First 200 Questions

In this work, the author claims he becomes a "sounding brass" or a "clanging cymbal" if he does not speak with love, which he claims to be kind and enduring of all things. Shortly after, the author claims if one were to follow love, one would be gifted the power of glossolalia [gloss-oh-LAY-lee-uh]. What is this letter, the first to a group of Greeks, and seventh book of the New Testament?

(FIRST) EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS (Accept: FIRST CORINTHIANS or FIRST LETTER TO THE CHURCH AT CORINTH)

In Against Apion, he argues for the superiority of Judaism over Hellenism. History of the Jewish War recalls in detail the Jewish revolt against Rome from A.D. 66 to 70. Which historian wrote The Antiquities of the Jews?

(FLAVIUS) JOSEPHUS [FLAY-vee-us joh-SEE-fus]

He planned a novel, Wolf, that would have shown American wheat relieving a famine in war-torn Europe. McTeague follows a dentist who murders his wife and perishes in Death Valley. Name the naturalist author of The Pit and The Octopus.

(FRANK) NORRIS

He collected his short stories in The Club of Queer Trades, and wrote about his conversion to Catholicism in Avowals and Denials. He celebrates absurdity in the essay "A Defence of Nonsense," and turns to allegory in The Man Who Was Thursday. *Which British author was best known for his Father Brown mysteries?*

(G. K.) CHESTERTON

Born Lucila Godoy Alcayaga [loo-SEE-luh go-DOY all-kah-YA-guh], she made her pseudonym by combining the names of her two favorite poets, one of whom had won the Nobel Prize. She wrote of her fiancé's suicide in Desolation, and collected other dark poems in Tenderness and Destruction. *Identify the Chilean poet of Sonnets of Death, the first Latin American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.*

(GABRIELA) MISTRAL

He wrote the anti-Nazi plays The Mother and The White Disease. War with the Newts is a dystopian science fiction novel, while The Makropulos Affair is a play focusing on human immorality. Which Czech writer of R. U. R. coined the word "robot"?

(KAREL) ČAPEK

He subtitled his poem "The Deacon's Masterpiece" as ""The Wonderful One-Hoss Shay." The Atlantic Monthly published his "Breakfast-Table" papers, which spotlight a poet, a professor, and an autocrat. Who was this Fireside Poet of "The Chambered Nautilus" and "Old Ironsides"

(OLIVER WENDELL) HOLMES (SR.)

Although he produced seven plays, including Murder in the Cathedral, this man was awarded the Literature Nobel for his poetry. He titled his first long poem Ash-Wednesday, and continued the tradition with four long verse works that he named Four Quartets. *Who claimed that "April is the cruellest month" in The Waste Land?*

(T. S.) ELIOT

He earned the British Book of the Year Award and the T. S. Eliot Prize for his final poetry volume, Birthday Letters. He developed The Iron Man out of stories he told his children, and shot to fame with the verse collection The Hawk in the Rain. Identify this British poet, who was once married to Sylvia Plath.

(TED) HUGHES

As this New Testament book is only twenty-five verses long, it ties Philemon as the Bible's third-shortest book. It precedes Revelation, the final book of the Bible. *Identify this Biblical book whose author identifies himself as the brother of James.*

(THE BOOK OF) JUDE

Another title for this ancient text is the "Book of Coming Forth by Day." The Coffin Texts and Pyramid Texts included spells and magic formulas designed to protect the deceased. *Give the name of this ancient Egyptian funerary text.*

(THE EGYPTIAN) BOOK OF THE DEAD

In this story, Griselda's husband tests her faithfulness by divorcing her and pretending to kill their children. When she helps him prepare for his wedding to a new wife, he tells her that their children are fine and their divorce was a fraud. What is this Canterbury tale?

(THE) CLERK'S (TALE)

In this play, Henry Smithers helps the title character, a Pullman porter, convince Caribbean island natives that he is a god. He flees to the jungle to avoid an uprising, but a silver bullet from one of the natives kills him. What is this first Expressionist play by Eugene O'Neill?

(THE) EMPEROR JONES

Devotees recited this 14th century B.C. poem during the spring New Year's festival. Named after its opening words, it tells the story of Apsu, Tiamat, and Marduk. *Identify this Babylonian creation epic.*

(THE) ENUMA ELISH

*Correct the grammatical error, if one exists, in the following sentence: Last Sunday, me and Alex saw the new Star Wars movie.*

CHANGE TO ALEX AND I (Accept clear equivalents)

He throws chalk, hits his teacher and classmates, and yells. Laurie's mother worries that he might be a bad influence on her impressionable son. Identify this make-believe character from an ironic Shirley Jackson story.

CHARLES

Authors may use this device when they want to remain ambiguous and refrain from directly expressing an idea. It involves using more words than necessary to get one's point across. *Give this word, which in Latin means "speaking around."*

CIRCUMLOCUTION

English critic John Lockhart gave this name to a group of poets that included Leigh Hunt and William Hazlitt. Lockhart gave it that name in an 1817 article in which he attacked both Keats and Shelley. *What school, according to Lockhart, took its name from a London dialect?*

COCKNEY (SCHOOL)

In Dutch, this food's name translates as "cabbage salad." In fact, it is a salad of shredded raw cabbage and mayonnaise. Name this popular picnic food.

COLESLAW

Examples of this type of noun include "herd" and "committee." *Identify the kind of noun that appears singular, but refers to a group of people or objects.*

COLLECTIVE (NOUN)

*Give the following Shakespearean sentence's grammatical structure: "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon 'em."*

COMPOUND (SENTENCE)

As this tragedy begins, Octavius Caesar and Lepidus worry about Pompey's growing power. One title character commits suicide by falling on his sword, while the other dies from the bite of a poisonous snake. *Name this Shakespearean play about a Roman general and his Egyptian queen.*

ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA

In this poem, "Women and men(both little and small) / cared for anyone not at all." It contains the lines, "when by now and tree by leaf / she laughed his joy she cried his grief." Name this poem about a place "with up so floating many bells down," by E. E. Cummings.

ANYONE LIVED IN A PRETTY HOW TOWN

Examples of this literary element include the quest, the hero, and the mentor. *What name do we give a character, situation, or action that represents universal human nature?*

ARCHETYPE

He's lesser-known works include Prior Analytics, Metaphysics, and Nicomachean Ethics. He differentiated among logos, ethos, and pathos in Rhetoric and coined the term catharsis in Poetics. Which Greek philosopher founded the Lyceum and tutored Alexander the Great?

ARISTOTLE

In this novel, thirteen-year-old Briony [BRIGH-uh-nee] Tallis accuses her sister Cecilia's boyfriend, Robbie Turner, of rape. Robbie and Cecilia both die during World War Two, but Briony reunites them in the novel she writes. Name this 2001 novel by Ian McEwan.

ATONEMENT

In French, this phrase literally translates as "with gravy." It refers to meat that is served in its natural juices. What term, in America, often names the brown sauce served with a French dip sandwich?

AU JUS [oh ZHOO]

Examples of this type of poem include "To an Athlete Dying Young," "Adonais," and "O Captain! My Captain!" The traditional form laments a person's death before praising the person's virtues and finally offering consolation to those left behind. *Name this type of poem, which Thomas Gray once wrote "in a Country Churchyard."*

ELEGY

In Greek, this seven-letter word means "funeral oration." John Keats's reads, "Here lies one whose name was writ in water." Give the term for a short text honoring a deceased person, usually written on that person's tombstone.

EPITAPH

In rhetoric, this term refers to a speaker's moral character or emotions. In sociology, it names a culture's basic spirit or character. Identify this term, which Aristotle contrasted with logos and pathos.

ETHOS

According to its subtitle, this play tells how the high father of heaven sends death to summon every creature to come and give account of their lives in this world. Fellowship, Kindred, Worldly Goods, and Beauty forsake the title character, but Good Deeds accompanies him to the grave. *Identify this English morality play, whose protagonist symbolizes all people.*

EVERYMAN

*Give the following sentence's predicate nominative: In the Democratic presidential race, Hillary Clinton is the front-runner.*

FRONT-RUNNER

Identify the verb tense in the independent clause in the following sentence: "By the time we get home, we will not have slept for twenty-four hours."

FUTURE PERFECT (TENSE)

He is the author of "Mouse Trap," a play within a play whose aim was to incriminate a family member for the murder of his father. The target of the play, the author's uncle, is married to Gertrude, the queen of Denmark. Who was this tragic hero, the protagonist of a play written by William Shakespeare?H

HAMLET

In this literary device, a group of words has a figurative meaning unrelated to the words' literal meanings. Give the name for figures of speech like "a chip on your shoulder" and "once in a blue moon."

IDIOM

In literary works that use this technique, the author provides exposition through flashbacks. The narrative begins with a crucial situation and moves forward, as Homer does in the Iliad and Odyssey. Give the Latin phrase meaning "in the middle of things."

IN MEDIAS RES [MEY-dee-ahs REYS]

First and last name answer required. This man described God's rescue of people from dire situations in An Essay for the Recording of Illustrious Providences. His Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits denounced spectral evidence, but defended the Salem Witchcraft Trials. *Identify this Puritan minister, who named his son Cotton after his in-laws.*

INCREASE MATHER

Compound and compound-complex sentences contain at least two of these types of clauses. Complex sentences contain at least one. *Which type of clause can stand alone to form a simple sentence?*

INDEPENDENT (CLAUSE) (Accept: MAIN (CLAUSE))

In Latin, this word means "between reigns." It denotes any period in which a state has a temporary ruler, or no ruler at all. Name this period, whose Puritan type England experienced under Oliver Cromwell.

INTERREGNUM

Characters in this novel include college president Dr. Bledsoe, trustee Mr. Norton, and black nationalist Ras the Exhorter. The unnamed narrator attends college, works for Liberty Paints, and joins the Brotherhood before going underground to write his autobiography. *Give the title of this Ralph Ellison novel.*

INVISIBLE MAN (Not: THE INVISIBLE MAN)

In Old Russian, this word means "citadel" or "fortress." What word refers to the fortified part of a Russian city, or, more popularly, to the Russian government?

KREMLIN

An example of this literary device is, "The flood damage required an evaporation of the city." It occurs when a speaker substitutes an incorrect word for a similar-sounding one. *What device is named for a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals?*

MALAPROPISM

In this novel, Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram take in Fanny Price, a poor relation. Henry Crawford proposes to Fanny, but she eventually weds her cousin Edmund. Give the title of this 1814 Jane Austen novel.

MANSFIELD PARK

In this 2005 book, the title character leaves his family to serve as a Union Army chaplain during the Civil War. The narrator is the father of Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy from Louisa May Alcott's Little Women. Identify this winner of the 2006 Pulitzer Prize, written by Geraldine Brooks.

MARCH

In this play, seventeen-year-old Hally watches as two black servants, Sam and Willie, practice for a ballroom dancing competition. When Hally learns of his father's return home from the hospital, he unleashes years of racism and bitterness on his former friends. Name this best- known play of South African dramatist Athol Fugard [AH-thul FYOO-gard].

MASTER HAROLD...AND THE BOYS

In later life, she married Aegeus [uh-JEE-us], but he turned her away when she tried to poison his son, Theseus. When her first husband left her for Glauce [GLAW-see], she murdered their two children and flew away in a dragon-drawn chariot. Identify this sorceress, who helped Jason obtain the Golden Fleece.

MEDEA

Aristotle used this play as an example of the perfect tragedy because it elicited "pity and fear" in its audience. Set in Thebes [THEEBS], it includes Queen Jocasta's suicide, Creon's accession to the throne, and the title character's voluntary exile. *Name the play in which the title character kills his father and marries his mother, written by Sophocles*

OEDIPUS REX (OEDIPUS THE KING)

In one play, this protagonist arrives in Colonus with his daughters Ismene [iz-MEE-nee] and Antigone [an-TIG-uh-nee]. An earlier drama shows him plucking out his own eyes after discovering his true relationship to Laius [LAY-us] and Jocasta [joe-KAS-tuh]. Identify this Sophoclean [sof-uh-KLEE-uhn] tragic hero, who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother.

OEDIPUS [ED-uh-pus]

In this novel, Carlson shoots Candy's old dog in an act of mercy, foreshadowing the protagonist's death. After Curley's wife is accidentally killed by mentally challenged Lennie, George kills Lennie to prevent a lynch mob from hanging him. Name this John Steinbeck novella.

