World History Ch. 16

According to the map titled "The slave trade", the British imported approximately how many slaves to their colonies?

2.1 million

How did European counties restrict economic activities in their colonies to ensure that colonies only benefited the home country?

people in the colonies could not sell raw materials or buy manufactured goods from any other nations but their own home country

The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than____.

90%

An increase in business activity due to colonization caused what?

A new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the ______?

Astrolabe

the first european to sail around the cape of good hope was

Bartolomeu Dias

Who were the conquistadors (names)?

Christopher Columbus, Francis Pizarro,

Which of the following best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?

Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe

The ultimate goal of early English, Dutch, and French explorers was to _______.

Find a passage to Asia

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada

Francis Drake

Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire

Francis Pizarro

Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru

Francis Pizzaro

established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration

Henry the Navigator

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico

Hernan Cortes

What were the effects of the African Diaspora?

It led to the diffusion of African culture throughout the western world. This includes art, religion, and food

What were some of the problems of trade with the Middle East and Far East that drove the desire for exploration?

It took a while for traders to go back and forth. This caused their supplies to be very limited so they wanted to look for things like gold and other items.

the colony in Virginia that was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver

Jamestown

Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is commonly held to have been the first European exploration

John Cabot

Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes

Malinche

a terrifying ordeal for captive Africans enroute to the Americas

Middle Passage

Aztec emperor who died while in custody of the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes

Moctezuma II

a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island

New Amsterdam

the explorer that claimed brazil for Portugal

Pedro Cabral

English colony started by the Pilgrims

Plymouth

Founded Quebec

Samuel de Champlain

Bartolome de las casas

Spaniard bishop who fought for Native American rights

Which of the following was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

The Spanish Empire was larger than the Portuguese Empire

Describe the Middle Passage

The cruel 6-8 week journey slaves took from Africa to the colonies. The slaves were packed tight in the ship and 25% died of disease or starvation. If they tried to escape or kill themselves, they would torture them to death.

What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies

What was the Columbian Exchange? How did it work?

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas. This led to the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases.

First European to see the Pacific Ocean

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

sailed around Africa to India

Vasco de Gama

the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa

Vasco de Gama

According to the map titled "The slave trade", where were most slave forts located?

West Coast of Africa

In the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes________?

a slave ship

What was mercantilism and how did it drive European counties to develop colonies?

an economic theory that a nations strength depended on its wealth. Colonies existed to benefit the home country. Economic activities were restricted and governments passed laws forbidding colonies from manufacturing goods.

Inca ruler, strangled to death by the Spanish after paying a ransom of 24 tons of silver

atuhalupa

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?

by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe

economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek a profit

capitalism

a dark brown drink made from ground coffee beans and boiled water

coffee

played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north

compass

Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because_______

disease had killed millions of Native Americans

The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to _______.

find a water route around Africa to India

The economy of New France was based on______.

fish and fur trading

spread risk and profit among many investors

joint-stock companies

the economic theory that a nations strength depended on its wealth

mercantilism

Under mercantilism, how could European counties develop a favorable balance of trade?

mercantilism reduced the amount of goods imported from other countries by placing tariffs on goods. European countries encourage exports that could sell for high prices. They could control overseas sources of raw materials and precious metals.

Scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world today are of American origin?

one third

Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops

plantations

A starchy plant tuber that is one of the most important food crops, cooked and eaten as a vegetable

potatoes

Mercantilists would advocate that a nation follow what course of action?

sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries

The spanish colonial economy was based largely on ______.

silver and gold

A disease to which Native Americans had no resistance

smallpox

Some Native Americans helped Cortes because ______.

the Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered

What changes in technology helped improve navigation?

the astrolabe allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and the stars in relation to the horizon. The compass that let sailors know at any time which direction is north. The Caravel was a ship that steered with a rudder at the rear of the ship, had Lateen sails, triangular sails, and weapons.

During the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of investing in overseas trade because______

the rising demand for goods drove prices higher

What was the triangular trade? How did it benefit colonies in the Americas?

the trade between Europe, Africa, and North America over the Atlantic ocean. It allowed the trade to remain robust for centuries.

How was french exploration of the Americas different from Spanish and Portuguese exploration?

they wanted to find Northwest passage to Asia

French settlers in Canada were mainly_______

traders

The Spanish used captive Africans as ________.

workers on Caribbean sugar plantations