Foundations Chapter 29 Infection Prevention and Control

A 47-year-old patient has arrived at the clinic after accidentally cutting his forearm with a pair of scissors. Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to indicate a local inflammation? Select all that apply. 1.Swelling 2.Redness 3.Pain 4.Anorexia 5.Vomiting

1 Swelling 2 Redness 3 Pain

Which disease requires contact precautions? 1.Scabies 2.Measles 3.Diphtheria 4.Pharyngitis

1 Scabies

A registered nurse teaches a student nurse about how age influences infection prevention and control. Which statements made by the nursing student indicate the need for further learning? Select all that apply. 1."The immune system declines as the child grows." 2."Adults in old-age have decreased cell-mediated immunity." 3."Middle-aged adults have refined defenses against infections." 4."An infant's immune system produces a large amount of immunoglobulins." 5."Infants who are breastfed have greater immunity than bottle-fed infants."

1, "The immune system declines as the child grows." 4 "An infant's immune system produces a large amount of immunoglobulins."

A patient who had a hysterectomy 10 days ago has come for a follow-up visit. The patient is experiencing pain and itching at the incision site. After assessment, the health care provider suspects the incision site is infected. Which interventions would help control infection? Select all that apply. 1.Reduce water intake. 2.Administer antibiotics. 3.Administer anxiolytics. 4.Provide adequate nutrition. 5.Monitor response to drug therapy.

2 Administer antibiotics. 4 Provide adequate nutrition. 5 Monitor response to drug therapy

Which type of transmission-based precaution requires a gown and gloves? 1.Droplet precautions 2.Contact precautions 3.Airborne precautions 4.Protective environment precautions

2 Contact precautions

A patient with influenza is admitted to a hospital. Which safety precautions should the nurse take to prevent an infection? Select all that apply. 1.Wearing gloves while reviewing the medical report 2.Wearing a surgical mask within 3 feet of the patient 3.Wearing a sterile gown while entering the patient's room 4.Maintaining proper hand hygiene during the assessment 5.Placing the patient in an airborne infection isolation room

2, Wearing a surgical mask within 3 feet of the patient 4 Maintaining proper hand hygiene during the assessment

Which instrument used by the nurse requires surface disinfection? 1.Endoscope 2.Cardiac catheter 3.Urinary catheter 4.Blood pressure cuff

4 Blood pressure cuff

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the normal defense mechanisms of the body against infections. Which statements are true about the skin as a primary defense against infections? Select all that apply. 1.It provides a barrier to microorganisms. 2.It helps in removing organisms when they adhere to outer layers of the skin. 3.It contains fatty acids that have an antibacterial action. 4.It helps in washing away particles containing microorganisms. 5.It contains microbial inhibitors.

1 It provides a barrier to microorganisms. 2 It helps in removing organisms when they adhere to outer layers of the skin. 3 It contains fatty acids that have an antibacterial action

A registered nurse evaluates a nursing student after teaching the nursing skills required during sterilization disinfection and cleaning of equipment. Which statements made by the nursing student indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. 1."Implants are considered noncritical items and must be disinfected." 2."Stethoscopes are considered noncritical items and must be disinfected." 3."Surgical instruments are considered critical items and must be sterilized." 4."Endotracheal tubes are considered semi-critical items and must be sterilized." 5."Urinary catheters are considered semi-critical items and must be disinfected."

1, "Implants are considered noncritical items and must be disinfected." 5 "Urinary catheters are considered semi-critical items and must be disinfected."

