Flowers
Name nine inflorescence types
cyme, spike, raceme, panicle, corymb, umbel, spadix, catkin, and head
indeterminate
the type of an inflorescence that can continue growing from the tip, producing more flowers indefintely; the last flower to open is terminal on the main axis, and the progression of flowering is upward or inward
inflorescence
the cluster of flowers on a branch or system of branches
ovary
the enlarged base of the carpel that holds one to many ovules and trasforms into a fruit after fertilization
carpel
the female part of a flower, composed of the stigma, the style, and the ovary
corolla
the group of petals on a flower
vernalization
the initiation of flowering by satisfying a cold requirement
peduncle
the main stem of an inflorescence
stamen
the male reproductive part of a flower consisting of a filament and an anther that produces pollen
pedicel
the plant stem that holds a flower
anther
the pollen bearing structure of a stamen; usually found at the top of the filament
receptacle
the portion of the pedicel to which the flower parts are attached
flower
the reproductive organ of a flowering plant
perianth
the sepals and the petals together
calyx
the set of sepals on flower
style
the stalk of the carpel connecting the stigma to the ovary
filament
the stalk that holds the anther at its tip
determinate
the type of an inflorescence that has a fixed endpoint, with a terminal flower usually opening first; the progression of flowering is downward or outward
How do short-day and long - day plants compare?
A plant that flowers naturally in late summer and fall when the day length gets shorter is a short-day plant. A plant that flowers as days lengthen and nights get shorter in the spring and early summer is a long-day plant.
Describe the four major components of a flower
A sepal is a green leaf-like structure on the exterior of a flower that protects the flower as a bud. A petal is a unit of the inner floral envelope that is often very colorful and functions to attract pollinators, such as insects and birds. A stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of a filament and an anther that produces pollen. The carpel is the female part of a flower, composed of the stigma, the style, and the ovary. The carpel is located at the center of the flower.
How does temperature influence flowering in some plants?
Many plants require a specific amount of heat to flower. A plant's response to day and night temperatures is called thermoperiodism. Some plants must experience a period of cold temperatures to flower. The initiation of flowering by satisfying a cold temperature requirement is known as vernalization.
complete flower
a flower that has a full complement of parts, including sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel
perfect flower
a flower that has both male and female flower parts
imperfect flower
a flower that has either male parts or female parts
incomplete flower
a flower that lacks one or more of the four flower parts
sepal
a green leaf like structure on the exterior of a flower that protects the flower as a bud
photoreceptor
a light sensitivity pigment that absorbs light
pollen
a microspore made in the anther that produces sperm
tepal
a part of the perianth that cannot be distinguished as a petal or a sepal
phytochrome
a photoreceptor within plants that detects day length
long day plant
a plant that flowers as days lengthen and nights get shorter in the spring and early summer
short day plant
a plant that flowers naturally in lat summer and fall when the day length gets shorter
day neutral plant
a plant that is unaffected by day length
thermoperiodism
a plants response to day and night temperatures
photoperiodism
a plants response to light duration
stigma
a pollen receptive surface found at the end of a carpel
ovule
a structre that holds a macrospore that produces an egg and after fertilization develops into a seed
petal
a unit of the inner floral envelope that is often very colorful and functions to attract pollinators
monoecious
producing both male and female flowers on the same plant
dioecious
producting male and female flowers on separate plants
How do the following sets of terms compare?
• complete / incomplete: A complete flower is a flower that has a full complement of parts, including sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel. An incomplete flower is a flower that lacks one or more of the four flower parts. • perfect / imperfect: A perfect flower is a flower that has both male and female flower parts. An imperfect flower is a flower that has either male parts or female parts. • monoecious/ dioecious: A plant species producing both male and female flowers on the same plant is monoecious. A plant species producing male and female flowers on separate plants is dioecious.