Foot ankle biomechanics ( studying pronation and supination and the cardinal planes involved)
pronation combination of 3 movements:
dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
supination is associated with
elevation of the medial longitudinal arch and a rigid foot
pronation is associated with :
lowering of the medial longitudinal arch and a pliable foot
in extreme causes supination is associated with:
pes cavus (high arch), abnormally raised longitudinal arch
in extreme cases pronation is associated with
pes planus (flat foot), or abnormally low medial longitudinal arch
supination combinations of 3 movements
plantarflexion, inversion, adduction
pronation and supination are _________________________ joint osteokinematics
subtalar