FIVS 205 Exam 1

When did Edmond Locard propose his principle of contact?

1910

What year did Dr. Leon Lattes develop a test to determine the blood group of a dried bloodstain?

1915

A draft of what would become the Federal Rules of Evidence was put forth in:

1969

When did the Federal Rules of Evidence come into existence?

1975

When did the Daubert test come into existence?

1993

Which of these Federal Rules of Evidence deals with expert witness testimony?

702

"According to your reading, what is increasingly the entry-level requirement for a crime scene processing job?"

A science degree from a college or university

What would be considered an exigent circumstance?

A scream for help behind a locked door

According to your reading, what is ethics?

A set of rules that govern conduct of a professional working in a given field

Which of these is considered direct evidence?

A witness statement

Which of these is the national professional society for forensic scientists in the US (and one you should join if you are going into forensics)?

AAFS

Dr. Locard studied under which well-known forensic scientist?

Dr. Bertillon

What name did the Daubert decision refer to the judge as?

Gatekeeper

"Who wrote 'Criminal Investigation', the first recognized forensic science text published in 1893?"

Hans Gross

What is an exemplar?

a known standard collected by investigators

A microscopic crime scene on a body is most likely to be searched by:

a medical examiner

By definition, forensic evidence is:

circumstantial

The classification of the crime scene labels the site of the original first criminal activity as what?

primary crime scene

Which of these is NOT a commonly employed search method at a crime scene?

random

Which of these is an example of use of individual characteristics?

random striation markings on bullets

The word 'forensics' actually means:

"Belonging to, used in, or suitable to courts of judicature; an argument"

What is forensics?

"pertaining to, connected with, or used in courts of law"

Which amendment is known as the 'unreasonable search and seizure' ammendment?

14th

What term best describes when a laboratory has agreed to operate according to a professional or industry standard and has proven that it can and does operate this way?

Accreditation

Which of these is a requirement to be a forensic scientist?

All of these -Ability to reason during times when human emotion may attempt to override rationality -Ability to be rational in applying tenets of forensic science to real life situations -Ability to address life's grimmest realities while maintaining human feeling

Forensic science should:

All of these -Help distinguish evidence from coincidence without ambiguity - All alternative results -Allow for certainty and probabilistic considerations -pursue general impressions to the level of specific details

Which of these has the potential to be class evidence?

All of these have potential to be class evidence: Geometric evidence Chemical evidence Transfer evidence Trace evidence and Transfer evidence are mutually exclusive

Which of these is considered circumstantial evidence?

All of these: -Fingerprints lifted off the murder weapon -DNA matching a suspect found on the victim -A footprint matching the suspect near a secondary crime scene

Which of these is an example of individual characteristic evidence?

All of these: Fingerprints DNA Fracture Matches

Which of these has the possibility of being used as physical evidence?

All of these: Pollen an insect leg dust soil particles

According to your reading, the word 'forensics' basically means:

An argument

"According to your lessons, what is a forensic scientist?"

An independent finder of fact

Bertillonage is also known as:

Anthropometry

What is forensic science?

Application of a broad spectrum of sciences and technologies to investigate and establish facts of interest in relation to criminal or civil law

Items considered of unknown or questioned origin until a comparison is made to a known standard are called:

Associative Evidence

Why wasn't Bertillon able to identify the thief that stole the Mona Lisa in 1911?

Because fingerprints were left behind from the left hand, and Bertillon only took the fingerprints of a suspect's right hand

"In general, when is most evidence likely to have been analyzed by forensic scientists?"

Before the arrest of the defendant

In general when is most evidence likely to have been analyzed by forensic scientists?

Before the arrest of the defendant

DNA most commonly falls into which of these categories?

Biological evidence

What is the purpose of the forensic laboratory?

Both of these - It is responsible for the analysis of evidence - It must insure everyone involved in a case is educated in understanding that evidence

You are trying to analyze some DNA evidence. Which forensic database should you use?

CODIS

When a forensic scientist has completed a written test covering his or her discipline and completes proficiency testing to ensure methods and techniques are sound, that scientist is considered:"

Certified

Matching a paint chip to a manufacturer is what type of evidence?

Class

What type of evidence comes into court and does not reference a particular suspect?

Class Characteristic

What to digital imaging tools do to the traditional video and still photography used in crime scene documentation?