OF MICE AND MEN

In this Renaissance epic poem, Angelica elopes with the wounded Saracen soldier Medoro. The title character loses his sanity, but regains it in time to kill King Agramante [ahg-ruh-MAHN-tay]. What poem, whose title translates as "Mad Orlando," was written by Ludovico Ariosto [loo-daw- VEE-kaw ahr-ee-OS-toh]?

ORLANDO FURIOSO [foo-ree-OH-so]

"Living death," "loud silence," and "wise fool" are examples of this literary device. *What is the term for a two-word, seemingly self-contradictory statement that is actually true?*

OXYMORON

First and last name required. He published the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism while studying at Oxford, and published Hymn to Intellectual Beauty six years later. His Prometheus Unbound is a mythological closet drama, while Adonais memorializes his friend, poet John Keats. *Identify the poet of "To a Skylark," "Ode to the West Wind," and "Ozymandias".*

PERCY (BYSSHE) SHELLEY

In this work, the protagonist ascends through ten spheres, guided by his childhood love. He passes planets, stars, the moon, and the sun as Beatrice, and then St. Bernard, lead his soul to God. Identify this final section of Dante's Divine Comedy.

PARADISO (Accept: PARADISE)

Hamlet uses this literary device when he says, "I must be cruel to be kind." George Orwell created a memorable one in Animal Farm: "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others." *Name this kind of self-contradictory statement that expresses a hidden truth.*

PARADOX

In the following sentence, what is the verb's voice? In a special session, the bill was passed by Congress.

PASSIVE (VOICE)

In German, this food's name means "sour greens." It consists of finely cut cabbage that has been salted and allowed to ferment. What is this German snack often paired with sausage?

SAUERKRAUT

First and last name required. This character marries her sister's boyfriend, Frank Kennedy, in order to save her family home from foreclosure. She later weds a Civil War blockade runner, but he leaves her after their daughter, Bonnie Blue, is killed in a riding accident. *Identify this owner of Tara, wife of Rhett Butler, and heroine of Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind.*

SCARLETT O'HARA

Add this prefix to true, fair, or seen to create these words' opposites. *What is this two-letter prefix meaning "reverse of" or "not"?*

UN

As this story opens, Stella-Rondo and Shirley-T return home to China Grove, Mississippi. Sister moves to the title structure because Stella-Rondo turns Mama and Papa Daddy against her. *What is this humorous short story by Eudora Welty?*

WHY I LIVE AT THE P. O.

In a letter concerning the most famous work by this man, he claims that if an individual does not possess the ability to use logic in his reasoning, then he is like a "mechanic who lacks a complete knowledge of his tool." This man used his namesake law to explain the existence of God, claiming that you need more than reason alone to prove it. Who was this medieval English poet, who wrote The Treatise on Predestination and Summa Logicae [LODGE-uh-kee]?

WILLIAM OF OCKHAM

In the latter part of this work, the dreamer and his helpers -- Thought, Wit, and Study -- search unsuccessfully for Do-Well, Do-Bet, and Do-Best. Earlier, the title character promised to lead a "fair field full of folk" to St. Truth if they would help him harvest his field. Identify this Middle English alliterative verse by William Langland.

"PIERS PLOWMAN"

In this work, the heretics, the violent, and the fraudulent inhabit the fiery city of Dis. The poet Virgil leads the main character through nine circles of hell, ending where Lucifer's three heads gnaw on Brutus, Cassius, and Judas. Give the name for the first installment of Dante's Divine Comedy.

"(THE) INFERNO"

In this story, the scholar Nicholas convinces his landlord, John, to suspend tubs in the attic in preparation for the next great flood. Nicholas and Alison have an affair, Absolon brands Nicholas, and John's tub crashes to the ground. Identify this Canterbury Tale, told by a bawdy man who works with grain.

"(THE) MILLER'S TALE"

In this autobiographical novel, the narrator's father is killed in a car crash on the way to visit his own father. It centers on the man's widow, children, and alcoholic brother, who live in Knoxville in 1915. Which novel earned the 1958 Pulitzer Prize posthumously for James Agee [AY-jee]?

(A) DEATH IN THE FAMILY

In this play, Dr. Rank faces his impending death, while Kristine Linde [LIN-duh] agrees to marry the deceitful lawyer Krogstad [KRAWG-stad]. With a resounding door slam, Nora Helmer abandons her husband, Torvald [TORE-vahld] to search for her own identity. Give the title of this Henrik Ibsen play.

(A) DOLL'S HOUSE (Not: THE DOLL'S HOUSE)

In this story, Grandmother convinces her son Bailey to take his wife and children to east Tennessee. When Bailey wrecks the car, the Misfit and two other escaped convicts shoot the entire family. Identify this Flannery O'Connor story.

(A) GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND

As this story opens, Muriel Glass complains about the strange behavior of her husband, Seymour. Meanwhile, Seymour entertains four-year-old Sybil Carpenter with a story about fruit- eating fish. *What is this 1948 story by J. D. Salinger?*

(A) PERFECT DAY FOR BANANAFISH

In this poem, the speaker's love is "like the melodie / that's sweetly play'd in tune." He continues, "As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, / So deep in luve am I: / And I will luve thee still, my dear, / Till a' the seas gang dry." What is this poem by Scottish writer Robert Burns?

(A) RED, RED ROSE

In this story set in Jefferson, Mississippi, the title character courts Yankee laborer Homer Barron. After she dies an old maid, the townspeople break into her home and discover Homer's corpse in her bed. Identify this William Faulkner story.

(A) ROSE FOR EMILY

In this science fiction story, Eckels pays Time Safari, Incorporated to travel to the Jurassic Era and kill a dinosaur. Once there, he panics, leaves the levitating path, and accidentally crushes a butterfly, which dramatically alters events in the present day of 2055. What is this Ray Bradbury story?

(A) SOUND OF THUNDER

In this novel, a madame knits a list of condemned prisoners as she sits beside the guillotine. That person is Madame Defarge. Sydney Carton proclaims, "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done," as he sacrifices his life for friends Charles Darnay and Lucy Manette. Name this novel beginning, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times," written by Charles Dickens.

(A) TALE OF TWO CITIES

He compiled his short stories in Exile and the Kingdom, and expressed his love for theater with the plays Caligula and Cross Purpose. Critics categorized him as an existentialist because of his novel The Fall and his essay The Myth of Sisyphus. *Which Algerian-born French author won the 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature, in part for The Stranger?*

(ALBERT) CAMUS

One of this man's novels is set in the city of Oran, and is narrated by Bernard Rieux, a doctor battling the title illness. "Mother died today, or maybe it was yesterday," opens his most famous novel, published in 1942. *What Nobel Prize-winning author, a major proponent of absurdism, wrote The Plague and The Stranger?*

(ALBERT) CAMUS

At age eighty-one, this author published the short story collection Dear Life, a year before she earned her biggest honor. She published her earlier stories in Lives of Girls and Women and The Moons of Jupiter, among other volumes. *Name the Nobel Prize-winning Canadian author of The View from Castle Rock and Dance of the Happy Shades.*

(ALICE) MUNRO

His lesser-known poetry collections include Mind Breaths, Planet News, and White Shroud Poems. He celebrated fellow Beat writer William S. Burroughs when he wrote, " "A naked lunch is natural to us, / we eat reality sandwiches." Who penned "A Supermarket in California," "Kaddish", and "Howl"?

(ALLEN) GINSBERG

He wrote the "Prattler" column for the San Francisco Examiner, and published Cobwebs from an Empty Skull while living in Europe. His disappearance in Mexico during Pancho Villa's revolution inspired the novel The Old Gringo. Who published the ironic Devil's Dictionary, as well as the story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"?

(AMBROSE) BIERCE

He incorporated Yoruba folk tales in his books The Witch-Herbalist of the Remote Town, The Brave African Huntress, and The Feather Woman of the Jungle. My Life in the Bush of Ghosts follows a boy who escapes from slave traders, only to end up in the title location. Which author became the first from his country to achieve international fame with The Palm-Wine Drinkard?

(AMOS) TUTUOLA

He wrote Fruits of the Earth after traveling in North Africa, and satirized Parisian society in Marshlands. He popularized confessional literature with If It Die..., and published his only novel, The Counterfeiters, in 1926. Name the author of Strait is the Gate and The Immoralist, the 1947 Nobel Prize for Literature recipient.

(ANDRÉ) GIDE

In To Bedlam and Part Way Back, this Confessional poet dealt with her lifelong struggle with bipolar disorder. 45 Mercy Street, Words for Dr. Y, and The Awful Rowing Toward God were all published posthumously following her 1974 suicide. Which poet earned a Pulitzer Prize for her collection Live or Die?

(ANNE) SEXTON

After leaving civil service, he wrote Orley Farm and a series of volumes titled The Duke's Children. He set several of his novels, including The Small House at Allington and The Warden, in the fictional Barsetshire. *Which nineteenth-century English author wrote Barchester Towers?*

(ANTHONY) TROLLOPE

His flight memoir, Wind, Sand, and Stars, told about his near-death in a crash in the Libyan desert. Before disappearing off the coast of Marseille on a World War Two reconnaissance flight, he published his second novel, Night Flight. Who created Asteroid B-612 in The Little Prince?

(ANTOINE DE) SAINT-EXUPÉRY

He satirized his native country in The New Kingdom and The Red Room. He depicts himself as "The Stranger" in To Damascus, while The Ghost Sonata anticipates Expressionism. Identify the Swedish playwright of Master Olaf, The Father, and Miss Julie.

(AUGUST) STRINDBERG

He won a Pulitzer for his novel about Yakov Bok, a Jewish man arrested for the murder of a Christian boy. Perhaps his most famous novel adapts Arthurian legend into a modern-day baseball story. Who wrote The Fixer and The Natural?

(BERNARD) MALAMUD

He published the political work German Social Democracy in 1896, but gained larger fame for his works on philosophy, mathematics and logic. His theory of types attempted to resolve his namesake paradox of logic. What Welsh analytical philosopher received the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature, and co-wrote Principia Mathematica?

(BERTRAND) RUSSELL

In her novel Nemesis, Agatha Christie uses a quote from this book — "Let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream." The book opens with prophecies against Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Judah, and other places for their transgressions. What Old Testament book presents the words of a shepherd of Tekoa [tuh-KOH-uh] in the days of Uzziah [uhz-ZIGH-uh]?

(BOOK OF) AMOS

In The Cold and the Dark: The World After Nuclear Winter, he popularized the term "nuclear winter." He also popularized astronomy with The Cosmic Connection and the science-fiction novel Contact. Which scientist won a 1978 Pulitzer for The Dragons of Eden, and narrated the PBS series Cosmos?

(CARL) SAGAN

His novel Goodbye to Berlin inspired the play I Am a Camera, in turn an inspiration for the musical Cabaret. His own dramas were collaborations with fellow Anglo-American writer W. H. Auden. Identify the dramatist of On the Frontier, The Dog Beneath the Skin, and The Ascent of F6.

(CHRISTOPHER) ISHERWOOD

His autobiography, A Long Way from Home, recounts his early days in the West Indies, where he wrote Constab Ballads and Songs of Jamaica. His poetry volumes Spring in New Hampshire and Harlem Shadows helped inspire the Harlem Renaissance. Identify the writer of Banjo and Home to Harlem.

(CLAUDE) MCKAY

His oldest surviving work is The Life of Agricola, a biography of his father-in-law. He profiles the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, and Nero in Histories and Annals. Who detailed the laws, geography, and customs of non-Romans in Germania?

(CORNELIUS) TACITUS

His most recent historical book, The Greater Journey, profiles Americans in Paris from the 1830s to the 1900s. The Path Between the Seas and Mornings on Horseback won the 1978 and 1982 National Book Awards, respectively. Give the author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographies Truman and John Adams.

(DAVID) MCCULLOUGH

He published his first two volumes of verse with his brother under the titles 25 Poems and Epitaph for the Young: XII Cantos. His 1979 poem, "The Schooner Flight," is credited as being a key work in the development of Caribbean English poetry. Name this St. Lucian author of The Prodigal who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1992.

