free biology exit exam practice test
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?
Circular DNA
In the scientific classification of living organisms, which category is more specific than "phylum" but more general than "species"?
Class
There are two types of cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Which of the following cellular structures are found in both types of cell? DNA Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Chloroplast
DNA
DNA exists in the form of __________ strands of DNA coiled about each other.
Double
In cellular respiration, which stage produces the majority of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
Electron transport chain
Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate various body functions?
Endocrine system
A cell uses which of the following to accelerate chemical reactions enabling its metabolic machinery to operate?
Enzymes
Which of the following directly (as opposed to indirectly) supports Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
Evidence from Genetics
In humans, how do the sex chromosomes differ between males and females?
Females have two X chromosomes and males one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human body?
Filtration of blood and excretion of waste products
Which of the following organisms is a vertabrate?
Frogs
The functional unit of heredity is the _____________.
Gene
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose
___________ occurs when organisms of different species mate and form offspring
Hybridization
Which of the following is not part of the metabolic sequence? a. Photosynthesis b. Respiration c. Hydoplasm d. Digestion
Hydoplasm
Which of the following represents the largest group of biological classification? a. Kingdom b. Species c. Class d. Genus
Kingdom
Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular waste and debris?
Lysosome
When sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms, a process takes place before cells fuse whereby a cell is left with half of its chromosomes, enabling the creation of a cell with a characteristic chromosome number. What is this process called?
Meiosis
Many animals protect themselves with an exoskeleton. Which of the following is an example of an animal with an exoskeleton?
Mollusk
Locomotion in Metazoa is usually due to the contraction of what?
Muscle
The phrase "survival of the fittest" is an alternate phrase expressing which of the following principles?
Natural Selection
Which cellular structure is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA and is often called the "factory" of the cell?
Nucleolus
Genes are located within the cytoplasm of the cell.
Nucleus
What it is the name given to specialized structures within cells responsible for carrying out specific functions such as providing energy and producing hormones?
Organelles
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the use of energy?
Passive diffusion
In genetics, what term describes the expression of an individual's genetic makeup?
Phenotype
The bodies of all insects have _______ major divisions.
3
How many chromosomes does an individual human person have?
46
A multicellular organism is:
A group of differentiated eukaryotic cells that work together to support the function of an organism
Changes in the genetic makeup of an organism may be due to which of the following? a. New combinations of chromosomes b. Chromosome mutation c. Gene mututation d. All of the above
All of the above
Which phylum do insects belong to in the animal kingdom classification?
Arthropoda
What is the role of the enzyme pepsin in the digestive system?
Breakdown of proteins
What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase?
Breaks down carbohydrates
The term thallus refers to the plant-like structure of which of the following organisms?
Brown algae
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that plays a crucial role in regulating Earth's temperature?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following are NOT organelles found in animal cells? a. Nucleus and golgi apparatus b. Cellular membrane and cytoplasm c. Mitochondria and ribosomes d. Chloroplast and central vacuole
Chloroplast and central vacuole
Light initiates different types of cellular reactions. Which of the following responses to light converts the energy from light into a gain of potential energy? a. Phototaxis b. Photoperiodism c. Photosynthesis d. All of the above
Photosynthesis
Which of the following is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?
Produces genetically identical offspring
Single-celled protists with animal-like behavior belong to the phylum ______________.
Protozoa
What is the primary function of the hormone insulin in the human body?
Regulates blood sugar levels
Genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to cytoplasm by way of _______________.
Ribonucleic acid
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
All of the following are similarities between unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms, except _____________. a. Internal complexity b. Division of labor c. Size d. Ecological relationships
Size
In which organ does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the human digestive system?
Small intestine
What is the process by which plants lose water vapor through small openings in their leaves?
Transpiration
Sterile female honey bees are called _________________.
Workers
In normal sexual reproduction, two mature gametes fuse to form a(n) _____________.
Zygote
the net effect of photosynthesis, chemically, is reduction, leading to the formation of which products?
oxygen and carbohydrates
a cell membrane is _____
semipermeable
