Blood (Chapter 11, 13)

water, solutes

Plasma characteristics: * straw-colored * 91.5 % ______ & 8.5 % dissolved ________ (including CO2, minerals) * Some solutes are plasma proteins such as albumin

repel, hemostasis

Platelets normally ______ each other, unless activated; trigger is collagen * function = __________ (stoppage of bleeding)

Erythropoiesis

RBC production; (requires a hormone from kidney called erythropoietin.)

hematocrit, blood, plasma

Red Blood Cells: An important measurement involving RBCs is the ____________. The hematocrit is the ratio of ______ cells to _______ (ie packed red blood cells). > It's reflective of the body's O2 carrying capacity.

5, light

Leucocytes (WBCs) __ kinds Nucleated (polymorpho-nucleated) Only viewable with a ______ microscope Larger but less numerous than RBCs Function 1. protect against invading microbes 2. remove dead cells/debris from tissues Divided into 2 categories

Agranulocytes, Granulocytes

Leucocytes (wbc's) 2 categories - _______________ = cytoplasm w/o granules - ______________ = cytoplasm w/ granules

Lymphatic

Lymphatic organs, lymph& lymphatic vessels are all parts of the ____________ system

circulation

The heart provides the major force for ____________ of the blood.

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

What are 3 of the many types of plasma proteins?

Tunica intima (innermost), Tunica media (middle), Tunica adventitia (outermost)

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?

transportation, regulation, protection

What are the functions of blood? _____________ = O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, wastes ____________ = pH, body temp., osmolality, ions ____________ = against blood loss, foreign microbes & toxins

water

What is the major component of plasma?

Erythrocytes

* Biconcave discs = thin center & thick edges * Flexible * Life span 120 days * No nucleus * Smaller than WBCs but more numerous - Main component is pigmented protein called hemoglobin

red

All blood cell production occurs in the ___ bone marrow, which is found in the AXIAL SKELETON, pelvic and pectoral girdles, and proximal epiphysis of humerus & femur.

immunity, T, B

Agranulocytes (2) Lymphocytes = large nucleus(2/3), provide cell-mediated __________ 2 kinds lymphocytes - __ lymphocytes - __ lymphocytes (antibodies)

WBCs

Agranulocytes (2) Monocytes = round, kidney- shaped or lobed nucleus 1. phagocytic _____ 2. can enter tissues = - diapedisis--squeeze b/w cells that form BV walls - outside blood move in the spaces between cells by amoeboid motion

abundant, liver, pressure, volume

Albumin--Plasma Protein 1. Most ___________ plasma protein 2. Synthesized by ______ 3. Function: maintains blood's osmotic _________ (water movement between tissue & blood) to maintain blood _________

stem

All blood cells are made from _____ cells.

antibodies, antigens, clumping

Blood Plasma: Contains ___________ which bind to blood _________ and cause agglutination __________ of RBCs A person has opposite antibodies to their antigens

viscous, 7.35-7.45, 5-6, 2

Blood characteristics: * more ________ than water * pH = ____-____ * __-__ liters * divided into __ components (formed elements & liquid components)

connective, bold-faced

Blood is a ___________ tissue; formed elements w/proteins, & few cells with a lot of distance between each other _____-______ transport; transportation where something is pushed through the blood

Cardiovascular

Blood, blood vessels, & heart are all parts of the ____________________ system

connective, formed elements, liquid, waste, 5

Blood: 1) is a type of ___________ tissue. 2) consists of ________ _______ & ______ 3) transports _______ products from cells. 4) has a total volume of approximately __ liters.

hemoglobin

Erythrocytes contain a large amount of _____________.

liver, alpha, beta, gamma, fat-soluble

Globulins--Plasma Protein 1. produced by liver 2. 3 types (_____, _____, and ________) 3. alpha & beta globulins; function = transport fat and ____-_______ vitamins 4. Gamma globulins (aka immunoglobulins or antibodies) - function to protect and provide immunity

Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

Granulocytes (3) ___________ = pink granules (phagocytic) __________ = blue granules release histamine/heparin ___________= red granules release chemicals to decrease inflammation and attack worm parasites

closed

The cardiovascular system is ________ but is leaky to test for foreign bodies.

veins

blood flows from capillaries to the _____ and returns the blood to the heart

Hematopoiesis

blood cell production (in general)

arteries

carry blood away from the heart; repeated branching eventually leads to arterioles

Thrombocytes

cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes that shed their cytoplasm (large cells)