(DEREK) WALCOTT

He annotated the New Testament in Greek, and encouraged readers to meditate on the Scriptures in Handbook of a Christian Knight. He wrote his masterpiece while staying in England with Sir Thomas More. *What humanist scholar wrote The Praise of Folly?*

(DESIDERIUS) ERASMUS

Her African childhood inspired her story collections The Sun Between Their Feet and This Was the Old Chief's Country. The Grass is Singing focuses on a white farmer, his wife, and their African servant, while she creates an alter ego, Martha Quest, in a five-volume series. Name this Nobel Laureate, the author of Children of Violence and The Golden Notebook.

(DORIS) LESSING

In one of this man's novels, Margaret Schlegel weds Henry Wilcox, and they reside in Henry's ancestral home. Lucy Honeychurch and George Emerson populate another of his works, but his masterpiece features Adela Quested and Dr. Aziz. Give the author of Howards End, A Room with a View, and A Passage to India.

(E. M.) FORSTER

He fictionalized the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in his novel The Book of Daniel. He depicted Sherman's Civil War campaign in The March, and set World's Fair and Billy Bathgate during the Great Depression. Who created Coalhouse Walker in his novel Ragtime?

(EDGAR LAWRENCE or E.L.) DOCTOROW

In one of this author's novels, Lily Bart overdoses on sleeping pills after paying off the debts she accrued from her gambling addiction. In another, Newland Archer marries May Welland, despite falling in love with her free-spirited cousin, Ellen Olenska. Who wrote The House of Mirth and The Age of Innocence?

(EDITH) WHARTON

He celebrated weddings with the poems "Epithalamion" "Prothalamion", and "Amoretti." He eulogized his friend Philip Sidney in "Astrophel," and imitated Vergil with his first major poem, The Shepheardes Calendar. *Who created the Red Cross Knight, Una, and Gloriana in The Faerie Queene?*

(EDMUND) SPENSER

He has adapted classic novels into plays, including The Ballad of the Sad Café, Breakfast at Tiffany's, and Lolita. He is better known for Pulitzer-winning plays like Seascape, and absurdist one-acts like The Sandbox and The American Dream. Name the creator of George, Martha, Nick, and Honey in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

(EDWARD) ALBEE

He set several of his poems in Tilbury Town, based on his hometown of Gardiner, Maine. In a six-year period, he won three Poetry Pulitzers, for Collected Poems, The Man Who Died Twice, and Tristram, respectively. Identify this writer, best known for "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy."

(EDWIN ARLINGTON or E.A.) ROBINSON

Born Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar [rod-uh-REE-go DEE-ahz day vee-VAR], his military prowess earned him the nickname "el Campeador" [kam-pay-uh-DORE], or Champion. In an epic poem, he conquers Valencia, and battles the Moorish armies who have conquered Spain. *Name this Castilian military hero, whose nickname means "lord" in Arabic.*

(EL) CID (THE CID, LE CID)

In 1994, this author wrote a sequel to Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, which she titled What Happened After Nora Left Her Husband. She is better known for novels dealing with female oppression, including Women as Lovers and Greed. What Nobel Prize-winning author from Austria wrote The Piano Teacher?

(ELFRIEDE) JELINEK

In this author's short story "A Day's Wait," a young boy mistakenly believes he will die from a 102-degree fever. "Big Two-Hearted River" and "Indian Camp" feature Nick Adams, while "Hills Like White Elephants" is set in a Madrid train station. Give the author of "The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber" and "The Snows of Kilimanjaro."

(ERNEST) HEMINGWAY

In 1984, she was the runner-up for the Nonfiction National Book Award for her memoir, One Writer's Beginnings. She collected her short stories in A Curtain of Green and The Wide Net. Who wrote "A Worn Path" and "Why I Live at the P. O."?

(EUDORA) WELTY

In a work dedicated to this historical figure, the poet wishes to give him "a crown, a mansion, and a throne that shine, / With gold unfading." Name this man, whom Phillis Wheatley referred to as "His Excellency."

(GENERAL) GEORGE WASHINGTON

He tackled prison reform in Dr. Sevier and miscegenation in Madame Delphine. He dealt with multiracial families in early nineteenth-century Louisiana in The Grandissimes. Which local color author collected his first short stories in Old Creole Days?

(GEORGE WASHINGTON) CABLE

After converting, this author wrote The Everlasting Man and Orthodoxy. He collected his stories in The Club of Queer Trades, and wrote about a man hired to infiltrate a group of anarchists in The Man Who Was Thursday. *What British author and Catholic apologist is best known for creating the priest-turned-detective Father Brown?*

(GILBERT KEITH or G. K.) CHESTERTON

In 1970, this man's Reflections Upon a Sinking Ship was shortlisted for a National Book Award, a prize he earned in 1993 for United States: Essays 1952-1992. He wrote the screenplay for Ben-Hur, while The Best Man was recently revived on Broadway. Who wrote Lincoln and Myra Breckinridge?

(GORE) VIDAL

In one of this man's novels, Major Henry Scobie controls a West African country's security during World War Two. His masterpiece follows the "whiskey priest," who lives in Mexico at a time when the government attempts to suppress the Catholic Church. Name the author of The Heart of the Matter and The Power and the Glory.

(GRAHAM) GREENE

After serving as Illinois' poet laureate, this woman took the national post in 1985. Her best-known individual poems include "truth," "The Bean Eaters" and "We Real Cool." *Give the name of this poet of A Street in Bronzeville and the Pulitzer-winning collection, Annie Allen.*

(GWENDOLYN) BROOKS

Although this man's plays are sometimes categorized as absurdist, they are more accurately called comedies of menace. A man looks after his brain-damaged brother in The Caretaker, while a professor introduces his American wife to his English family in The Homecoming. *Name this Nobel laureate, who also wrote The Birthday Party and The Dumb Waiter.*

(HAROLD) PINTER

He wrote White Buildings in response to the pessimism of T. S. Eliot's The Wasteland. While inMexico on a Guggenheim fellowship, he wrote "The Broken Tower." Identify the American writer of the fifteen-part poem The Bridge.

(HART) CRANE

In one work, this playwright deals with the pain of inherited syphilis, and he profiles a suicidal young girl in The Wild Duck. Judge Brack attempts to bribe the title character, who instead shoots herself, in his drama Hedda Gabler. Who scandalized polite society by having Nora leave Torvald in his domestic play The Doll's House?

(HENRIK) IBSEN

His three-part memoirs include Years of Upheaval and Years of Renewal. The first volume, The White House Years, earned him the 1980 National Book Award for History. Identify the author of Diplomacy, who reestablished relations with China as Nixon's secretary of state.

(HENRY) KISSINGER

After publishing Demian under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair, this author published Narcissus and Goldmund under his own name. Magister Ludi, or The Glass Bead Game, was his last full-length novel. *Name the Nobel laureate perhaps most famous for Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.*

(HERMANN) HESSE

After emigrating to France in 1920, this writer published Mitya's Love and The Life of Arsenev [ar-SEN-ehv]. Before the Russian Revolution, he published the stories "Light Breathing," "The Dreams of Chang," and "Grammar of Love." *Identify this man, the first Nobel laureate in literature from his native country.*

(IVAN) BUNIN (ee-VAHN BOO-nyin)

He collected his observations of peasant life in A Sportsman's Sketches, while he turned to middle- and upper-class life in On the Eve and A Nest of Gentlefolk. The semi-autobiographical novel Torrents of Spring and the play A Month in the Country earned him widespread recognition. *Which Russian writer popularized the term "nihilism" in his tale of Bazarov and Arkady, Fathers and Sons?*

(IVAN) TURGENEV

He tried his hand at drama with A Poor Gentleman and A Month in the Country. He titled his short story collection A Sportsman's Sketches, and drew from peasant and aristocratic life for Rudin, On the Eve, and A Nest of Gentlefolk. Identify the creator of the nihilist Bazarov in Fathers and Sons.

(IVAN) TURGENEV

He achieved fame with the plays The Ermine and Traveller Without Luggage. He titled his two major play collections Rose-Colored Plays and Black Plays. *Identify this French dramatist, who updated a Greek mythological story in Antigone, and fictionalized Joan of Arc's life in The Lark.*

(JEAN) ANOUILH

A disaffected philosopher who feels perpetual sickness is at the heart of this man's first novel, Nausea. He adapted the Electra myth into the play The Flies, and claimed, "Hell is other people" in another of his dramas. *Identify the playwright of No Exit, who refused the Nobel Prize for Literature.*

(JEAN-PAUL) SARTRE

His lesser-known works include the novel Gabriel Tolliver and the story collection Mingo, and Other Sketches in Black and White. While working at an Atlanta newspaper, he developed an ear for dialect, which served him well in his adaptations of African-American legends. Who wrote of Br'er Fox and Br'er Rabbit in Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings?

(JOEL CHANDLER) HARRIS

He was a Revolutionary War chaplain who achieved notice with the nine-book Vision of Columbus, later retitled The Columbiad. He included vivid rural descriptions in his ode to New England and cornmeal mush titled The Hasty Pudding. Identify this member of the Hartford Wits who, with Timothy Dwight and John Trumbull, published The Anarchiad.

(JOEL) BARLOW

His yearly stays in the Aran Islands inspired his first three-act play, The Well of the Saints. Deirdre of the Sorrows remained unfinished at his death, but he did complete Riders to the Sea and In the Shadow of the Glen. Which Irish playwright caused riots with his Playboy of the Western World?

(JOHN MILLINGTON) SYNGE

His recent works include Every Third Thought: A Novel in Five Seasons and The Book of Ten Nights and a Night. He created a mythological hero in Giles Goat-Boy, while Lost in the Funhouse contains some performance pieces. Who wrote The Floating Opera and The Sot- Weed Factor?

(JOHN) BARTH

He befriended Joseph Conrad on a voyage around the world, and published From the Four Winds and Jocelyn under the pseudonym John Sinjohn. His masterpiece is a novel series that includes The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let. *Name the author who wrote The Forsyte Saga.*

(JOHN) GALSWORTHY

He elegized Edward King in Lycidas , and contrasted happy and melancholy men in L'Allegro and Il Penseroso. Although best known for his poetry, he decried censorship in the tract Areopagitica. Name the English poet of Paradise Lost.

(JOHN) MILTON

In Philip Sparrow, this poet laments the death of a lady's pet bird, while Ware the Hawk attacks a rude hunter who had flown his hawk into a church. Magnificence was the first secular morality play in English, but his best-known works oppose Cardinal Wolsey's rising power. Identify the poet of Speak, Parrot; Why Come Ye Not to Court?; and Colin Clout.

(JOHN) SKELTON

His more obscure novels include In Dubious Battle, The Winter of Our Discontent, and Sweet Thursday. Cannery Row and Tortilla Flat profile his native Salinas, California, while The Red Pony chronicles the growth of Jody Tiflin. Name the Nobel Prize-winning author of East of Eden, Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes of Wrath.

(JOHN) STEINBECK

In 1630, this man helped write The Humble Request of His Majesty's Loyal Subjects, which explained the reasons for some immigrants' separation from England. He chronicled his colony's early days in his journal, which was published as A History of New England. Who, in his work A Model of Christian Charity, used the "city on a hill" analogy to refer to the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

(JOHN) WINTHROP

At age 15, this writer founded the newspaper The Free Fatherland. He titled three of his essays "Whitman," "Emerson," and "Bolívar", and collected his poetry in Free Verses. *Name the author of the essay collection "Our America," as well as the Cuban patriotic song "Guantanamera".*

(JOSÉ) MARTÍ

He wrote "Seventeen" in response to a political leader's assassination, and The Pinch Runner Memorandum to criticize Japan's consumerist society. An Echo of Heaven shows Flannery O'Connor's influence, while A Personal Matter describes the author's life with a mentally handicapped son. What author of The Catch and The Silent Cry was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for Literature?

(KENZABURO) OE

In 1970, she won the National Book Award for An Unfinished Woman: A Memoir. She recounted her long-standing relationship with Dashiell Hammett in Pentimento. Which dramatist wrote The Children's Hour and Watch on the Rhine?

(LILLIAN) HELLMAN

His numerous "cloak and sword plays" include The Gardener's Dog, The Lady Nit-Wit, and The Peasant's House Is His Castle. Other dramatic works include The Widow from Valencia, The Knight of Olmedo [ol-MAY-doh], and All Citizens Are Soldiers. Who wrote over eighteen hundred plays during Spain's Golden Age?

