Foundation of nutrition chapter 6

Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.

- partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine - partially digested proteins trigger the release of hormone CCK - CCK causes the pancreas to release protein splitting enzymes - trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments

a diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

- it is likely to be low in dietary fiber and photo-chemicals - foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat

How do proteins contribute to acid base balance of the blood

-pump ions into and out of cells -serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

The body uses 20 different amino acids to function. How many of these amino acids are nonessential

11

The body needs to use ——- different amino acids to function

20

Proteins supply the body with about ——- kilocalories per gram

4

Gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. Calculate his recommended daily intake for protein.

56 grams

What is the RDA for protein for a typical 145 man

56 grams

If Jonas weighs 154 pounds, how many kilograms does he weigh?

70 154/2.2 = 70kg

What % of protein North American consumes comes from animal sources

70%

How many amino acids are essential?

9

Anemia, nerve damage, and mental dysfunction are all associated with a vitamin ____ deficiency

B-12

What are some vegetarian foods that supply the body with vitamin B-12

Breakfast cereal Fortified soy milk

Proteins serve which of the following functions

Building blocks for muscle and bone Aid in blood clotting Maintenance of fluid imbalance Synthesis of enzymes and hormones

Which is a best example of a situation where denaturation of protein is useful

Digestion

To help meet their high calorie needs a vegetarian or vegan child can consume which of the following nutrient dense foods

Dried fruit Nuts Avocados

Because blood proteins attract fluids from extracellular spaces into capillaries low protein intake can lead to

Edema

Indispensable amino acids is another name for

Essential amino acids

Which cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet

Essential amino acids

Which are potential causes of denaturation

Exposure to heat Exposure to acid Agitation

45% of protein consumed by North Americans comes from animal sources

False

Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance

False

Most enzymes are lipids

False

Most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins

False

Which type of diet poses an increased risk for dehydration

High protein

A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids is a —— protein

High quality Complete

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein

Immune function is impaired Edema can develop Blood protein concentration decreases

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

Nonessential

Which of the following individuals requires positive protein balance

Older adult recovering from an illness Middle Aged adult recovering from an illness Adolescent boy during a growth spurt

Amino acid needs should be met

Over the course of a day

What are examples of legumes

Peanut Garden peas Lentils

A vegan child may need to replace high fiber sources with ——- because children have small stomachs and the high fiber content of a vegan diet may cause the child to feel full before their calorie needs are met

Peeled fruit Refined grains Fruit juices

——- is major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

Pepsin

An ——- bond formed between two amino acids in a protein- it is difficult to break, but acids enzymes and other agents are able to do so during digestion

Peptide

Which components from plant based foods help prevent chronic disease

Phytochemical's

—— proteins are frequently low in one or more of the 9 essential amino acids

Plant

A—— protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses

Positive

The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during

Pregnancy Infancy

Which of the following are functions of protein

Production of enzymes and hormones Blood clotting Fluid balance

Although usually reserved for tissue synthesis—— can be used to meet energy needs during prolonged exercise and during calorie restriction

Protein

What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety

Protein

Trypsin is a protein digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas to act in the

Small intestine

—- protein is an example of plant based protein that does not meet essential amino acid needs

Soy

What are the 8 foods that account for 90% of food related allergies

Soy Fish Tree nuts Eggs Shellfish Wheat Peanuts Milk

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovegitarian

Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce Italian bread iced tea Poached eggs whole wheat toast with jam banana orange juice

During transcription an mRNA copy of the DNA code moves out from the cells nucleus into the cytoplasm and to the ribosomes

True

Nonessential amino acids can also be referred to as dispensable amino acids

True

The harmful effects of PKU can be minimized by following a special diet that limits intake of phenylalanine

True

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

cancer and cardiovascular disease

A high protein diet can affect the kidneys by

increasing production of urea and contributing to kidney stones.

Vitamin C helps with absorption of

iron

Buffers maintain _______ balance within the body.

pH

The liver & kidneys must work hard to derive energy from _______ which makes it a costly source of calories

protein

Almost all enzymes are

proteins

The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form

proteins

During protein synthesis mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm to which organelle

ribosomes

In extreme starvation—— from muscle tissue start to be converted to glucose which wastes muscle and produces edema

Amino acids

What term is used for the building blocks of protein

Amino acids

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

Calcium fortified orange juice Oatmeal with butter and Brown sugar Parfait made with yogurt granola and blueberries

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

Calorie deficiency and lack of nutrients

What are two primary sources of fuel for cells

Carbohydrates Fats

Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids

Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen

A—— protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acid. When put together the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids

Complimentary

What nutrients are provided by plant foods

Fiber Magnesium Protein

What would be good sources of calcium for a person who follows a vegan diet

Fortified orange juice Fortified soy milk Calcium fortified tofu

What are some cancer fighting oxidants according to my plate

Fruit Vegetables Grains

protein equilibrium occurs when

It is equal to protein losses

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

It is likely to be low in dietary fiber and phytochemicles Food of animal origin are often high in saturated fat

—— is known as the disease the first child gets when the new child comes

Kwashiorkor

What are good sources of iron in diet

Legumes Nuts Whole grains

A vegan can get zinc from

Legumes Nuts Whole grains

Most plant proteins are examples of —— proteins

Lower quality

Protein turnover is a process by which a cell can respond to its changing environment by

Making protein Disassembling proteins

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a skin and bone appearance

Marasmus

Inadequate intake of essential amino acids may lead to

Muscle wasting Slow production of body proteins Impaired growth

—- is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, can fuel body cells, amino acids form together to form nutrients

Protein

Which of the following are potential health benefits of consuming plant protein in place of animal sources of protein

Reduced risk for cancer Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for type two diabetes Reduced risk for obesity

Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in

Stomach Small intestine

Amino acids can be converted into glucose to

Supply energy for the brain

Adults need about 11% of their total protein to be supplied by essential amino acids

True

Amino acids play a role in synthesis of hormones

True

What are examples of branched chain amino acids

Valine Isoleucine Leucine

Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease hypertension and many forms of cancer

Vegetarians

Children following a vegan or vegetarian diet may be at risk for deficiency of

Vitamin D Calcium Iron Vitamin B-12

What are some good sources of omega 3 fatty acids in plant based diet

Walnut Flax seeds Canola oil Soybean oil

Protein synthesis takes place in the

cytoplasm

What are characteristics of kwashiorkor

large belly (edema), mild to moderate weight loss, maintenance of some muscle and subcutaneous fat, growth impairment- fatty liver