that sometimes bear little resemblance to the original entities from which they were derived

Implied

___________time is the portrayal or suggestion of the passage or duration of time.

Implied

In works with ________, the viewer perceives discontinuous lines as continuous.

Implied Line

The illusionistic space of a two-dimensional composition is sometimes called__________.

Implied Space

Modeling on a two-dimensional surface is the creation of the illusion of roundness, or three dimensions, through the use of ________.

Light and Shadow

It is _____________ that describes objects and separates them from each other and the surrounding space in a composition.

Line

_____________ perspective refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.

Linear

The ________ of a line is its length and its width.

Measure

Which material provides fluency and pliability to the paint?

Medium

The work of the Futurists represents an exaggeration, an extreme in the depiction of ____________.

Movement

________ art does not begin with objects in the visible world

Nonobjective

The ground pigment in which painting material combines with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium?

Oil

Ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder creates this drawing material.

Pastel

Texture can be used in concert with __________, which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as line, shape, color, or texture

Pattern

This medium is capable of combining the gestural vitality of the pen line with a watery quality.

Pen and Wash

A___________ consists of a mixture of graphite powder (a form of carbon) and clay that is baked and hardened and encased in wood or paper.

Pencil

The color in paint derives from its ________.

Pigment

One of the earliest artists to be credited with the derivation of a canon of proportions is ________.

Polykleitos

________ is the comparative relationship, or ratio, of things to one another.

Proportion

Which kind of balance is achieved when the design elements radiate out from a center point?

Radial Balance

Broadly speaking, ________ refers to the portrayal of people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization and without distortion.

Realism

Two-point perspective is used to represent the ___________of objects that are seen from an angle, or obliquely

Recession

Rhythm in the arts is created by__________.

Repetition

The term ____________ is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism.

Representational

The discovery of graphite in the 1500's helped to largely replace _____________.

Silverpoint

With this drawing implement, the artist draws by dragging a silver-tipped implement over a surface coated with a ground of bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment.

Silverpoint

The earliest use of which medium was in prehistoric cave painting?

Spray Paint

In the visual arts, ________ is the distinctive mode of expression that results from the way in which an artist handles materials and the elements and principles of art and design

Style

Leonardo da Vinci's Proportions of the Human Figure is an example of ________.

Symmetry

Which technique uses a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water?

Tempera

An artist may manipulate the characteristics of the quality of a line to create an illusion of __________.

Texture

The goal of visual ___________is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures.

Texture

Polykleitos's Canon of Proportions refers to ________.

The Ideal Human Body

The Greeks found further meaning in the golden rectangle by relating it to another form found in nature

The Spiral

The literal meaning of the French phrase trompe l'oeil is ________.

Trick of the Eye

Arbitrary color does not accurately reflect the visible reality of things.

True

Artistic techniques are methods—the specific ways in which mediums are handled, controlled, and applied.

True

Frank Gehry, the architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (Fig. 2-22), refers to his work as a metallic flower.

True

Impasto is a layer of thickly applied pigment.

True

The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and textures.

True

The push-pull effect between the figure and ground creates a composition that is dynamic rather than static.

True

The term representational is used to describe forms in the natural world that most people would find recognizable even if the maker has not rendered the details with meticulous realism.

True

In which painting technique is paint applied to damp lime plaster?

True Fresco

________ is a progression from light to dark.

Value

______________refers to the relative degree of lightness or darkness of a surface or a color

Value

In one-point perspective, parallel lines converge at a single ________ on the horizon

Vanishing Point

Which material is the binding agent of paint?

Vehicle

Artists use location—also known as _________positioning—in their compositions as a strategy to signify depth.

Vertical

____________texture is the illusion of an actual texture.

Visual

White does not exist in this painting technique; white must be derived by allowing the white of the paper to "shine" through.

Watercolor

________ is the technique name commonly used for aquarelle.

Watercolor

____________ moves easily over a surface, creating lines that have a characteristic sheen.

Wax Crayon

The word texture derives from the Latin for ________

Weaving

On opposite ends of the value spectrum are __________and black.

White