(LOPE DE) VEGA

He wrote one satire, Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius, but is better known for creating the revenge tragedy. The Phoenician Women, Thyestes, and The Madness of Hercules are his best-known works. Which playwright and Stoic philosopher committed suicide at Nero's instruction?

(LUCIUS ANNAEUS) SENECA

After moving to Lancaster, Massachusetts, this woman lived for 20 years in relative calm. From February to May 1676, she took two of her children to present-day New Hampshire, where Wampanoags [wahm-puh-NOH-agz] held them for ransom. *Identify the author of the captivity narrative The Sovereignty and Goodness of God.*

(MARY) ROWLANDSON

Early in his literary career, this man published the pastoral romance Galatea. He collected 12 novellas, including The Dialogue of the Dogs and The Gypsy Girl, in Exemplary Novels. *Identify this novelist, who also created Dulcinea and Sancho Panza*.

(MIGUEL DE) CERVANTES

2012 saw the posthumous publication of this author's incomplete novel, The Hanging Garden. His plays include The Season at Sarsaparilla and Signal Driver, while his best-known novels are The Tree of Man and The Twyborn Affair. *Who won the 1973 Nobel Prize for Literature, the first Australian to do so?*

(PATRICK) WHITE

In one poem by this author, the speaker compares the yellow flowers that he just picked to his beloved's fleeting beauty and her eventual death. In another, he wishes he could become the white bull of Jupiter so he can carry Cassandra across "meadows so tender." What French Renaissance poet wrote the "Les Amours" series?

(PIERRE DE) RONSARD

He established his reputation as a playwright with Eugénie and The Two Friends. He gave his final play, The Guilty Mother, the subtitle The Other Tartuffe. Who inspired Rossini and Mozart operas with his plays The Barber of Seville and The Marriage of Figaro?

(PIERRE) BEAUMARCHAIS

In his early career, this French dramatist wrote The Widow, The Maidservant, and The Palace Corridor. His "classical tetralogy" of tragedies includes Horace, Cinna [SIH-nuh], and Polyeucte [pol-ee-OOKT]. Which French playwright made his reputation with Le Cid [luh SID]?

(PIERRE) CORNEILLE [core-NAY]

He does not protest his sentence to a psychiatric facility, because he believes it will be more pleasant than the Pendleton Work Farm. Eventually, the villainous head nurse sentences him to electroshock treatments and a lobotomy. *Who is the protagonist of Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest?*

(RANDLE PATRICK) MCMURPHY

In a 1649 poem, this man penned the line, "I could not love thee, Dear, so much, / Love I not Honour more." During his imprisonment, he wrote, "Stone walls do not a prison make, / Nor iron bars a cage." Name the Cavalier poet of "To Lucasta, Going to the Wars" and "To Althea, from Prison.

(RICHARD) LOVELACE

He set his final Pulitzer-winning play during the Winter War, Russia's invasion of Finland. Earlier Pulitzer winners tell of a U.S. president's early life, and a group of Europeans stuck on a Swiss- bound train in Italy. Name the playwright of There Shall Be No Night, Abe Lincoln in Illinois, and Idiot's Delight.

(ROBERT E.) SHERWOOD

He collected his numerous poems in A Drumlin Woodchuck, Mountain Interval, and North of Boston. His four Poetry Pulitzers came for New Hampshire, Collected Poems, A Further Range, and A Witness Tree. *Who wrote "Birches," "Mending Wall," and "The Death of the Hired Man"?*

(ROBERT) FROST

He collected his first published poems in Sadness and Happiness and An Explanation of America. The Figured Wheel earned him a Pulitzer nomination. *Name the writer of Jersey Rain, who was U. S. poet laureate from 1997 to 2000.*

(ROBERT) PINSKY

He wrote A Key into the Language of America to give white colonists insight into Native American languages. The Bloody Tenent of Persecution argues for the separation of church and state. Who is best known for founding the colony of Rhode Island?

(ROGER) WILLIAMS

He expounded his colonialist views in the poems "Mandalay," "Gunga Din," and "The White Man's Burden." "If--" advises his son on becoming a man, while Just So Stories provide origin tales for various animals. Identify this writer, who created Baloo and Mowgli in The Jungle Book.

(RUDYARD) KIPLING

His Proslogion is basically a second edition to replace its complicated predecessor with a more concise argument on the existence of God and His attributes. The earlier Monologion was a much longer piece that described a small model of the human memory system. What English archbishop and saint described the ontological argument?

(SAINT) ANSELM (OF CANTERBURY)

He wrote On Free Choice of the Will, On the Trinity, and On Christian Doctrine while bishop of Hippo. Which Catholic leader recounted his conversion in Confessions, and encouraged believers to look heavenward in The City of God?

(SAINT) AUGUSTINE

In 1706, this colonial diarist opened a school that may have taught a young Benjamin Franklin. Two years earlier, she had undertaken a solo journey on horseback from Boston to New York City. Name this woman, whose travel diary gives an accurate glimpse of eighteenth-century colonial life.

(SARAH KEMBLE) KNIGHT

He chronicled his trip to Israel in To Jerusalem and Back, and criticized a success-driven society in Seize the Day. Henderson the Rain King tells of a millionaire's African quest, while Herzog and Mr. Sammler's Planet garnered him National Book Awards. *Who won the 1976 Nobel Prize for Literature, the same year he earned a Pulitzer Prize for Humboldt's Gift?*

(SAUL) BELLOW

In the short story "Hands," this writer focused on Wings Biddlebaum's inability to control his hands. His best-known story collection follows newspaper reporter George Willard as he investigates the residents of the title town. Who wrote Winesburg, Ohio?

(SHERWOOD) ANDERSON

He published the fictional autobiography The Memoirs of George Sherston, but was better known for his antiwar poetry. Those poems, collected in The Old Huntsman and Counter-Attack, earned him admission to a military hospital. Name this World War One poet, who published his friend Wilfred Owen's works posthumously.

(SIEGFRIED) SASSOON

He declined a Pulitzer for his story of a Midwestern doctor who practices in New York and on an epidemic-riddled island. He thought he should have earned the prize for his story of Carol and Will Kennicott, whose setting of Gopher Prairie, Minnesota, he based on his hometown. *Give the author of Arrowsmith and Main Street.*

(SINCLAIR) LEWIS

He wrote a fictional biography, The Invention of Dr. Cake, as well as a fictional confession, Wainewright the Poisoner. His poetry collections began with The Pleasure Steamers and include Salt Water, The Cinder Path, and The Price of Everything. Identify the first English poet laureate to serve a fixed ten-year term, from 1999 to 2009.

(SIR ANDREW) MOTION

He dedicated his earliest work, a court masque called The Lady of May, to Queen Elizabeth the First. The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia is a long prose composition, while An Apology for Poetry popularized Elizabethan literary criticism. *Which gentleman courtier wrote the sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella?*

(SIR PHILIP) SIDNEY

He recorded a voyage through South America in The Discovery of Guiana, and wrote The History of the World while imprisoned in the Tower of London. He dabbled in poetry with "What Is Our Life," "The Lie," and "The Ocean to Cynthia." Who responded to Christopher Marlowe's poem "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" with "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"?

(SIR WALTER) RALEIGH

Although he published poems like "The Lady of the Lake" and "The Lay of the Last Minstrel," this man is better remembered for his novels. The Heart of Midlothian, The Bride of Lammermoor, and Rob Roy are three of more than twenty historical novels he published as part of a series. *Name the writer of Waverley and Ivanhoe.*

(SIR WALTER) SCOTT

He is the grandson of King Pelles through his mother, Elaine. His reputation as the "pure knight" allows him to sit in Siege Perilous, the Round Table seat reserved for the finder of the Holy Grail. Identify this son of Sir Lancelot.

(SIR) GALAHAD

In this dramatic work, the title character feeds a nunnery, including his daughter, poisoned porridge. Its main character is named for the biblical thief and murderer who was pardoned from crucifixion instead of Jesus. Name this Christopher Marlowe tragedy, in which Barabas [buh-RAB-bus] dies in a bubbling caldron.

(THE FAMOUS TRAGEDY OF THE RICH) JEW OF MALTA

In this play, Fellowship, Goods, Five Wits, Beauty, Strength, and Discretion are all allegorical figures. They refuse to accompany the title character on his pilgrimage to God, who judges both him and his Good Deeds. Give the name of this most famous medieval morality play, with a title character whose name has come to refer to someone to whom many people can easily identify.

(THE SUMMONING OF) EVERYMAN

In this tragedy, when Bassanius [bahss-ee-AY-nus] abducts Lavinia [luh-VIN-ee-yuh], Saturninus [saht-er-NIGH-nus] marries Tamora [tuh-MOOR-uh]. Saturninus slays the title character, before being killed himself by the title character's son, Lucius [LOO-shus]. Which Shakespearean tragedy involves a woman losing her tongue and hands, and two men being baked into a pie?

(THE TRAGEDY OF) TITUS ANDRONICUS [TIE-tus an-DRON-ih-kus]

In this work, the title character rescues his son Ascanius [as-KAY-nee-us] and father Anchises [an-KY-seez] from Troy. He later leads his men in battle against Turnus, his rival suitor for Lavinia's hand in marriage. What is this preeminent Roman epic, the primary source of the Trojan Horse myth, written by Virgil?

(THE) AENEID [uh-NEE-id]

In this story, Carlos Daneri [dah-NAIR-ee] possesses a point in space that contains all other points. This point allows him to see the entire universe from every angle, simultaneously. Identify this Jorge Luis Borges [HAWR-heh LWEES BAWR-hes] story, which shares its name with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

(THE) ALEPH

In 1832, Washington Irving published "Tales of" this location. He visited it while researching his book A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada. What is this Andalusian palace and fortress complex?

(THE) ALHAMBRA

In this tragedy, King Pentheus of Thebes is torn to pieces by his mother and other maenads [MEE-nadz]. Dionysus returns to his hometown to punish its citizens for mistreating his mother, Semele [SEM-uh-lee], and banning his worship. What play, named for the female attendants of Dionysus, was written by Euripides?

(THE) BACCHAE [BACK-eye, BACK-ee]

In this tragedy, a disguised god tries to persuade King Pentheus to allow Dionysus worship. When Pentheus refuses, a group of insane women — led by his own mother — tears him apart. Name this Euripides play, whose title refers to the priestesses of Dionysus.

(THE) BACCHAE [BOCK-ee]

"Thirty pious and learned ministers" created this metrical translation just twenty years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. When Stephen Day set up a printing press, it became the first bound book printed in the British American colonies. *What is this translation of the biblical book attributed to King David?*

(THE) BAY PSALM BOOK

In this story, Sam Fathers, his dog Lion, and Boon Hoggenback all attempt to kill the title character. Ike McCaslin witnesses their hunt for Old Ben, a nearly immortal wild animal who lives in the Mississippi woods. What is this story, the longest entry in William Faulkner's collection Go Down, Moses?

(THE) BEAR

In this "Song of the Lord," Krishna transforms from a charioteer into a gaping mouth of fire. He convinces Arjuna that killing his cousins, the Kauravas [COW-ruh-vuhz], is morally justifiable. Name this episode from book six of the Mahabharata [muh-HAH-BAHR-uh-TAH].

(THE) BHAGAVADGITA [bog-uh-vod-GEE-tuh]

In this comedy, Euelpides [yoo-EL-pih-deez] and Pisthetaerus [pice-thuh-TAIR-ohs] leave Athens in search of Tereus. A hoopoe [HOO-poo], crow, and jackdaw convince them to build a city-state in the sky that would intercept humans' sacrificial smoke. Give the title of this longest surviving comedy by Aristophanes [air-uh-STOFF-uh-neez].

(THE) BIRDS

In this novel, Miles Coverdale befriends Hollingsworth and falls in love with Zenobia [zuh-NOH- bee-uh]. The author based it on the brief time he spent living in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, at Brook Farm. What novel about a utopian community was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne?

(THE) BLITHEDALE ROMANCE

In this work, characters such as Federico Fregoso [fed-uh-REE-ko fru-GO-so] and Emilia Pia hold discussions on four successive nights at the Court of Urbino [ur-BEE-no]. It advises readers to cultivate courage, skill in arms, physical prowess, and oratorical skills, as well as political loyalty. Name this Renaissance bestseller by Baldassare Castiglione [bald-uh-SAR-ay cass-teel- ee-OH-nay].