Complement

What kind of documentation must be followed if any new items of evidence are found?

Consistent with the other documentation

Which of these states that the known or potential error rates of the theory or technique needs to be applied?

Daubert test

"linkage of persons, scenes or objects is based on what?"

Edmond Locard's exchange principle

This phrase is a simplified version of Locard's Exchange Principle

Every contact leaves a trace

What is Locard's exchange principle?

Every contact leaves a trace

Associative evidence must be compared to a(n):

Exemplar

IAFIS is maintained by which governmental body?

FBI

What jurisdiction do the FRE apply to?

Federal

What jurisdiction to the FRE apply to?

Federal

Sir Francis Galton wrote which book?

Finger Prints

The markings left on a bullet after it is fired from a gun are an example of:

Firearm and tool mark evidence

Which of these is known at the "general acceptance test"?

Frye

What were the scientists responsible for the early discoveries in forensic science considered due to the fact that they worked in many forensic disciplines?

Generalists

Who is credited with establishing the scientific examination of firearms in the US?

Goddard

Which jury is tasked with handing down an indictment?

Grand jury

Who coined the term criminalistics?

Hans Gross

_____ Tests attempt to answer the question "what is it?"

Identification tests

You are examining tire marks in mud at a crime scene. Which type of evidence is this?

Impression evidence

Which of these references a particular suspect?

Individual characteristic evidence

Direct evidence

Is evidence that establishes a fact without the need for further inference

A primary crime scene:

Is the site of the original or first criminal activity

"you illegally search a scene, and find hair and fibers hat lead you to a particular car with a murder weapon. During trial, the murder weapon is removed from evidence. Why?"

It is fruit from the poisonous tree

Why is a crime scene sketch essential during scene documentation?

It records the actual size or measurement of the scene and its physical evidence

A region or geographical area over which law enforcement or a legal entity can excise authority is known as:

Jurisdiction

Court cases define the term "scientific" as:

Knowledge generated through the use of the scientific method

According to a 2009 report, which of these is a major challenge to the forensic sciences?

Lack of rigorous research into the sciences

Which of these is an example of Class characteristic evidence?

None of these: Fingerprints DNA Fracture matches

What is a scientist?

One engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge

You are trying to analyze some car paint from a hit and run. Which forensic database should you use?

PDQ

A good example of a fixed point for sketching a crime scene would be:

Recorded utility pole

"According to your lessons, what is the greatest contribution to forensics by private labs?"

Retesting evidence examined by government or public labs

You are working the scene of a body dump in which the victim was killed elsewhere. How do you classify the dump site?

Secondary crime scene

Which of these is NOT a way to define a crime scene?

Size

Rule 702 deals with:

Testimony by Experts

Victor Balthazard wrote which book?

The Hair of Man and Animals

"In law, which entity or person determines the truth?"

The judge or jury

Which of these is considered a macroscopic crime scene?

The kitchen in which a woman was attacked

Which of these is the primary concern of the first responder?

The victim

You are hammering a nail into a wall when you miss and strike the wall itself. What type of evidence did you just leave behind?

Tool mark evidence

Which of these historical figures helped advance fingerprint, firearms, and hair analysis in Paris?

Victor Balthazard

"When a lawyer introduces a scientist and has that person describe his or her qualifications in an effort to become recognized as an expert witness, it is called: "

Voir Dire

How is an experts qualification to testify established?

Voir Dire

Who starts the chain of custody?

Whoever collected the evidence

private laboratories:

are businesses designed to make a profit

______ tests attempt to answer the question 'does it match?'

comparison test

what is evidence?

court approved information that the trier of fact is allowed to consider when determining a defendants guilt or innocence

Who solves crimes?

investigators

"Which of these may be called a 'trier of fact'?"

jury

What is the first step of the scientific method?

observation

circumstantial evidence

requires inference from a fact that is directly proven

There are two basic types of sketches as part of a crime scene investigation:

rough sketch and final sketch

Showing many graphic and disturbing images during a court case would be in violation of:

rule 403

You find a pair of Levi jeans at the scene of the crime. Which of these would be considered a class characteristic for this piece of evidence?

size of the jeans

The microscopic classification of a crime scene is focused on:

specific types of physical evidence found in a macroscopic crime scene

What is forensic science? (choose best answer here)

the meeting of science and the courts of law