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse understands that an infection occurs in a cycle and involves several elements. What are the elements in the chain of infection? Select all that apply. 1.An infectious agent 2.A vaccine schedule 3.The source of pathogen growth 4.A clean surrounding 5.A susceptible host

1, 3, 5 1 An infectious agent 3 The source of pathogen growth 5 A susceptible host

The nurse is educating a patient on how to prevent the spread of infections. Which patient habits should be discouraged to prevent infections? Select all that apply. 1.Eating thawed meat that is partially cooked 2.Covering the mouth or nose when coughing or sneezing 3.Washing hands after using the toilet 4.Removing a contaminated wound dressing by oneself 5.Covering food with lids to avoid flies

1, Eating thawed meat that is partially cooked 4 Removing a contaminated wound dressing by oneself

A nurse cares for a patient who is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which nursing interventions would be most appropriate to reduce the risk of transmission? Select all that apply. 1.Wearing an N95 respirator 2.Maintaining a positive airflow in the room 3.Wearing a surgical mask when the patient is 5 feet away or less 4.Wearing a mask while outside of the patient's room 5.Wearing gloves while performing a physical examination of the patient

1, Wearing an N95 respirator 5 Wearing gloves while performing a physical examination of the patient

Which symptoms indicate the presence of a systemic infection? Select all that apply. 1.Fatigue 2.Redness 3.Swelling 4.Warmth 5.Malaise

1,Fatigue 5 Malaise

When the nurse is performing surgical hand asepsis, where should the nurse keep his or her hands? 1.Below the elbows 2.Above the elbows 3.At a 45-degree angle 4.In a comfortable position

2 Keeping the hands above the elbows when performing a surgical scrub prevents contaminated water from coming into contact with the hands.

A registered nurse evaluates a nursing student's actions. Which nursing actions indicate that the nursing student is following precautions to eliminate reservoirs of infection? Select all that apply. 1.Changing soiled dressings 2.Emptying urinary drainage bags every 4 hours 3.Covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing 4.Instructing the patient to maintain adequate fluid intake 5.Wearing disposable gloves while making contact with patients

1 Changing soiled dressings 2 Emptying urinary drainage bags every 4 hours

Which is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? 1.Hand hygiene 2.Wearing gloves 3.Placing patients in isolation 4.Providing private rooms for patients

1 Hand hygiene

A registered nurse evaluates the nursing assistive personnel who is wearing a mask. Which action made by the nursing assistive personnel indicates a need for correction? 1.Having a casual conversation while wearing a mask 2.Changing an unused mask due to a moist feeling 3.Tying the two top ties at the back of the head and above the ears 4.Wearing the mask such that the top of the mask fits below the glasses

1 Having a casual conversation while wearing a mask

A patient reporting sore throat and pain while swallowing arrives at the hospital. The laboratory reports revealed the presence of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus. What would be the patient's stage of infection? 1.Illness stage 2.Convalescence 3.Prodromal stage 4.Incubation period

1 Illness stage

A patient is admitted in the hospital with a diagnosis of meningococcal pneumonia. Which is the priority nursing intervention in this condition? 1.Isolating the patient 2.Performing oral hygiene 3.Providing antimicrobial therapy 4.Keeping the patient well hydrated

1 Isolating the patient

While communicating with a patient who has an infection, the nurse says, "Tell me about your recent major lifestyle change that has occurred." Which factor is the nurse trying to assess? 1.Stressors 2.Risk factors 3.Recent travel history 4.Possible existing invitations

1 Stressors

Which statement regarding vascular and cellular responses is true? 1.Vasodilation occurs at the site of injury. 2.Chronic inflammation is an immediate response to cellular injury. 3.Increased blood flow leads to coldness at the site of inflammation. 4.The cellular response involves red blood cells at the site of infection.

1 Vasodilation occurs at the site of injury.

The nurse in a postoperative surgical unit is instructed to perform wound care for a patient with an open fracture to his right tibia. What steps are included in wound cleaning? Select all that apply. 1.Clean inward from a wound site. 2.Clean outward from a wound site. 3.When applying antiseptic, wipe around the wound edge first. 4.When applying antiseptic, wipe outward and away from the wound first. 5.Use clean gauze for each revolution around the wound's circumference.

2 Clean outward from a wound site. 3 When applying antiseptic, wipe around the wound edge first. 5 Use clean gauze for each revolution around the wound's circumference.