(THE) BOOK OF THE COURTIER Accept: (THE) COURTIER

In this story, drunken Scratchy Wilson shoots at objects in hopes of initiating a gunfight. The town marshal, Jack Potter, refuses to fight him because he has just returned from San Antonio with his new wife. Identify this Stephen Crane short story.

(THE) BRIDE COMES TO YELLOW SKY

In this novel, Zosima [ZOH-see-mah] the monk repudiates the "Legend of the Grand Inquisitor." It centers on Fyodor Pavlovich [FYOH-der PAV-luh-vich] and his sons: Alyosha [al-YOH-shuh], Ivan, Dmitri, and Smerdyakov [smair-DYAH-kahv]. Give the title of this final novel by Dostoevsky [duh-stuh-YEF-skee].

(THE) BROTHERS KARAMAZOV [kah-ruh-MA-zahv]

As this novel opens, a half-St. Bernard, half-sheepdog is abducted from Judge Miller's California home. Upon arriving in the Klondike, Buck loyally serves his master, John Thornton, but joins a pack of dogs after Thornton dies. *What is this Jack London classic?*

(THE) CALL OF THE WILD

In this story, Mr. Martin thwarts Miss Barrows' plan to reorganize the F & S firm. Its title is a slang term for any advantageous situation or condition. Give the name of this short story by James Thurber.

(THE) CATBIRD SEAT

In this drama, Karen Wright and Martha Dobie jointly operate a girls' boarding school. They come under suspicion when Mary Tilford falsely accuses them of having an affair. Name this Lillian Hellman play.

(THE) CHILDREN'S HOUR

Individual works within this essay series include "Concerning the Militia," "The Powers of the Senate," and "The Real Character of the Executive." They were originally published serially in New York newspapers, and argued that the Articles of Confederation were defective. What was this series, eventually collected in book form, by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton?

(THE) FEDERALIST (PAPERS)

In this metaphysical poem, the title creature sucks the blood of both the speaker and his girlfriend. The speaker calls it "our marriage bed, and marriage temple," and begs his lady not to kill it. Identify this John Donne poem about an insect.

(THE) FLEA

As this comedy opens, the slave Xanthias accompanies Dionysus to Hades. The god dresses as Heracles to rescue Euripides, but eventually decides to bring Aeschylus back to earth. *What is this play by Aristophanes?*

(THE) FROGS

In this novel, women are stripped of their rights and kept in the Women's Center until they move to powerful men's homes. The narrator, Offred, must become pregnant by the Commander, or else risk arrest and execution. What is the name of this dystopian Margaret Atwood novel?

(THE) HANDMAID'S TALE

Characters in this play are conflicted when Theodore tries to make them realize their moral degradation and lost "pipe dreams" before confessing that he murdered his wife, Evelyn. It culminates with Don's suicide and bartender Larry's realization of his own hopelessness. *What 1939 play, set in Harry Hope's New York saloon in 1912, was written by Eugene O'Neill?*

(THE) ICEMAN COMETH

As she lies in her death bed, this story's title character remembers George, who left her on her wedding day. She reflects on her favorite child, Hapsy, and asks God for a sign of his love. *What story about an ailing octogenarian was written by Katherine Anne Porter.*

(THE) JILTING OF GRANNY WEATHERALL

Four of this novel's characters--Lena, Rose, Waverly, and Jing-Mei--are American-born daughters of immigrant mothers. Those mothers form a San Francisco mahjong group that encourages Jing-Mei to travel to China and reunite with her twin half-sisters. *Name this story of Chinese immigrants, written by Amy Tan.*

(THE) JOY LUCK CLUB

In this novel, Lithuanian immigrants perform backbreaking, low-paying jobs in turn-of-the- century Chicago. Jurgus Rudkus and his wife Ona live in a shoddy house in the meatpacking district, whose unsanitary conditions inspired Theodore Roosevelt to create the FDA. Give the title of this muckraking novel by Upton Sinclair.

(THE) JUNGLE

In this tragedy, siblings Orestes [or-ESS-teez] and Electra exact revenge against their mother, Clytemnestra [kligh-tum-NESS-truh] and stepfather Aegisthus [ee-JIS-thuhs] for the murder of their father, Agamemnon [ag-uh-MEM-non]. It is named for the chorus of female servants who pour offerings at Agamemnon's tomb. Identify this second play in the Oresteia [or-ESS-tee-uh] trilogy by Aeschylus [ESS-kuh-lus].

(THE) LIBATION BEARERS

In this story, Mrs. Crater facilitates a marriage between her mute daughter, Lucynell, and Tom Shiftlet. Tom abandons Lucynell in a diner and, on the way to Mobile, sees a billboard that contains the story's title. Name this short story, written by Flannery O'Connor.

(THE) LIFE YOU SAVE MAY BE YOUR OWN

In its original incarnation, The Merchant of Yonkers, this play was a dismal failure. The revamped version, which focuses on a burgeoning love affair between Horace Vandergelder and Dolly Levi, was more successful. What Thornton Wilder play was the inspiration for the musical Hello, Dolly!?

(THE) MATCHMAKER

In this story, Nicholas convinces an old carpenter to suspend tubs from the ceiling in preparation for a great flood. Nicholas has an affair with the carpenter's wife Alison, who offers her backside when another suitor, Absolon, begs for a kiss. Name this bawdy Canterbury Tale.

(THE) MILLER('S TALE)

English title, please. This comedy's characters include the bitter spinster Arsinoé, the flirt Célimène, and the confidante Philinte. Alceste, the protagonist, decides to live in a cave because he detests humanity, but can't rid himself of his love for Célimène. *What is this Molière comedy?*

(THE) MISANTHROPE

According to a Tennyson poem, this poet committed suicide in a fit of insanity induced by a love potion his wife gave him. His unfinished, large-scale poem attempted to prove that all things operate according to natural laws, not according to supernatural influences. *Identify this Roman poet of On the Nature of Things.*

(TITUS) LUCRETIUS (CARUS)

In this work, the main character battles cannibal Laestrygonians [less-trig-OH-nee-unz], escapes the Lotus-Eaters, and navigates around Scylla [SILL-uh] and Charybdis [kuh-RIB-dis]. Meanwhile, in Ithaca,Telemachus [tuh-LEM-uh-kus] searches for his long-lost father, and Penelope nightly unweaves a tapestry to ward off suitors. Name the epic in which the main character journeys 20 years to return home from the Trojan War, a sequel by Homer.

(THE) ODYSSEY

In this novel, subtitled The Inland Sea, the protagonist falls in love with Mabel Dunham, a sergeant's daughter. That protagonist returns to the wilderness when Mabel chooses his friend, Jasper Western. Which one of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales takes its name from Natty Bumppo's trailblazing abilities?

(THE) PATHFINDER

In this story, Kino [KEE-no] and Juana [HWAH-nah] seek medical treatment for their baby, Coyotito [koh-yoh-TEE-toh], after a scorpion bites him. They discover the title object in the ocean, but their resultant greed causes their downfall. Name this short novel by John Steinbeck.

(THE) PEARL

In this tale, based on a story by Livy, the judge Appius claims that beautiful Virginia is a slave. Her father, Virginius, kills her to preserve her honor, and presents her head to Appius, who commits suicide in prison. Name this Canterbury Tale.

(THE) PHYSICIAN('S TALE)

In this satiric essay, the title figure is the daughter of Plutus, the god of wealth, and the nymph Freshness. The author wrote it in a week's time while vacationing on Thomas More's estate. Name this catalyst for the Protestant Reformation, written by Dutch humanist scholar Desiderius Erasmus [des-ih-DEER-ee-uhs ih-RAZ-muhs].

(THE) PRAISE OF FOLLY (Accept: IN PRAISE OF FOLLY)

In this series of twenty-six essays, the title character is about to board a ship leaving Orphalese. Al-Mustafa [al moo-STAH-fuh] instructs his followers on themes of marriage, beauty, death, and reason. Name this masterpiece of Lebanese-American writer Khalil Gibran [kah-LEEL jih-BRAHN]

(THE) PROPHET

Characters from this poem inspired the names for three of Uranus' moons. It features the gnome Umbriel, the sylph Ariel, and The Baron, who nearly incites a war by snipping off a lock of Belinda's hair. *Identify this mock epic by Alexander Pope.*

(THE) RAPE OF THE LOCK

In this imagist poem, "so much depends upon" the title object. It is "glazed with rainwater" and sits "beside the white chickens." What is this William Carlos Williams poem?

(THE) RED WHEELBARROW

In this work, the author equates the three parts of the soul -- reason, spirit and appetite -- with the three social classes: rulers, guardians and producers. It describes a state governed by reasonable, elite rulers, protected by obedient warriors, and receiving the necessities of life from workers. Identify this work, containing the "Allegory of the Cave," a portrait of an ideal state by Plato.

(THE) REPUBLIC

In this novel, Aragorn marries Arwen after becoming the king of Gondor. Wormtongue kills Saruman, Gollum falls into the Cracks of Doom with the ring, and Frodo sails away to the unknown West. What is the final novel in J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy?

(THE) RETURN OF THE KING

In this poem, the title character detains a wedding guest to tell of his unfortunate shooting of an albatross. His fellow sailors hang the bird around his neck, but die surrounded by "water, water, everywhere / Nor any drop to drink." What is this poem, first published in Lyrical Ballads, and written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge?

(THE) RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER

In one of this novel's subplots, wealthy Tom Corey appears to love Irene, but actually loves her older sister, Penelope. The title character, a self-made businessman, falls out of favor in Boston society when following his conscience leads to bankruptcy. Give the title of this William Dean Howells novel.

(THE) RISE OF SILAS LAPHAM

In this story, a gardener named Bassett and Uncle Oscar Cresswell win enormous sums of money by betting on horse races. Paul reaches a clairvoyant state in which he can predict which horse will win, but eventually dies from the strain. Give the title of this D. H. Lawrence short story.

(THE) ROCKING HORSE WINNER

In this story, an unnamed ship's captain welcomes Leggatt, another ship's first mate, on board. Rather than arrest Leggatt, who accidentally killed a man, the captain conceals him in his cabin until he can swim ashore. Give the title of this Joseph Conrad short story.

(THE) SECRET SHARER

In this short story, the title character runs away from a lion he has wounded, leaving his guide to finish off the cat. The next day, the character turns into a fire eater, wanting to go into the brush after a wounded buffalo bull. The title character — perhaps accidentally — is killed by his wife as she tries to shoot the charging buffalo, in what story by Ernest Hemingway?

(THE) SHORT HAPPY LIFE OF FRANCIS MACOMBER

In this story, Harry acknowledges that his gangrenous leg will kill him before a rescue plane from Nairobi arrives. He recalls his life as a failed writer, and his loveless marriage to the wealthy Helen, who has accompanied him on this fatal safari. What is this story, in which Harry dreams of the title mountain, by Ernest Hemingway?

(THE) SNOWS OF KILIMANJARO

In this drama, the Prince of Portugal murders Horatio, his rival for the affection of Bel-Imperia [BELL im-PEER-ee-uh]. After seeing his son's body hanging in the arbor, Hieronimo [hih-RON- ih-mo] goes mad and plots to slay his son's murderers. Which Thomas Kyd play introduced the Senecan revenge tragedy to Elizabethan England?

(THE) SPANISH TRAGEDY

In his plays Casina and The Pot of Gold, this Roman dramatist created stock characters like the young lovers and the miserly old man. Pseudolus [SOO-duh-lus] includes clever slaves, while Miles Gloriosus [MEE-lays GLOR-ee-oh-sus] centers on a braggart soldier. Identify this comic playwright, whose Menaechmi [men-ETCH-mee] inspired Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors.

(TITUS MACCIUS) PLAUTUS [PLAW-tus]

In this work, the author's description of the creation or "evolution" of man is found in the tale of "The Mule and the Camel," the last story in the fourth book. This collection, a reminder of the impact of Sufism on everyday life, was reportedly inspired by the relationships the author had with a local metalsmith, and a fellow traveling mystic, Shams al-Din [shahmz all-DEEN] of Tabriz [tah-BREEZ]. What is this epic collection of poems, fables, and stories written by the Persian mystic Rumi?

