World History Ch. 16
According to the map titled "The slave trade", the British imported approximately how many slaves to their colonies?
2.1 million
How did European counties restrict economic activities in their colonies to ensure that colonies only benefited the home country?
people in the colonies could not sell raw materials or buy manufactured goods from any other nations but their own home country
The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than____.
90%
An increase in business activity due to colonization caused what?
A new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the ______?
Astrolabe
the first european to sail around the cape of good hope was
Bartolomeu Dias
Who were the conquistadors (names)?
Christopher Columbus, Francis Pizarro,
Which of the following best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?
Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe
The ultimate goal of early English, Dutch, and French explorers was to _______.
Find a passage to Asia
English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada
Francis Drake
Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire
Francis Pizarro
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru
Francis Pizzaro
established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration
Henry the Navigator
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
Hernan Cortes
What were the effects of the African Diaspora?
It led to the diffusion of African culture throughout the western world. This includes art, religion, and food
What were some of the problems of trade with the Middle East and Far East that drove the desire for exploration?
It took a while for traders to go back and forth. This caused their supplies to be very limited so they wanted to look for things like gold and other items.
the colony in Virginia that was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver
Jamestown
Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is commonly held to have been the first European exploration
John Cabot
Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes
Malinche
a terrifying ordeal for captive Africans enroute to the Americas
Middle Passage
Aztec emperor who died while in custody of the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes
Moctezuma II
a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island
New Amsterdam
the explorer that claimed brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
English colony started by the Pilgrims
Plymouth
Founded Quebec
Samuel de Champlain
Bartolome de las casas
Spaniard bishop who fought for Native American rights
Which of the following was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
The Spanish Empire was larger than the Portuguese Empire
Describe the Middle Passage
The cruel 6-8 week journey slaves took from Africa to the colonies. The slaves were packed tight in the ship and 25% died of disease or starvation. If they tried to escape or kill themselves, they would torture them to death.
What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies
What was the Columbian Exchange? How did it work?
The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas. This led to the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases.
First European to see the Pacific Ocean
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
sailed around Africa to India
Vasco de Gama
the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama
According to the map titled "The slave trade", where were most slave forts located?
West Coast of Africa
In the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes________?
a slave ship
What was mercantilism and how did it drive European counties to develop colonies?
an economic theory that a nations strength depended on its wealth. Colonies existed to benefit the home country. Economic activities were restricted and governments passed laws forbidding colonies from manufacturing goods.
Inca ruler, strangled to death by the Spanish after paying a ransom of 24 tons of silver
atuhalupa
How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?
by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe
economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek a profit
capitalism
a dark brown drink made from ground coffee beans and boiled water
coffee
played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north
compass
Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because_______
disease had killed millions of Native Americans
The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to _______.
find a water route around Africa to India
The economy of New France was based on______.
fish and fur trading
spread risk and profit among many investors
joint-stock companies
the economic theory that a nations strength depended on its wealth
mercantilism
Under mercantilism, how could European counties develop a favorable balance of trade?
mercantilism reduced the amount of goods imported from other countries by placing tariffs on goods. European countries encourage exports that could sell for high prices. They could control overseas sources of raw materials and precious metals.
Scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world today are of American origin?
one third
Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops
plantations
A starchy plant tuber that is one of the most important food crops, cooked and eaten as a vegetable
potatoes
Mercantilists would advocate that a nation follow what course of action?
sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries
The spanish colonial economy was based largely on ______.
silver and gold
A disease to which Native Americans had no resistance
smallpox
Some Native Americans helped Cortes because ______.
the Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered
What changes in technology helped improve navigation?
the astrolabe allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and the stars in relation to the horizon. The compass that let sailors know at any time which direction is north. The Caravel was a ship that steered with a rudder at the rear of the ship, had Lateen sails, triangular sails, and weapons.
During the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of investing in overseas trade because______
the rising demand for goods drove prices higher
What was the triangular trade? How did it benefit colonies in the Americas?
the trade between Europe, Africa, and North America over the Atlantic ocean. It allowed the trade to remain robust for centuries.
How was french exploration of the Americas different from Spanish and Portuguese exploration?
they wanted to find Northwest passage to Asia
French settlers in Canada were mainly_______
traders
The Spanish used captive Africans as ________.
workers on Caribbean sugar plantations