The nurse is assessing a group of patients in a health screening program. A patient complains of itching and irritation under the right arm and the nurse suspects a localized infection. What assessments should be done on this patient? Select all that apply. 1.Examine for paleness of skin. 2.Palpate the area for tenderness. 3.Inquire about pain and tightness. 4.Inspect the area for redness and swelling. 5.Inquire about gastrointestinal disturbances.

2 Palpate the area for tenderness. 3 Inquire about pain and tightness. 4 Inspect the area for redness and swelling.

A patient who is diagnosed with laryngeal tuberculosis requires isolation precautions. The nurse finds that the patient is depressed, angry, and rejected. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention that would provide relief to the patient? 1.Provide a dark, quiet room to calm the patient 2.Explain the isolation procedures to provide meaningful stimulation 3.Disallow visits by the patient's family members to reduce the risk of spreading the infection 4.Avoid explaining the patient's risk for depression to the patient's family members

2 Explain the isolation procedures to provide meaningful stimulation

Which statement is true regarding the donning and removing of caps, masks, and eyewear? 1.Surgical masks and eyewear should be worn only inside the sterile field. 2.Eyewear should be worn only when the procedure has a risk of splashing. 3.Surgical masks should be worn first and then a clean cap should be worn to cover the hair. 4.Surgical masks should be removed after the completion of the procedure even if it takes several hours.

2 Eyewear should be worn only when the procedure has a risk of splashing.

What is the portal of exit of the influenza virus? 1.Blood 2.Respiratory tract 3.Reproductive tract 4.Skin and mucous membrane

2 Respiratory tract

While performing hand hygiene, the nurse avoids wearing rings. What is the rationale behind this action? 1.To ensure complete antimicrobial action 2.To prevent a Staphylococcus aureus infection 3.To prevent an increase in the number of bacteria residing on the hands 4.To provide enough time for the antimicrobial solution to be effective

2 To prevent a Staphylococcus aureus infection

In the home setting, what is the best method to sterilize a straight urinary catheter and suction tube? 1.Use an autoclave. 2.Use boiling water. 3.Use ethylene oxide gas. 4.Use chemicals for disinfection.

2 Use boiling water.

A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about the nursing skills required to care for patients with infections. Which statements made by the nursing student indicate the need for further learning? Select all that apply. 1."I should use only cleaned equipment." 2."I only need gloves when there is a risk of a splash." 3."I should use a mask while touching a patient's mucous membranes." 4."I should ensure that patients cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing." 5."I should keep bedside surfaces clean and dry while performing aseptic procedures."

2, "I only need gloves when there is a risk of a splash." 3 "I should use a mask while touching a patient's mucous membranes."

The nurse works in a hospital. What precautions are necessary to help prevent health care-associated infections? Select all that apply. 1.Frequently irrigate urinary catheters. 2.Insert drug additives to IV fluids. 3.Ensure a closed, urinary catheter drainage system. 4.Change the IV access site if inflamed. 5.Use aseptic technique when suctioning the airway.

3 Ensure a closed, urinary catheter drainage system. 4 Change the IV access site if inflamed. 5 Use aseptic technique when suctioning the airway.

A patient reporting itching and tingling arrives at the hospital. The nurse suspects a herpes simplex infection and keeps the patient in an isolation room. What would be the patient's stage of infection? 1.Illness stage 2.Convalescence 3.Prodromal stage 4.Incubation period

3 Prodromal stage

A patient's surgical wound has become swollen, red, and tender. You note that the patient has a new fever and leukocytosis. What is the best, immediate intervention? 1.Notify the healthcare provider and use surgical technique to change the dressing. 2.Reassure the patient and recheck the wound later. 3.Notify the healthcare provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs. 4.Alert the patient and caregivers to the presence of an infection to ensure care after discharge

3 Notify the healthcare provider and support the patient's fluid and nutritional needs.

Following a procedure in an isolation room, the nurse first removes eye protection and gloves, followed by removal of the mask, and then hand washing. The nurse then comes out of the isolation room and removes the gown. Which action was performed correctly? 1.Removing gloves 2.Removing mask after gloves 3.Removing gown outside the isolation room 4.Performing hand hygiene in the isolation room

3 Removing gown outside the isolation room

Which statement is true regarding the illness stage of an infection? 1.The illness stage is the time interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear. 2.The illness stage is the time interval from the onset of.nonspecific symptoms to more specific symptoms. 3.The illness stage is the time interval when the patient has signs and symptoms specific to the infection type. 4.The illness stage is the time interval between the entrance of the pathogen into the body and the appearance of the first symptoms.