(THE) SPIRITUAL COUPLETS (Accept: (THE) MASNAVI [mas-NAH-vee])

In one of this play's subplots, Antonio and Sebastian attempt to murder Alonso, the King of Naples. Meanwhile, the Duke of Milan oversees his daughter's engagement to Ferdinand, the Prince of Naples. Which play features Miranda, Caliban, and Prospero, and is the last one written by William Shakespeare?

(THE) TEMPEST

According to its subtitle, this work contains poems discussing the four monarchies, ages of man, seasons of the year, and four elements. The second edition included "The Author to Her Book," as well as "A Dialogue Between Old England and New" and "To My Dear and Loving Husband." *Give the title of this Anne Bradstreet poetry book.*

(THE) TENTH MUSE LATELY SPRUNG UP IN AMERICA

A chronicle of this political regime earned the 1961 National Book Award for Nonfiction. Historian William L. Shirer detailed its "rise and fall" from 1932 to 1945, and its sequential numbering comes after that of the Holy Roman Empire and the empire that followed German reunification in 1871. *Give the two-word name of the German government controlled by Adolf Hitler.*

(THE) THIRD REICH

In this musical drama, prostitute Suky Tawdry turns over Macheath, a notorious gangster, to the police. Peachum secures Macheath's hanging, but Queen Victoria pardons him at the last minute. Name this parody of John Gay's Beggar's Opera, by Kurt Weill [VILE] and Bertolt Brecht [BER-tawlt BREKT].

(THE) THREEPENNY OPERA

In one sense, this five letter word designates the entire Hebrew Bible, both the Oral Law and the Written Law. It also refers to the parchment scrolls on which the Pentateuch [PENT-uh-took] is recorded. Give this Hebraic [he-BRAY-ik] term, which in the Old Testament means "law."

(THE) TORAH

Church leaders canonized this monk from Jarrow in 1899 and declared May 25 his feast day. He wrote "Lives of the Abbots" and "On the Reckoning of Time," as well as a chronicle of historical events from Julius Caesar's raids to St. Augustine's arrival in Kent in 597. *Identify the author of Ecclesiastical History of the English People.*

(THE) VENERABLE BEDE

In this eighth century poem, the title character is a warrior who laments his fallen companions and longs for his past achievements. Identify this companion to "The Seafarer" in The Exeter Book, about a homeless and kinless man.

(THE) WANDERER

In this story, a knight is sentenced to decapitation for raping a young maiden. He saves himself by discovering that women want sovereignty over their husbands, and earns a beautiful young wife by giving an old hag free reign over him. What is this Canterbury Tale, whose speaker has been married five times?

(THE) WIFE OF BATH'S TALE

In this novel, based on the author's native Cross Creek, the Baxter family fights off wolves, bears, and alligators. Jody adopts Flag the fawn, but must shoot his pet when the deer eats the family's corn crop. Give the title of this Pulitzer-winning novel by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings.

(THE) YEARLING

In this story, the narrator's husband confines her to an upstairs bedroom in their summer rental cottage. He wants to cure her of post-partum depression, but her confinement plunges her into psychosis. Name this early feminist work by Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

(THE) YELLOW WALLPAPER

In one of his plays, Harry confronts his mother, Amy, during her birthday party, while in another, Edward and Lavinia separate just before the title event. Perhaps his best-known verse drama portrays Archbishop Thomas a Becket's assassination at Canterbury. Who wrote The Family Reunion, The Cocktail Party and Murder in the Cathedral?

(THOMAS STEARNS or T.S.) ELIOT

In a semi-autobiographical novel, this writer chronicled a North German shipping family's decline in Buddenbrooks. Author Gustav von Aschenbah [GOO-stahv vahn AH-shen-bock] falls in love with a beautiful youth, Tadzio, in Death in Venice. Identify the creator of Hans Castorp, who recovers in a Swiss sanitarium in The Magic Mountain.

(THOMAS) MANN

He is the only author to have won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama — in 1938 and 1943 — as well as the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, in 1928. His early plays include An Angel that Troubled the Waters and The Trumpet Shall Sound. Who was the author of The Bridge of San Luis Rey, The Skin of Our Teeth, and Our Town?

(THORNTON) WILDER

In this poem, the speaker laments, "My pleasant things in ashes lie / And them behold no more shall I." Then she remembers, "Thou hast a house on high erect / Fram'd by that mighty Architect." Name this poem, which Anne Bradstreet wrote after seeing her home go up in flames.

(VERSES) UPON THE BURNING OF OUR HOUSE (JULY 10, 1666)

Although his contemporaries revered his poetry, this man is better known today for works like Hernani [air-nah-NEE]. Captain Phoebus, Esmeralda, Cosette, and Javert [zhah-VAIR] appear in his two most famous works. *Name the creator of The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables.*

(VICTOR) HUGO

He edited the National Philanthropist and Journal of the Times before becoming co-editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation. In 1832, he founded and wrote the Declaration of Sentiments for the American Anti-Slavery Society. Who popularized his abolitionist views by publishing the newspaper The Liberator?

(WILLIAM LLOYD) GARRISON

England has adopted this man's poem "Jerusalem" as an unofficial second national anthem. A prolific artist and engraver, he illustrated many of his works, which often referenced his mystical religious visions. *Name this earliest Romantic poet of "The Tyger" and "The Lamb" from Songs of Experience and Songs of Innocence.*

(WILLIAM) BLAKE

In Darkness Visible, this writer tells of a boy burned during the London blitz, while he set The Inheritors in the final days of the Neanderthals. Pincher Martin deals with a torpedoed naval officer's guilt, but his best-known novel follows a group of stranded schoolboys. Which author earned the Nobel Prize in part for his masterpiece, featuring Sam, Roger, Jack and Piggy, titled Lord of the Flies?

(WILLIAM) GOLDING

After questioning the existence of the Trinity in Innocency with Her Open Face, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he wrote No Cross, No Crown. He argued for religious tolerance in The Great Case of Liberty of Conscience Once More Debated and Defended, but argued for Quaker principles in Truth Exalted. *Name this Quaker politician.*

(WILLIAM) PENN

He lives in the canton of Uri, where he leads the Swiss people in a rebellion against Austrian rule. At the governor's insistence, he shoots an apple from seventy paces off his son Walter's head. Identify this legendary figure, the hero of a verse drama by Friedrich Schiller.

(WILLIAM) TELL

He encouraged young people to embrace traditional African cultures in The Lion and the Jewel, but first gained fame with his play A Dance of the Forests. A developing nation's president seeks advice from its deposed king in his play Kongi's Harvest, while colonial officials prevent a man from committing ritual suicide in Death and the King's Horseman. Identify this dramatist, the first black African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

(WOLE) SOYINKA

In this author's The Sound of the Mountain, an elderly man develops a close relationship with his daughter-in-law. Two of his earlier novels include a geisha living in a remote area, and a man who engages in the classic tea ceremony. Name this man, his country's first Nobel Laureate, who wrote Snow Country and Thousand Cranes.

(YASUNARI) KAWABATA

Examples of this noun category include "relaxation," "trust," and "endurance." It names something that cannot be perceived by the five senses. *Give this counterpart of the concrete noun.*

ABSTRACT (NOUN)

Identify the following sentence's voice: At each concert on her world tour, Katy Perry sang her number one hits.

ACTIVE (VOICE)

Among this man's lost plays are Niobe, Nereids, and Myrmidons [MUR-mi-donz]. His own experience in the Battle of Marathon inspired The Persians, while the shamed sons of Oedipus star in Seven Against Thebes. *Identify the dramatist of The Suppliants and the Oresteia trilogy.*

AESCHYLUS

Identify the following sentence's adverbial clause: "Samantha could only eat ice cream after her doctor's appointment."

AFTER HER DOCTOR'S APPOINTMENT

In this play, seventeen-year-old Richard Miller falls in love with Muriel, whose father initially disapproves of their romance. Set on the Fourth of July in 1906, it was based on the author's own teenage years in Connecticut. Identify this play, Eugene O'Neill's only comedy.

AH, WILDERNESS!

In the Iliad, he is the second-mightiest Achaean [uh-kee-uhn] warrior, bested only by Achilles. In a play by Sophocles [SOF-uh-kleez], he falls under Athena's spell and kills a flock of sheep after mistaking them for Achaean leaders. Which Greek warrior committed suicide after Odysseus received the fallen Achilles' armor?

AJAX

He is the first animal to undergo a successful intelligence-enhancing operation. He can solve complex puzzles, but eventually behaves erratically and dies. Name this white mouse, the title character of a Daniel Keyes science fiction story.

ALGERNON

In this story, Margot describes the sun to fellow Venutian [vuh-NOO-shuhn] children who have never experienced it. They lock her in a closet, and prevent her from seeing the sun for another seven years. Give the title of this Ray Bradbury story.

ALL SUMMER IN A DAY

A person employs this literary device when she says, "Don't be such a Scrooge." *Which figure of speech references people, places, events, or works of art, literature, or mythology?*

ALLUSION

First and last name required. She collected her free verse poems in Sword Blades and Poppy Seed and A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass. Her most famous individual works include "Fireworks," "Two Speak Together," and "Patterns." *Which imagist poet earned the 1926 Pulitzer Prize for What's O'Clock?*

AMY LOWELL

Examples of this metrical foot include the word "understand," and the poetic line, "'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house..." *Name this foot consisting of two unstressed and one stressed syllable.*

ANAPEST

Examples of this metrical foot include the words "understand," "interrupt," and "comprehend." *Give the name for the poetic foot that consists of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable.*

ANAPEST(IC)

According to one translator, this tragedy tells the story of a barren woman afraid that a rival will steal her husband's love. It criticizes both the Spartans and Apollo, and characters include Orestes, Peleus, and Menelaus. *What play by Euripides tells the story of a slave of Neoptolemus, a slave who had been the wife of Hector?*

ANDROMACHE (an-DROM-uh-kee)

As this novel opens, Old Major leads his peers in "Beasts of England" before they overthrow their drunken caretaker, Mr. Jones. Boxer vows to work harder, Squealer spreads Napoleon's propaganda, and Snowball mysteriously disappears. *What allegory of the Russian Revolution and the onset of communism was written by George Orwell?*

ANIMAL FARM

In this novel, Konstantin and Kitty Levin's happy marriage is a foil for the protagonist's tragic marriage and affair. The title character leaves her husband for Count Alexei Vronsky, but commits suicide by throwing herself in front of a train. What is this Leo Tolstoy novel?

ANNA KARENINA

A deadly battle between two brothers requires the title character of this work to illegally bury her brother, Polyneices, because of an edict forbidding anyone to give him a proper burial. That woman, the daughter of Oedipus and niece to the new king of Thebes, is arrested and eventually kills herself in the prison cell, prompting the suicides of Haemon and Eurydice. *What is this play, written by the Greek tragic playwright Sophocles?*

ANTIGONE

In this poem, "We passed the school, where children strove / At recess, in the ring; / We passed the fields of gazing grain, / We passed the setting sun." The title figure "kindly stopped for" the speaker, and both rode in a carriage with Immortality. Give the title of this Emily Dickinson poem.

BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH

In this story, Marjorie tries to transform her cousin into a popular society girl. When the title character cuts her hair in a popular flapper style, the boys lose interest in her. What is this story from Flappers and Philosophers by F. Scott Fitzgerald?

BERNICE BOBS HER HAIR

*Give the superlative form of the adjective in the following sentence: Her first poem was good.*

BEST

In this multi-chapter episode, an avatar persuades a man to kill his relatives because he was born into the warrior caste. Krishna reveals his true cosmic nature, a gaping mouth that swallows up the universe, frightening Arjuna into submission. Name this "Song of the Lord," found in book six of the Mahabharata [muh-HAH-BAHR-uh-tuh].

BHAGAVADGITA [BUHG-uh-vuhd-GHEE-tah]

In a synonym for "works cited," this prefix precedes -graphy. Identify the Greek root word for book.

