First Aid and Emergency Response

Personal protective equipment in a first-aid kit would include ________________.

gloves - First aid kits may include specialized medicines and equipment. All first-aid kits should include personal protective equipment to keep the rescuer safe.

What PPE equipment should be worn in the case of inhaling tiny particles of infectious matter? a. gown b. gloves c. respirator

c. respirator

steps to assisting a choking victim

- Ask the victim "Are you choking?" - Have someone call 9-1-1. - Give abdominal thrusts by standing behind the victim, making a fist, and covering the fist with your other hand. Press inward and upward with your fist. This is also known as the Heimlich maneuver - Continue until the foreign object is removed and the victim can breathe.

When giving CPR, there are ____________ chest compressions for every _____________ breaths.

30 chest compressions for every 2 breaths

Specialized tools and supplies allow a rescuer to carry out many different first-aid procedures:

- an AED can be used to revive a patient who has no pulse - first-aid kits contain supplies that most ordinary citizens know how to use - oxygen cylinders and catheters are specialized pieces of equipment that trained emergency medical technicians can use at the scene of an accident

Situations that might warrant wearing a gown include:

- an accident involving multiple wounded victims - emergency childbirth - a person with an injury resulting in heavy bleeding

Contents of a First-Aid Kit

- bandages, gauze, adhesive tape, and dressings to care for traumatic injuries - personal protective equipment such as gloves and masks to protect the rescuer - aspirin, painkillers, and medications to treat common allergies

Life Support Techniques

- first aid - CPR - the Heimlich maneuver

Types of PPE:

- gowns - mask - protective eyewear - surgical cap - shoe covers - gloves - respirators

basic steps of CPR:

- if there is no pulse, give thirty chest compressions at a rate of one hundred per minute - position the patient face up and open the airway by tilting the head back - give two breaths holding the patient's nose closed and breathing into the patient's mouth - repeat as necessary, stopping to check the patient's pulse and breathing periodically - use an AED, if available, to try and get the heart beating again

AED Step by Step

1. Turn the AED on and remove clothing from the patient's chest. 2. Apply the electrodes to the patient's skin where indicated. 3. Press the ANALYZE button and make sure no one is touching the patient. 4. If the AED indicates an irregular rhythm, it will deliver a shock. 5. Continue CPR if the shock does not result in the victim regaining a pulse. 6. If the AED does not deliver a shock, continue CPR.

If a(n) ____________ is available, it can be used to help revive the patient.

AED

health insurance

a type of coverage that helps individuals pay for medical expenses over time

emergency medical technician (EMT)

a first responder who has further training and certifications

deductible

a fixed amount that a patient must pay directly to a healthcare provider for healthcare services before the insurance company begins to pay, and that is reset every years

Which qualities would a first responder look for in a patient's respiration rate? Check all that apply. a. sound b. rhythm c. moisture d. temperature

a and b

Which of the following steps should you taken when using an AED? Check all that apply. a. place the electrodes on the victim's chest b. listen closely to the instructions delivered by the AED c. keep measuring the victim's pulse while the AED is shocking the victim d. if the AED does not indicate a shock is necessary, stop doing CPR

a and b - No one should be touching the patient while a shock is being delivered by an AED. Also, the first responder should only stop providing CPR when the victim regains a pulse or when advanced medical care arrives to take over.

Who is not required to give informed consent at an emergency scene? Check all the apply. a. an unresponsive patient b. a patient who has an infectious disease c. a patient who is a member of your family d. a patient whose life is immediately threathened

a and d

tracheal tube

a catheter placed into the trachea

IV

a catheter that is placed into a vein, giving direct access to a patient's bloodstream

foreign body airway obstruction

a condition in which something struck in the airway is preventing air from getting into the lungs

automated external defibrillator

a device that can restart a heart that has stopped beating

co-pay

a fee that is charged in the healthcare industry at the time of the service

A child slips and falls into a family pool. The child is found unconscious. Most likely, the first healthcare responder who will assist the child in this scenario would be ________________. The child would then most likely be treated by _________________. Lastly, the child would be treated by ___________________.

a first responder an emergency medical technician a hospital physician

catheter

a hollow tube inserted into the body

first-aid kit

a package of materials that would be useful in a medical emergency

face mask

a physical barrier that covers the face

first aid

a procedure that is done in immediate response to a medical emergency

radial pulse

a pulse that can be found by placing two finger on the thumb side of the inner wrist

carotid pulse

a pulse that can be found by placing two fingers on a person's neck, beneath the jaw line

respirator

a specialized mask that protect the wearer from inhaling tiny airborne particles

emergency medical services (EMS)

a system of people responsible for delivering care at an emergency scene and transporting injured patients to advanced medical facilities when needed

Which items would typically be found in a home first-aid kit? Check all that apply. a. bandages b. gloves c. allergy medication d. medications for high-altitude illness

a, b, and c

Which of the following are considered a part of emergency medical services? Check all that apply. a. ambulance b. family member c. EMT d. emergency room nurse

a, c, and d

Which of the following individuals are most likely to have some first-responder training? Check all that apply. a. firefighter b. student c. paramedic d. lifeguard

a, c, and d - Paramedics are not the only people with first responder training. Any individual who is likely to be the first one to arrive at the scene of a accident would benefit from training.