3 The illness stage is the time interval when the patient has signs and symptoms specific to the infection type.

A nursing student performs hand hygiene. Which action made by the nursing student may allow the transfer of pathogens? 1.Drying hands with a warm air dryer 2.Discarding a paper towel in the proper receptacle 3.Using wet paper towels to turn off taps after washing 4.Cleaning the area under the fingernails with the fingernails of the other hand

3 Using wet paper towels to turn off taps after washing

A patient is suspected of having mumps. In which order do the stages of infection occur? 1..Occurrence of pain and a headache 2..Identification of rubella virus 3.Invasion of the pathogen into the body 4.Disappearance of a high fever and parotid swellings 5.Occurrence of a high fever and parotid swelling 6.Occurrence of symptoms such as malaise and fatigue

3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4

What major infections are caused by Escherichia coli? Select all that apply. 1.Hepatitis A 2.Pneumonia 3.Gastroenteritis 4.Food poisoning 5.Urinary tract infections

3, Gastroenteritis 5Urinary tract infections

Which is the most effective way to control the transmission of infection in health care facilities? 1.Vaccinations 2.Isolation precautions 3.Hand hygiene practices 4.Use of clean equipment

3Hand hygiene practices

When does the nurse wear a gown? 1.The patient's hygiene is poor. 2.The nurse is assisting with medication administration. 3.The patient has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or hepatitis. 4.Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform.

4 Blood or body fluids may get on the nurse's clothing from a task that he or she plans to perform.

A community nurse is conducting an awareness program for sex workers and community members with substance abuse problems. What should the nurse tell the attendees about prevention of the spread of the hepatitis C virus? 1.A symptomatic patient cannot transmit hepatitis C. 2.Hepatitis C can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route. 3.Only symptomatic patients can transmit the virus. 4.Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients can transmit the virus.

4 Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients can transmit the virus.

What would a nurse use for a high-level disinfection? 1.Moist heat 2.Boiling water 3.Ethylene oxide gas 4.Hydrogen peroxide

4 Hydrogen peroxide

A registered nurse teaches a nursing student about normal flora. Which statement of the nursing student indicates a need for further learning? 1.Normal flora of the large intestine exist in large numbers. 2.Normal flora maintain a sensitive balance with other microbes. 3.A healthy person excretes trillions of microbes daily through the intestines. 4.Normal flora may cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body.

4 Normal flora may cause disease when residing in their usual area of the body.

Which statement is true regarding donning a sterile gown? 1.The circulatory nurse should also wear sterile gown. 2.Nurses should wear sterile gowns before applying masks. 3.The anterior surface of the sleeves of a gown is also considered sterile. 4.The nurse should wear sterile gowns while assisting a health care provider during surgery.

4 The nurse should wear sterile gowns while assisting a health care provider during surgery.

While caring for a patient with an infectious disease, the nurse understands the need for personal protective equipment (PPE). Arrange the personal protective measures taken by the nurse in correct order. 1.Applying a mask 2.Putting on gloves 3.Putting on protective eyewear 4.Performing hand hygiene 5.applying a gown

4, 5, 1, 3, 2 When full personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary, the nurse should first perform hand hygiene. Then, the nurse applies a gown, followed by a mask, protective eyewear, and finally gloves.

Which disease is a communicable disease that can be asymptomatic? 1.Meningitis 2.Pneumonia 3.Tuberculosis 4.Hepatitis C virus

4Hepatitis C virus

In which order does the chain of infection cycle occur chronologically? 1.Host 2.Portal to exit 3.Reservoir 4.Portal to entry 5.Infectious agent 6.Mode of transmission

5, 3, 2, 6, 4, 1