BIBLIO

Full name required. He strikes and accidentally kills John Claggart, who brought a false charge of mutiny against him. To prevent a threat of mutiny, Captain Vere sentences him to hang, a fate he willingly accepts. *Name this Herman Melville foretopman.*

BILLY BUDD

First and last name required. This character's young husband committed suicide when she discovered his homosexuality, leading her to have an affair with one of her students. She loses her job in Laurel, Mississippi, as well as the ancestral family home, Belle Reve [BELL REEVE]. *Name this sister of Stella, a fading Southern belle who has "always depended on the kindness of strangers," from Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire.*

BLANCHE DUBOIS

Ambidextrous" and "ambivalent" both contain the Latin root ambi-. *Give the English translation of ambi-.*

BOTH

In this semi-autobiographical novel, Kochan works to overcome his physical weakness and latent homosexuality. To fit in with post-war imperial Japanese society, he tries to fall in love with his female friend, Sonoko. Name this second novel of Mishima Yukio [MEE-shee-muh YOO- kee-oh].

CONFESSIONS OF A MASK

He believed that through social interaction, public service, and education, exemplary people, or junzi, could improve themselves. After his death, his disciple Mencius spread his teachings of humanity, propriety, personal virtue, and reverence for sages and parents throughout his native land. *Who wrote The Analects, in which he outlined a new system of Chinese philosophy?*

CONFUCIUS KONG FU ZI

First and last name required. This man emphasized humanitarian acts in Bonifacius [bon-ih-FAY-shus], or Essays to Do Good. He gained entrance to London's Royal Society with Curiosa Americana, and combined religion with science in Christian Philosopher. *What Congregational minister was the author of Wonders of the Invisible World?*

COTTON MATHER

In one of this novel's subplots, Dunya [DOON-yuh] resists the advances of her former employer, Svidrigailov [svid-rih-GUY-loff]. Porfiry Petrovich [por-FEER-ee pet-ROW-vich] pursues the main character, who murders a pawnbroker and is sentenced to hard labor in Siberia. Give the title of this novel about Raskolnikov [ruh-SKAWL-nik-ahv], by Fyodor Dostoevsky [FYOH-der dos-toy-YEF-skee].

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

In this novel, Absalom is sentenced to execution for murdering the white anti-apartheid [uh- PAR-tide] activist Arthur Jarvis. Absalom's father, Reverend Stephen Kumalo [koo-MAH-loh], struggles to save his son's life and keep his family together. Give the title of this Alan Paton work.

CRY, THE BELOVED COUNTRY

He interpreted the handwriting on the wall as God's judgment against King Belshazzar of Babylon. Earlier, he interpreted King Nebuchadnezzar's dreams and predicted the ruler's seven-year-long fit of madness. Which biblical prophet did King Darius cast into the lions' den?

DANIEL

First and last name, please. This character, the nephew of eccentric Betsey Trotwood, eventually marries Dora Spenlow and, later, Agnes Wickfield. He lives for a time with Mr. Wilkins Micawber, who loses his money in a scheme devised by Uriah Heep. *Who is this semi- autobiographical Charles Dickens hero?*

DAVID COPPERFIELD

Identify the direct object the following sentence: Carli and Lila played dress-up with their Frozen Halloween costumes.

DRESS-UP

Identify the gerund phrase in the following sentence: "You might get in trouble for faking a stomach virus."

FAKING A STOMACH VIRUS

In this novel, William Boldwood fatally shoots his rival suitor, Sergeant Troy, resulting in a life sentence. The object of their mutual affection, Bathsheba Everdene [EV-er-deen], marries Gabriel Oak after he becomes a prosperous bailiff. What is this novel by Thomas Hardy, whose title comes from a Thomas Gray poem?

FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD (NOT: MADDENING)

In Scandinavian countries, this word more generally refers to any bay. In Norway, it names "a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs." What is this Norwegian landmark formed by glacial erosion?

FJORD [FYOHRD]

Identify the following sentence's participial phrase: Floating on the lake, she napped in the sunshine.

FLOATING ON THE LAKE

Characters who serve this four-letter role include Horatio in Hamlet and Dr. Watson in the Sherlock Holmes stories. *What name do we give a character who contrasts with the protagonist in order to highlight some aspect of the protagonist's personality?*

FOIL

As this novel opens, Robert Walton is captaining a ship bound for the North Pole. He encounters Victor, a scientist who recounts his creation of a monster. *What work of horror, which has generated many movies, was written by Mary Shelley?*

FRANKENSTEIN

In the book of Luke, this figure tells Zechariah that his son will be called John the Baptist. The Qur'an paints him as a messenger between Allah and the prophet Muhammad. Identify this archangel, who also announced Jesus's birth to the Virgin Mary.

GABRIEL (Accept: JIBRIL)

According to legend, her abduction by Mordred contributed to the breakup of the Round Table. Lancelot failed in his quest to find the Holy Grail because he carried on an affair with her. *Identify the queen consort of King Arthur.*

GUINEVERE

After the bear king reminded him of his powers, this figure crossed the strait between India and Lanka in one leap. He burned down Lanka when his tail was set on fire, and flew to the Himalayas to retrieve healing herbs for Rama's army. Identify this commander of the monkey army in the Hindu epic Ramayana [rah-MAH-yah-nah].

HANUMAN

In this novel, set in Coketown, England, Thomas Gradgrind raises his children to be as practical and unfeeling as he is. Louisa Gradgrind marries Josiah Bounderby to please her father, but does not love him. Name this 1854 anti-industrialization novel by Charles Dickens.

HARD TIMES

A Latin root with this meaning appears in the words "inaudible" and "audition." Give its English meaning.

HEAR(ING)

Almost all of this novella's characters, including the General Manager, Brickmaker, and Chief Accountant, are referred to by their occupations. Marlow travels to the Belgian Congo to work for the Company, who pays him to sail a river and meet the chief of the Inner Station, Kurtz. *Identify this novella by Joseph Conrad.*

HEART OF DARKNESS

In this location, Danish warriors drink, listen to bards' songs, and receive gifts from Hrothgar [ROTH-gar]. The noise from it angers Grendel, who attacks its inhabitants until a Geatish [GHEET-ish] hero intervenes. Name this mead hall from Beowulf.

HEOROT [HAY-oh-roht]

An example of this word relationship is "rose," the flower, and "rose," the past tense of "rise." Another is "carat," the jewelry measurement; "carrot", the vegetable; and "caret," the printing mark. *Which type of words are pronounced the same, but have different meanings?*

HOMOPHONE(S)

In Satires, this author praised men who made their own fortunes, rather than those from patrician lines. He attacks social abuses in Epodes, but praises the refinement of Roman society with his Odes. Name this Latin lyric poet, who published Ars Poetica under Emperor Augustus's rule.

HORACE

A character who exhibits this type of flaw violates moral codes and attempts to bypass human limits. It typically strikes people in powerful positions, such as Oedipus in Sophocles' trilogy, or Satan in Paradise Lost. *What word did ancient Greeks use to describe excessive pride?*

HUBRIS

Full name required. He turned the anti-slavery arguments of Conversations on Some of the Old Poets into the satirical Biglow Papers. Before serving as the Atlantic Monthly's first editor, he published A Fable for Critics. *Name this poet of "The Vision of Sir Launfal," who was the ancestor of Pulitzer-winning poets Amy and Robert.*

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL

In this novel, the title character is the black servant to the white South African Smale family. The Smales escape to a rural village after black South Africans have revolted against apartheid. Identify this Nadine Gordimer novel, whose title contains the name of a month.

JULY'S PEOPLE

In the following sentence, identify the antecedent of the pronoun: Lauren watched the lemur wrap its tail around a branch.

LEMUR

First and last name required. This character attends Paddy Dignam's funeral in the Hades chapter, on June 16, 1904. A 38-year-old Jewish advertising canvasser, he is James Joyce's modern Everyman interpretation of Odysseus. *Who is the main character of the novel Ulysses?*

LEOPOLD BLOOM

According to its subtitle, this work describes Certain Provincial Situations, Manners, and Customs not Generally Known about the British North American colonies. It details native plants and animals, muses on what makes an American, and conveys the author's anxiety about the impending Revolutionary War. *Name this work by expatriate J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur.*

LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN FARMER

In one poem, this author is unapologetic for getting drunk in the middle of the day, claiming that "Life in the world is but a big dream." An August moon reminds the speaker of home in his poem titled "A Quiet Night Thought." What Chinese poet, according to legend, was drunk and drowned when he fell into the water trying to grab the moon's reflection?

LI BAI [LEE BYE] (Accept: LI PO)

In this memoir, the author tells of his apprenticeship to a steamboat captain on the title river. The second section recounts his journey from St. Louis to New Orleans several years later. What memoir of the steamboat era was written by Mark Twain?

LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI

In one subplot, Lena Grove searches for Lucas Burch, her baby's father, while another story sees Reverend Gail Hightower lose his congregation. The main plotline centers on Joe Christmas's murder of Joanna Burden. Identify this 1932 novel by William Faulkner.

LIGHT IN AUGUST

Each of this novel's twelve sections begins with a Mexican recipe that the author ties to the protagonist's life. Tita longs to marry Pedro, but must take care of her aging mother instead. *Identify the first novel by Laura Esquivel.*

LIKE WATER FOR CHOCOLATE

Also called a copula [KOP-yuh-luh], this type of verb can refer to senses or states of being. It isusually a form of "to be," and connects a subject with its complement. *Identify the verb class that includes "look," "seem," and "become."*

LINKING (VERB)

Along with Sallust and Tacitus, this man was considered one of Rome's three great historians. His most famous work consisted of 142 books, of which 35 survive. *Who chronicled the history of Rome from 753 B.C. to Augustus's reign, in Book from the Foundation of the City?*

LIVY

According to Aristotle, this rhetorical device requires a clear claim that is supported by strong evidence. It is the method of persuasion that appeals to an audience's reason. *What is this counterpart of ethos and pathos?*

LOGOS

In this novel, Ralph and Jack divide the "littluns" and hunters into rival factions that hunt for a mysterious beast. Simon dies after seeing a pig's head on a stick, while Roger pushes a boulder down a hill, crushing Piggy. What is this novel about British schoolboys stranded on an island, written by William Golding?

LORD OF THE FLIES

In this novel, Dr. Urbino [oor-BEE-no] has an affair with Barbara Lynch before falling to his death. Florentino Ariza [flor-in-TEE-noh ah-REE-zah] and Fermina Daza [fair-MEE-nah DAH-zuh] rekindle a romance that they ended almost fifty-two years before. Give the title of this Gabriel García Márquez [gar-SEE-uh MAR-kez] novel.

LOVE IN THE TIME OF CHOLERA

Characters in this play include Myrrhine, Kleonike, and Lampito, the representative for Spartan women. Set in the 21st year of the Peloponnesian War, it follows the title character as she unites Athenian and Spartan women against their fighting husbands. *Identify this pacifist comedy by Aristophanes.*

LYSISTRATA

In this novel, the title character once rejected Peter Walsh's marriage proposal. While Clarissa plans a dinner party for English high society, war veteran Septimus Warren Smith commits suicide. Name this Virginia Woolf work.

MRS. DALLOWAY

In this comedy, Don John tricks Claudio into believing that his fiancée Hero has been unfaithful to him. Leonato sets things right as the couple celebrates a double wedding, with the feuding Beatrice and Benedick. What is this Shakespearean comedy?

MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING

In this poem, Queen Brunhild [BROON-hild] of Iceland marries Gunther, and Kriemhild [KREEM-hild] weds Siegfried [SIG-freed]. Hagen [HAH-gun] slays Siegfried during a hunt, but Kriemhild avenges her husband's death by arranging Hagen's murder. Name this Middle High German epic poem, which inspired a similarly-named Richard Wagner [REE-kard VOG-ner] opera.

NIBELUNGENLIED [nee-buh-LOONG-un-leet] (Accept: (THE) SONG OF THE NIBELUNGS)

*Correct the following sentence, if necessary: Who laid their shoes on the kitchen table?*

NO CORRECTION NEEDED (Accept equivalents)

During interludes in this type of drama, comic kyōgen plays are performed. It arose in the fourteenth century as a way to entertain nobles and warriors with drums, flute music, and masked performers. *Give the name for this kind of Japanese drama.*

NOH

In this philosophical work with a Latin name, the author sets forth his namesake method. It advocates inductive reasoning and empirical investigation to gain scientific knowledge. Identify this seminal work of Francis Bacon, whose name means "New Instrument."