A teacher, fitness instructor, or other community member might be trained in _______________. a. CPR/AED b. administering a catheter c. providing supplemental oxygen d. performing advanced heart-monitoring procedures

a. CPR/AED

In which of the following scenarios might a first responder need to use an AED? a. when a patient's heart is in fibrillation b. when a patient indicates he is choking c. when a patient is coughing violently from a chest infection d. when a patient has been severely burned in a chemical fire

a. when a patient's heart is in fibrillation

What PPE equipment should be worn in the case of a contamination with massive amounts of blood spatter from a patient? a. gown b. goggles c. respirator

a. gown

If you arrive at the scene with an unconscious patient who has no pulse and you do not have a CPR mask, you should... a. perform CPR anyway b. call 9-1-1 and sit with the patient c. use a respirator in place of a CPR mask d. wait until someone with a CPR mask arrives

a. perform CPR anyway

Why is it important for first responders to select the appropriate personal protective equipment before providing medical assistance to a sick or injured person? a. to prevent transmission of infectious disease b. to make the patient feel like the rescuer knows what to do c. to protect the rescuer from patients who are known to carry diseases in the blood

a. to prevent transmission of infectious disease - Personal protective equipment is used by first responders and medical personnel with advanced training to reduce personal risk of contracting an infectious disease.

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act

an act that gives all individuals the right to emergency services in the United States

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

an emergency technique used to assist a person who has stopped breathing and has no heartbeat

fibrillation

an event that occurs when the electrical impulses in the heart are random and the heart cannot pump any blood

first responder

an individual who has received training and certification related to first aid and pre-hospital medical care

Who most likely qualifies for government health insurance? Check all that apply. a. hospital administrator b. soldier in the US military c. seventy-year-old retired farmer d. famous actress

b and c

Which of the following situations would require the use of emergency medical services? Check all that apply. a. screen for breast cancer b. breaking a wrist in a fall c. having a heart attack d. refilling a prescription

b and c - Only situations that require immediate care are appropriate for initiating emergency medical services. Breast cancer screening and prescription refills can be scheduled in advance.

Which responses should you expect from a choking victim after asking, "Are you choking?" Check all that apply. a. "Yes! Please help!" b. no spoken response c. victim grabbing for the neck d. loud coughing and gasping sounds

b and c - When a victim is unable to respond with words when asked if choking, then it is time to take immediate action. Use the Heimlich maneuver on a choking adult in this situation.

Which of the following are patient vital signs? Check all that apply. a. age b. respiration rate c. HIV infection status d. skin color, temperature, and moisture

b and d

What does a typical patient with private health insurance pay for a visit to the emergency room? a. nothing b. a co-pay c. a deductible d. the entire charge

b. a co-pay - Health insurance helps to keep patients' costs down when they receive emergency or standard medical care. An insured patient is only responsible for paying some of the amount incurred by obtaining medical care.

A patient must provide informed consent before... a. an AED is used b. any medical care is given c. professionals with advanced training arrive at the scene d. invasive medical techniques, such as surgery, are used

b. any medical care is given

How is heart rate measured? a. by using an AED b. by taking the pulse c. by using a thermometer d. by counting the number of inhalations per minute

b. by taking the pulse

What personal protective equipment should a first responder use to care for a patient who has taken a fall but is not bleeding? a. none b. gloves c. gloves and a mask d. gloves and a gun

b. gloves

What equipment should be used in the case of contamination of the eyes with airborne particles? a. gown b. goggles c. respirator

b. goggles - Different types of PPE protect against different methods of disease transmission. Choosing the correct type of PPE in an emergency scenario can protect the first responder from contracting an infectious disease.

