Formulating Evaluative Statements

1. Claim 2. Counterclaim 3. Reason 4. Evidence

Elements of Arguments

1. Show competence and familiarity with the writer's topic. 2. Examine different perspectives and not just passively accepting the writer's claim 3. Consider the topic, and make sure you are willing to engage different viewpoints from your own. 4. Clarify your personal position on the topic

Thing to remember to locate counterclaims to argument

1. Facts 2. Conventions 3. Opinion 4. Preference

Types of Assertion according to the degree of certainty

Counterclaims

a claim made to rebut a previous claim.

Assertion

contain languages that expresses evaluation such as useful, significant, important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, comprehensive, practical, impossible, etc.

Assertion

declarative sentences that gives one's belief about something else as if it is true though it may not be

Assertion

expressed as an argument

Conventions

its truthfulness can be verified only by reference to historical precedents, laws, rules, usage, and customs

Opinion

open to disputes

Counterclaim

opposite of claim

Reason

part of an argument where a statement of a claim offers an explanation behind a party's claim

Evaluative Statements

present the strengths and weaknesses of something based on a set of criteria which needs to be factual, substantial, and unbiased

Counterclaim

provide a contrasting perspective of the main argument

Opinion

results from ambiguities; the more ambiguous a statement, the more difficult it is to verify

Assertion

serves as primary way for readers to consider and possibly agree with the claims presented by the writer than expository writing

Preference

state a personal choice in which the writer is under no obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement

Opinion

statement based on facts but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness

Evaluative Statements

statement is about your own judgement of the text's content and properties

Claim

statement that assert facts based on one's understanding about a particular topic or issue

Facts

statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

Counterclaim

statement that contradicts one's claim and is usually proven and supported by both reasons and evidences

Evidence

statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument

Evaluative Statements

statement that states one's sound judgement about something through writing which is supported by reason and evidences

1. Begin with the positive before you point out the judgment 2. Suggest a solution or suggestions on how to improve the written material being evaluated and provide justification how these will work. 3. Keep your feedback concise and precise 4. Be careful in giving your feedback.

steps in formulating Evaluative Statements

Preference

subjective and cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked

Conventions

they might sound factual due to their being derived from customs, but because they are socially accepted ways of doing things, they cannot be verified objectively by measurements

rebut

to contradict someone's statement through a formal argument

formulating assertions formulating Counterclaims

two ways to formulate your evaluative statements

Conventions

way in which something is done similar to traditions and norms