Flowers

Name nine inflorescence types

cyme, spike, raceme, panicle, corymb, umbel, spadix, catkin, and head

indeterminate

the type of an inflorescence that can continue growing from the tip, producing more flowers indefintely; the last flower to open is terminal on the main axis, and the progression of flowering is upward or inward

inflorescence

the cluster of flowers on a branch or system of branches

ovary

the enlarged base of the carpel that holds one to many ovules and trasforms into a fruit after fertilization

carpel

the female part of a flower, composed of the stigma, the style, and the ovary

corolla

the group of petals on a flower

vernalization

the initiation of flowering by satisfying a cold requirement

peduncle

the main stem of an inflorescence

stamen

the male reproductive part of a flower consisting of a filament and an anther that produces pollen

pedicel

the plant stem that holds a flower

anther

the pollen bearing structure of a stamen; usually found at the top of the filament

receptacle

the portion of the pedicel to which the flower parts are attached

flower

the reproductive organ of a flowering plant

perianth

the sepals and the petals together

calyx

the set of sepals on flower

style

the stalk of the carpel connecting the stigma to the ovary

filament

the stalk that holds the anther at its tip

determinate

the type of an inflorescence that has a fixed endpoint, with a terminal flower usually opening first; the progression of flowering is downward or outward

How do short-day and long - day plants compare?

A plant that flowers naturally in late summer and fall when the day length gets shorter is a short-day plant. A plant that flowers as days lengthen and nights get shorter in the spring and early summer is a long-day plant.

Describe the four major components of a flower

A sepal is a green leaf-like structure on the exterior of a flower that protects the flower as a bud. A petal is a unit of the inner floral envelope that is often very colorful and functions to attract pollinators, such as insects and birds. A stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of a filament and an anther that produces pollen. The carpel is the female part of a flower, composed of the stigma, the style, and the ovary. The carpel is located at the center of the flower.

How does temperature influence flowering in some plants?

Many plants require a specific amount of heat to flower. A plant's response to day and night temperatures is called thermoperiodism. Some plants must experience a period of cold temperatures to flower. The initiation of flowering by satisfying a cold temperature requirement is known as vernalization.

complete flower

a flower that has a full complement of parts, including sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel

perfect flower

a flower that has both male and female flower parts

imperfect flower

a flower that has either male parts or female parts

incomplete flower

a flower that lacks one or more of the four flower parts

sepal

a green leaf like structure on the exterior of a flower that protects the flower as a bud

photoreceptor

a light sensitivity pigment that absorbs light

pollen

a microspore made in the anther that produces sperm

tepal

a part of the perianth that cannot be distinguished as a petal or a sepal

phytochrome

a photoreceptor within plants that detects day length

long day plant

a plant that flowers as days lengthen and nights get shorter in the spring and early summer

short day plant

a plant that flowers naturally in lat summer and fall when the day length gets shorter

day neutral plant

a plant that is unaffected by day length

thermoperiodism

a plants response to day and night temperatures

photoperiodism

a plants response to light duration

stigma

a pollen receptive surface found at the end of a carpel

ovule

a structre that holds a macrospore that produces an egg and after fertilization develops into a seed

petal

a unit of the inner floral envelope that is often very colorful and functions to attract pollinators

monoecious

producing both male and female flowers on the same plant

dioecious

producting male and female flowers on separate plants

How do the following sets of terms compare?

• complete / incomplete: A complete flower is a flower that has a full complement of parts, including sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel. An incomplete flower is a flower that lacks one or more of the four flower parts. • perfect / imperfect: A perfect flower is a flower that has both male and female flower parts. An imperfect flower is a flower that has either male parts or female parts. • monoecious/ dioecious: A plant species producing both male and female flowers on the same plant is monoecious. A plant species producing male and female flowers on separate plants is dioecious.