Blood (Chapter 11, 13)
water, solutes
Plasma characteristics: * straw-colored * 91.5 % ______ & 8.5 % dissolved ________ (including CO2, minerals) * Some solutes are plasma proteins such as albumin
repel, hemostasis
Platelets normally ______ each other, unless activated; trigger is collagen * function = __________ (stoppage of bleeding)
Erythropoiesis
RBC production; (requires a hormone from kidney called erythropoietin.)
hematocrit, blood, plasma
Red Blood Cells: An important measurement involving RBCs is the ____________. The hematocrit is the ratio of ______ cells to _______ (ie packed red blood cells). > It's reflective of the body's O2 carrying capacity.
5, light
Leucocytes (WBCs) __ kinds Nucleated (polymorpho-nucleated) Only viewable with a ______ microscope Larger but less numerous than RBCs Function 1. protect against invading microbes 2. remove dead cells/debris from tissues Divided into 2 categories
Agranulocytes, Granulocytes
Leucocytes (wbc's) 2 categories - _______________ = cytoplasm w/o granules - ______________ = cytoplasm w/ granules
Lymphatic
Lymphatic organs, lymph& lymphatic vessels are all parts of the ____________ system
circulation
The heart provides the major force for ____________ of the blood.
Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What are 3 of the many types of plasma proteins?
Tunica intima (innermost), Tunica media (middle), Tunica adventitia (outermost)
What are the 3 layers of blood vessels?
transportation, regulation, protection
What are the functions of blood? _____________ = O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, wastes ____________ = pH, body temp., osmolality, ions ____________ = against blood loss, foreign microbes & toxins
water
What is the major component of plasma?
Erythrocytes
* Biconcave discs = thin center & thick edges * Flexible * Life span 120 days * No nucleus * Smaller than WBCs but more numerous - Main component is pigmented protein called hemoglobin
red
All blood cell production occurs in the ___ bone marrow, which is found in the AXIAL SKELETON, pelvic and pectoral girdles, and proximal epiphysis of humerus & femur.
immunity, T, B
Agranulocytes (2) Lymphocytes = large nucleus(2/3), provide cell-mediated __________ 2 kinds lymphocytes - __ lymphocytes - __ lymphocytes (antibodies)
WBCs
Agranulocytes (2) Monocytes = round, kidney- shaped or lobed nucleus 1. phagocytic _____ 2. can enter tissues = - diapedisis--squeeze b/w cells that form BV walls - outside blood move in the spaces between cells by amoeboid motion
abundant, liver, pressure, volume
Albumin--Plasma Protein 1. Most ___________ plasma protein 2. Synthesized by ______ 3. Function: maintains blood's osmotic _________ (water movement between tissue & blood) to maintain blood _________
stem
All blood cells are made from _____ cells.
antibodies, antigens, clumping
Blood Plasma: Contains ___________ which bind to blood _________ and cause agglutination __________ of RBCs A person has opposite antibodies to their antigens
viscous, 7.35-7.45, 5-6, 2
Blood characteristics: * more ________ than water * pH = ____-____ * __-__ liters * divided into __ components (formed elements & liquid components)
connective, bold-faced
Blood is a ___________ tissue; formed elements w/proteins, & few cells with a lot of distance between each other _____-______ transport; transportation where something is pushed through the blood
Cardiovascular
Blood, blood vessels, & heart are all parts of the ____________________ system
connective, formed elements, liquid, waste, 5
Blood: 1) is a type of ___________ tissue. 2) consists of ________ _______ & ______ 3) transports _______ products from cells. 4) has a total volume of approximately __ liters.
hemoglobin
Erythrocytes contain a large amount of _____________.
liver, alpha, beta, gamma, fat-soluble
Globulins--Plasma Protein 1. produced by liver 2. 3 types (_____, _____, and ________) 3. alpha & beta globulins; function = transport fat and ____-_______ vitamins 4. Gamma globulins (aka immunoglobulins or antibodies) - function to protect and provide immunity
Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils
Granulocytes (3) ___________ = pink granules (phagocytic) __________ = blue granules release histamine/heparin ___________= red granules release chemicals to decrease inflammation and attack worm parasites
closed
The cardiovascular system is ________ but is leaky to test for foreign bodies.
veins
blood flows from capillaries to the _____ and returns the blood to the heart
Hematopoiesis
blood cell production (in general)
arteries
carry blood away from the heart; repeated branching eventually leads to arterioles
Thrombocytes
cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes that shed their cytoplasm (large cells)