If you are in an emergency scenario and have forgotten how to use an AED, what should you do? a. do nothing until the EMTs arrive b. listen to the voice instructions on the AED c. perform the Heimlich maneuver on the patient instead d. read the extensive operator's manual packaged with the AED

b. listen to the voice instructions on the AED

The highest level of EMT training that can be achieved is ____________. a. basic b. paramedic c. intermediate

b. paramedic

What PPE equipment should be worn in the case of an infection with a patient's blood on the first responder's hands? a. mask b. gown c. gloves

c. gloves

When giving breaths to the patient, you must be sure to a. position the AED b. check the radial pulse after c. keep the patients nostrils closed d. give chest compressions at the same time

c. keep the patient's nostrils closed

Where would a first responder try to find a pulse a patient who has been knocked unconscious? a. at the wrist b. at the ankle c. on the neck d. directly over the heart

c. on the neck

In which scenario would a first responder initiate CPR? a. when a woman is choking in a restaurant b. when a person suddenly loses consciousness, in unresponsive, and has a pulse c. when a man is found face down in the street with no pulse, and he is not breathing d. when a girl falls from a secondary story window, has broken bones, and is severely bleeding

c. when a man is found face down in the street with no pulse, and he is not breathing - CPR can be used to help save a life only if an individual is in cardiac arrest.

emergency care

care provided at the scene of an accident or medical emergency

oxygen cylinders

containers of oxygen stored under pressure

In the United States, who is entitled to emergency medical care? a. only patients with private health insurance b. only patients with government health insurance c. only patients with private or government health insurance d. everyone, regardless of whether they have health insurance

d. everyone, regardless of whether they have health insurance

All levels of first responder training cover a. how to diagnose infectious diseases b. how to administer several different medications to sick patients c. how to use equipment like catheters, oxygen cylinders, and IVs d. how to handle an emergency situation before advanced medical care is available

d. how to handle an emergency situation before advanced medical care is available

Why would it be beneficial to use a CPR mask when giving CPR? a. to provide pure oxygen to the patient b. to protect yourself from airborne particles c. to make it easier to insert a tracheal tube d. to prevent the possible transmission of infectious disease

d. to prevent the possible transmission of infectious disease

Which of the following pieces of equipment would most likely be used with an oxygen cylinder on an unresponsive patient? a. IV b. AED c. eyewash d. tracheal tube

d. tracheal tube

In which situation would wearing goggle be important? a. when a patient complains of severe chest pain b. when a patient appears to have sprained an ankle c. when a patient is unresponsive after falling from height when a patient is coughing violently for an unknown reason

d. when a patient is coughing violently for an unknown reason

decontamination equipment

equipment that can be used to flush an area on a person's body that has come into contact with toxic chemicals or has been burned

Which equipment would most likely be used when a patient is having an allergic reaction to a plant in a park?

first-aid kit - A first responder should be able to determine quickly what equipment is best applied to a patient having a medical emergency.

A first responder arrives at the scene of a car accident. A young man is screaming for help. Immediately, the first responder should _________. The first responder should then try to determine _____________. Before helping the victim, the first responder should __________.

look for any hazards on the scene what happened use BSI precautions The rescuer must ensure his own safety. If the rescuer were to become injured during the course of assisting a patient, additional medical staff and resources would be needed to provide care for two patients instead of one.

Which equipment would most likely be used when a victim has just been taken out of a fire and is having difficulty breathing?

oxygen cylinder

body substance isolation precautions

precautions taken during a medical emergency to maintain a responder's safety and health

standard medical care

routine medical care such as physical checkups or therapy for ongoing conditions

The contents of first-aid kits are _______________.

specialized for the location

EMT-intermediate

the EMT training that builds on EMT-basic and adds advanced procedures such as administering intravenous (IV) fluids and some medications, as well as using more complex medical devices

informed consent

the consent that a patient gives for a healthcare treatment or procedure, only after the patient is made fully aware of all of the benefits and possible side effects

mechanism of injury

the event that happened to cause a medical emergency

cardiac arrest

the event that occurs when the heart experiences severe damage or electrical trouble and stops beating

Heimlich maneuver

the process of giving abdominal thrusts by standing behind a choking victim, making a fist, covering the fist with your other hand, and pressing inward and upward with your fist

vital signs

the indicators of a patient's health condition, such as heart and respiration rates

EMT-basic

the least amount of EMT training, which focuses on noninvasive procedures such as maintaining an airway, providing supplemental oxygen, and handling multiple-patient situations

pulse

the measurement of heart rate, which is found by feeling the skin above an artery

EMT-paramedic

the most advanced level of EMT training, which usually takes two years to complete and which teaches the EMT how to administer many medications and perform advanced heart-monitoring procedures

respiration rate

the number of times a person inhales or exhales per minute

heart rate

the number of times the heart beat per minute

triage

the part of a response to a medical emergency that involves determining who needs medical attention first