NOVUM ORGANUM [NOH-vum or-GAN-um]

Each of the ten poems in this cycle is based on a painting by an artist. The poet died in 1963, but won the Pulitzer Prize posthumously. *What poetry collection about a Flemish Baroque artist was written by William Carlos Williams?*

PICTURES FROM BRUEGHEL (AND OTHER POEMS)

He criticized a fellow historian in On the Malice of Herodotus, one of the seventy-eight essays he collected in Moralia. After writing Lives of the Roman Emperors, he created his masterpiece, which compares the biographies of notable Greeks and Romans. *Which Greek biographer wrote Parallel Lives?*

PLUTARCH

Identify the antecedent of the pronoun in the following sentence: I didn't see Polly because she had already gone home.

POLLY

In this play, Oceanus [oh-shee-ANN-us], Io, and Hermes all urge the title character to serve Zeus. When he refuses, Zeus unchains him from a remote crag and casts him into Tartarus, where he remains for 30,000 years. Identify this play about a fire stealing mythological figure, by Aeschylus [ESS-kill-us].

PROMETHEUS BOUND

In American Spanish, this word means both "town" and "people." It also names a Native American structure for defense and dwelling, such as those in Mesa Verde [MAY-suh VAYR-day] National Park in Colorado. What is this word?

PUEBLO

A writer may use this device to suggest a word's different meanings, as in, "A horse is a very stable animal." It often relies on homonyms or homophones, like Romeo's quip, "You have dancing shoes with nimble soles; I have a soul of lead." *What is the official term for a humorous play on words?*

PUN

In this poetic section, Virgil leads the narrator up a mountain to an Earthly Paradise. The narrator repents of the seven deadly sins before meeting his next guide, Beatrice. Identify the second section of Dante's Divine Comedy.

PURGATORIO

In this play, Jason Willette accidentally runs over four-year-old Danny Corbett. Becca, Howie, Izzy, and Nat lean on each other for support in the aftermath of Danny's death. Which play won the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for David Lindsay-Abaire [uh-BARE]?

RABBIT HOLE

In this play, based on Miles Gloriosus [MEE-lays GLOR-ee-oh-sus], the title character tries to woo the widow Christian Custance, who is engaged to Gawyn Goodluck. His attempts fail, and Christian exposes him as merely a braggart soldier. Identify the first English-language comedy, written by Nicholas Udall.

RALPH ROISTER DOISTER

He is the king of Ayodhya, and the seventh incarnation of the god Vishnu. Hanuman, his monkey devotee, helps him rescue his wife, Sita, from the demon-king Ravana. Who is this hero of a Sanskrit epic poem by Valmiki?

RAMA

His favorite half brother is Lakshmana, and he is depicted standing with a bow in his left hand and an arrow in his right. Around 300 B.C., the poet Valmiki recorded his story in a seven-book epic. Identify this seventh incarnation of Vishnu, who rescued his wife Sita from the demon-king Ravana.

RAMA(CHANDRA)

His real name is Johnny, and he is the son of prominent citizen Ebenezer Dorset. When Bill and Sam kidnap him, his pranks and chatter torment them so much that they pay his father to take him back. Who is this red-haired terror from an O. Henry story?

RED CHIEF

In this novel, a sequel to Sanctuary, Temple Drake is married with a child. Using a part-novel, part-drama narrative technique, the author helps Temple come to terms with the violence she suffered in the past. Identify this William Faulkner novel.

REQUIEM FOR A NUN

Critics credit the Roman playwright Seneca with inventing this dramatic genre. Its protagonist often kills other characters as retribution for a real or imagined injury. *Into which specific genre do Titus Andronicus, Hamlet, and The Spanish Tragedy fall?*

REVENGE (TRAGEDY, PLAY, or DRAMA)

In an epic poem, this hero fights the Saracens [SAR-uh-suhnz] at the Battle of Roncesvalles [RON-suh-valz]. He blows a horn in a futile attempt to save the army's rear guard, which he commands. Identify this nephew of Charlemagne and hero of a medieval chanson de geste [shahn-sawn duh ZHEST].

ROLAND (Accept: ORLANDO)

In this novel, five-year-old Jack lives with Ma and Old Nick, who kidnapped Ma seven years ago. After their rescue, they get acquainted with Ma's extended family and adjust to society. Name this Emma Donoghue novel, whose film adaptation was nominated for Best Picture at the 2016 Academy Awards.

ROOM

In its English translation, this work is a series of iambic pentameter four-line stanzas with an A-A-B-A rhyme scheme. Its most notable quotations include, "The flower that once has blown forever dies," and, "Take the cash, and let the credit go." Give the title of this work, translated by Edward FitzGerald, but originally written by Omar Khayyam [ki-YAHM].

RUBAIYAT [ROO-by-yaht]

Identify the participial phrase in the following sentence: The cat rubbing against your leg hopes that you have tuna-flavored treats.

RUBBING AGAINST YOUR LEG

Aside from the satirical Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius, all of this man's works can be divided into philosophical treatises or tragedies. Like Greek dramatists, he wrote plays about Agamemnon, Medea, and Oedipus [EE-duh-pus], but also wrote The Phoenician Women and Phaedra [FAY-druh]. *Name the inventor of revenge tragedy with The Madness of Hercules.*

SENECA (THE YOUNGER)

Colonel Brandon. Her sister Elinor accepts Edward Ferrars' proposal after Lucy Steele leaves him for his brother Robert. What is this story of the Dashwood sisters, written by Jane Austen?

SENSE AND SENSIBILITY

Identify the following sentence's grammatical structure: Sam bought his girlfriend, Mandy, an engagement ring.

SIMPLE (SENTENCE)

In this story, hairy apes and rocs that cause shipwrecks are likely allegories for pirates that beset ancient merchants. The title character makes, and loses, his fortune as he travels to and from Basra [BAHS-ruh] on seven voyages. Identify this story from The Thousand and One Nights.

SINBAD THE SAILOR (Not: SINBAD alone)

Along with the rondeau [ron-DOH] and terza rima [TAYR-tsuh REE-muh], Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced this poetic form into the English language. Henry Howard, the Earl of Surrey, also translated many examples written by Petrarch [PEE-trark]. *Identify this type of poem containing 14 lines, of which Shakespeare wrote 154.*

SONNET

In this novel, a young man falls in love with both Clara Dawes and Miriam, but ultimately rejects both of them. Paul Morel realizes that he can never love a woman more than he loves his mother. What is this semi-autobiographical novel by D. H. Lawrence?

SONS AND LOVERS

In this work, the author traces his evolution from a Black Panther and Black Muslim to an anti- Communist Christian. He discloses his life as an exile in Algeria. What Eldridge Cleaver memoir is the sequel to Soul on Ice?

SOUL ON FIRE

Identify the grammatical error, if one exists, in the following sentence: Sharon tried to quickly eat dinner so she could meet her friends.

SPLIT INFINITIVE

If someone mistakenly calls a crushing blow a "blushing crow," he is using this literary device. It takes its name from an English clergyman known for such slips of the tongue. Name this device, which transposes initial word sounds for humorous effect.

SPOONERISM

In this drama, Nina Leeds marries Sam Evans, but aborts his baby when she discovers his family's hereditary madness. She then conceives a child with Dr. Ned Darrell, but deceives her son Gordon into thinking that Sam is his father. What is this Pulitzer-winning play by Eugene O'Neill?

STRANGE INTERLUDE

*Give the degree of the adjective in the following sentence: Of all the neighborhood's dogs, ours is the largest.*

SUPERLATIVE

How many prepositional phrases appear in the following sentence: "At home, we finish our chores in time to help Mom with cake baking"?

THREE

Because he failed to prevent the capture of Amphipolis [am-FIP-uh-lis], this historian was sentenced to twenty years in exile. His most famous work chronicles the twenty-five-year war between Athens and Sparta. *Identify the writer of History of the Peloponnesian War.*

THUCYDIDES

After this Shakespearean character gives his friends expensive gifts, his servant, Flavius, informs him of his debts. He leaves the city, lives bitterly in a cave, and gives Alcibiades [al-suh- BYE-uh-deez] money to raise an army and destroy Athens. *Identify this protagonist of a Shakespearean tragedy.*

TIMON (OF ATHENS)

In this tragedy, first performed between 1629 and 1633, Giovanni has an incestuous relationship with his sister, Annabella. When she becomes pregnant, she agrees to marry her suitor, Soranzo, but Giovanni kills her first. What is this controversial play by John Ford?

TIS PITY SHE'S A *****

First and last name required. This foundling wins the love of his virtuous neighbor, Sophia Western. Squire Allworthy adopts him after suspecting that he belongs to the squire's servant, Jenny. *Who is this picaresque Henry Fielding hero?*

TOM JONES

According to legend, this master of lüshi [LOO SHEE], or regulated verse, died after overindulging in food and wine following a ten-day fast. He wrote of the An Lushan [ahn loo- SHAHN] rebellion in "The Ballad of the Army Carts," and of court luxury in "The Beautiful Woman." *Name this Chinese poet, the contemporary of Li Po.*

TU FU (DU FU)

Each of these sacred works includes a samhita, brahmana, and aranyaka. Its four books impart knowledge of verses, chants, sacrifice, and the fire priest, respectively. *Give the name of these oldest sacred Hindu texts, the source of the Upanishads.*

VEDA(S)

In Roman de Brut [roh-MAHN duh BROO], this poet paraphrased the history of the Britons, as recorded by Geoffrey of Monmouth. King Henry the Second commissioned his other verse chronicle, which recounted the history of his Norman ancestors. Give the author of Roman de Rou [roh-MAHN de ROO].

WACE

As this play's title character is invisible, and possibly capable of punishing or saving people, critics have deemed him a stand-in for God. Pozzo mistreats Lucky as Vladimir and Estragon discuss life and hope that the title character will eventually appear. *Give the title of this "play in which nothing happens...twice," written by Samuel Beckett.*

WAITING FOR GODOT

Characters in this play's seven vignettes include the industrialist Fayette, Dr. Benjamin, and the union leader Harry Fatt. *A group of taxi drivers debate whether or not to strike while they await the title character's entrance. Name this Socialist play by Clifford Odets.*

WAITING FOR LEFTY

In one of this work's essays, the author recounts the night he spent in jail for refusing to pay a poll tax. It asserts that, "The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation," and recounts the author's attempt to "live deliberately." What is this Transcendentalist work, subtitled Life in the Woods, by Henry David Thoreau [thuh-ROH]?

WALDEN

At various points in this novel, Anatole Kuragin, Pierre Bezukhov, and Prince Andrey Bolkonski fall in love with Natasha Rostova. It chronicles the fortunes of five aristocratic Russian families during the country's war against Napoleon, from 1805 to 1814. *Give the title of this epic historical novel by Leo Tolstoy.*

WAR AND PEACE

In this play, a love triangle develops among Captain Flagg, Charmaine, and First Sergeant Quirt. The men, two U.S. Marine Corps officers, both abandon Charmaine to fight World War One in France. Identify this play by Laurence Stallings and Maxwell Anderson.

WHAT PRICE GLORY?

*Give the following sentence's adverbial clause: "I heard the car horn when I took my earphones out."*

WHEN I TOOK MY EARPHONES OUT

First and last name required. This character has affairs with Anne Stanton and Sadie Burke, and keeps Tiny Duffy as an adviser. He blackmails opponents to rise through the political hierarchy until he becomes Louisiana's governor during the Depression. *Name this character, based on real-life politician Huey Long, from Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men.*

WILLIE STARK

First and last name required. This protagonist imagines conversations with his deceased brother Ben, who made his fortune in Alaska. He is plagued by guilt over his affair with The Woman, a relationship his wife, Linda, is oblivious to, but which his sons, Biff and Happy, know about. *Name the doomed main character of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.*

WILLY LOMAN

First and last name answer required. This character records his secret anti-party thoughts in an illegal diary, including his belief that O'Brien is a member of the Brotherhood. He meets his girlfriend, Julia, while working at the Ministry of Truth, but betrays her after facing torture in Room 101. *Name the protagonist of George Orwell's novel 1984.*

WINSTON SMITH

After this figure's father was executed for stealing from Heaven, this individual was grown inside the preserved body for three years. Along with his miraculous birth, this man would later build channels with the help of dragons to allow floodwaters to flow out into the sea. *Who is this Chinese hero and the founder of the Xia [SHAH] dynasty?*

YU (THE GREAT)

Charles Dickens used this literary device in the sentence, "Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave." It uses a word, typically a verb or adjective, to apply to more than one noun. *Identify this device, beginning with the letter Z.*

ZEUGMA