Formulating Evaluative Statements
1. Claim 2. Counterclaim 3. Reason 4. Evidence
Elements of Arguments
1. Show competence and familiarity with the writer's topic. 2. Examine different perspectives and not just passively accepting the writer's claim 3. Consider the topic, and make sure you are willing to engage different viewpoints from your own. 4. Clarify your personal position on the topic
Thing to remember to locate counterclaims to argument
1. Facts 2. Conventions 3. Opinion 4. Preference
Types of Assertion according to the degree of certainty
Counterclaims
a claim made to rebut a previous claim.
Assertion
contain languages that expresses evaluation such as useful, significant, important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, comprehensive, practical, impossible, etc.
Assertion
declarative sentences that gives one's belief about something else as if it is true though it may not be
Assertion
expressed as an argument
Conventions
its truthfulness can be verified only by reference to historical precedents, laws, rules, usage, and customs
Opinion
open to disputes
Counterclaim
opposite of claim
Reason
part of an argument where a statement of a claim offers an explanation behind a party's claim
Evaluative Statements
present the strengths and weaknesses of something based on a set of criteria which needs to be factual, substantial, and unbiased
Counterclaim
provide a contrasting perspective of the main argument
Opinion
results from ambiguities; the more ambiguous a statement, the more difficult it is to verify
Assertion
serves as primary way for readers to consider and possibly agree with the claims presented by the writer than expository writing
Preference
state a personal choice in which the writer is under no obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement
Opinion
statement based on facts but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness
Evaluative Statements
statement is about your own judgement of the text's content and properties
Claim
statement that assert facts based on one's understanding about a particular topic or issue
Facts
statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.
Counterclaim
statement that contradicts one's claim and is usually proven and supported by both reasons and evidences
Evidence
statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument
Evaluative Statements
statement that states one's sound judgement about something through writing which is supported by reason and evidences
1. Begin with the positive before you point out the judgment 2. Suggest a solution or suggestions on how to improve the written material being evaluated and provide justification how these will work. 3. Keep your feedback concise and precise 4. Be careful in giving your feedback.
steps in formulating Evaluative Statements
Preference
subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked
Conventions
they might sound factual due to their being derived from customs, but because they are socially accepted ways of doing things, they cannot be verified objectively by measurements
rebut
to contradict someone's statement through a formal argument
formulating assertions formulating Counterclaims
two ways to formulate your evaluative statements
Conventions
way in which something is done similar to traditions and norms